C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2022-05-30 23:46 275阅读 0赞

# C\#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现 #

周末，没事干，写个简单的串口通信工具，也算是本周末曾来过，废话不多，直接到主题

## 串口介绍 ##

串行接口简称串口，也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口（通常指COM接口），是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口。（至于再详细，自己百度）

## 串口应用： ##

工业领域使用较多，比如:数据采集，设备控制等等，好多都是用串口通信来实现！你要是细心的话，你会发现，目前家用国网智能电能表就具备RS485通信总线（串行总线的一种）与RS232可以相互转化（当然一般，非专业的谁也不会闲的蛋疼，趴电表上瞎看,最多也就看看走了多少度电）

## RS232 DB9介绍： ##

### 1.示意图 ###

![1070330-20170325183526783-1521639062.png][]

### 2.针脚介绍： ###

1.  载波检测(DCD)
2.  接受数据(RXD)
3.  发出数据(TXD)
4.  数据终端准备好(DTR)
5.  信号地线(SG)
6.  数据准备好(DSR)
7.  请求发送(RTS)
8.  清除发送(CTS)
9.  振铃指示(RI)

### 3.实物图： ###

以下是我购买XX公司的一个usb转串口线：这个头就是一个公头，另一端是一个usb口

![1070330-20170325185355893-828946816.png][]

## 笨小孩串口工具运行图： ##

### 1.开启程序 ###

![1070330-20170325194243127-976559948.png][]

### 2.发送一行字符串HelloBenXH，直接将针脚的发送和接收链接起来就可以测试了（针脚2 接受数据(RXD) 和3 发出数据(TXD)）直接链接, ###

![1070330-20170325194029033-795198649.png][]

## C\#代码实现：采用SerialPort ##

### 1.实例化一个SerialPort ###

**\[csharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  **private** SerialPort ComDevice = **new** SerialPort();

### 2.初始化参数绑定接收数据事件 ###

**\[csharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  **public****void** init() 
2.   \{ 
3.   btnSend.Enabled = **false**; 
4.   cbbComList.Items.AddRange(SerialPort.GetPortNames()); 
5.  **if** (cbbComList.Items.Count > 0) 
6.   \{ 
7.   cbbComList.SelectedIndex = 0; 
8.   \} 
9.   cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 5; 
10.  cbbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0; 
11.  cbbParity.SelectedIndex = 0; 
12.  cbbStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0; 
13.  pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red; 
14. 
15.  ComDevice.DataReceived += **new** SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Com\_DataReceived);//绑定事件
16. 
17.  \}

### 3.打开串口button事件 ###

**\[csharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  /// <summary>
2.  /// 打开串口
3.  /// </summary>
4.  /// <param name="sender"></param>
5.  /// <param name="e"></param>
6.  **private****void** btnOpen\_Click(**object** sender, EventArgs e) 
7.   \{ 
8.  **if** (cbbComList.Items.Count <= 0) 
9.   \{ 
10.  MessageBox.Show("没有发现串口,请检查线路！"); 
11. **return**; 
12.  \} 
13. 
14. **if** (ComDevice.IsOpen == **false**) 
15.  \{ 
16.  ComDevice.PortName = cbbComList.SelectedItem.ToString(); 
17.  ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString()); 
18.  ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)Convert.ToInt32(cbbParity.SelectedIndex.ToString()); 
19.  ComDevice.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbbDataBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); 
20.  ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)Convert.ToInt32(cbbStopBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); 
21. **try**
22.  \{ 
23.  ComDevice.Open(); 
24.  btnSend.Enabled = **true**; 
25.  \} 
26. **catch** (Exception ex) 
27.  \{ 
28.  MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 
29. **return**; 
30.  \} 
31.  btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口"; 
32.  pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.green; 
33.  \} 
34. **else**
35.  \{ 
36. **try**
37.  \{ 
38.  ComDevice.Close(); 
39.  btnSend.Enabled = **false**; 
40.  \} 
41. **catch** (Exception ex) 
42.  \{ 
43.  MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 
44.  \} 
45.  btnOpen.Text = "打开串口"; 
46.  pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red; 
47.  \} 
48. 
49.  cbbComList.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 
50.  cbbBaudRate.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 
51.  cbbParity.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 
52.  cbbDataBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 
53.  cbbStopBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 
54.  \}

### 4.发送数据 ###

**\[csharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  /// <summary>
2.  /// 发送数据
3.  /// </summary>
4.  /// <param name="sender"></param>
5.  /// <param name="data"></param>
6.  **public****bool** SendData(**byte**\[\] data) 
7.   \{ 
8.  **if** (ComDevice.IsOpen) 
9.   \{ 
10. **try**
11.  \{ 
12.  ComDevice.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//发送数据
13. **return****true**; 
14.  \} 
15. **catch** (Exception ex) 
16.  \{ 
17.  MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 
18.  \} 
19.  \} 
20. **else**
21.  \{ 
22.  MessageBox.Show("串口未打开", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 
23.  \} 
24. **return****false**; 
25.  \} 
26. 
27. /// <summary>
28. /// 发送数据button事件
29. /// </summary>
30. /// <param name="sender"></param>
31. /// <param name="e"></param>
32. **private****void** btnSend\_Click(**object** sender, EventArgs e) 
33.  \{ 
34. **byte**\[\] sendData = **null**; 
35. 
36. **if** (rbtnSendHex.Checked) 
37.  \{ 
38.  sendData = strToHexByte(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 
39.  \} 
40. **else****if** (rbtnSendASCII.Checked) 
41.  \{ 
42.  sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 
43.  \} 
44. **else****if** (rbtnSendUTF8.Checked) 
45.  \{ 
46.  sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 
47.  \} 
48. **else****if** (rbtnSendUnicode.Checked) 
49.  \{ 
50.  sendData = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 
51.  \} 
52. **else**
53.  \{ 
54.  sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 
55.  \} 
56. 
57. **if** (**this**.SendData(sendData))//发送数据成功计数
58.  \{ 
59.  lblSendCount.Invoke(**new** MethodInvoker(**delegate**
60.  \{ 
61.  lblSendCount.Text = (**int**.Parse(lblSendCount.Text) + txtSendData.Text.Length).ToString(); 
62.  \})); 
63.  \} 
64. **else**
65.  \{ 
66. 
67.  \} 
68. 
69.  \} 
70. 
71. /// <summary>
72. /// 字符串转换16进制字节数组
73. /// </summary>
74. /// <param name="hexString"></param>
75. /// <returns></returns>
76. **private****byte**\[\] strToHexByte(**string** hexString) 
77.  \{ 
78.  hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", ""); 
79. **if** ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0) 
80.  hexString += " "; 
81. **byte**\[\] returnBytes = **new****byte**\[hexString.Length / 2\]; 
82. **for** (**int** i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++) 
83.  returnBytes\[i\] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i \* 2, 2).Replace(" ",""), 16); 
84. **return** returnBytes; 
85.  \}

### 5.接收和数据输出 ###

**\[csharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  /// <summary>
2.  /// 接收数据
3.  /// </summary>
4.  /// <param name="sender"></param>
5.  /// <param name="e"></param>
6.  **private****void** Com\_DataReceived(**object** sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) 
7.   \{ 
8.  **byte**\[\] ReDatas = **new****byte**\[ComDevice.BytesToRead\]; 
9.   ComDevice.Read(ReDatas, 0, ReDatas.Length);//读取数据
10. **this**.AddData(ReDatas);//输出数据
11.  \} 
12. 
13. /// <summary>
14. /// 添加数据
15. /// </summary>
16. /// <param name="data">字节数组</param>
17. **public****void** AddData(**byte**\[\] data) 
18.  \{ 
19. **if** (rbtnHex.Checked) 
20.  \{ 
21.  StringBuilder sb = **new** StringBuilder(); 
22. **for** (**int** i = 0; i < data.Length; i++) 
23.  \{ 
24.  sb.AppendFormat("\{0:x2\}" \+ " ", data\[i\]); 
25.  \} 
26.  AddContent(sb.ToString().ToUpper()); 
27.  \} 
28. **else****if** (rbtnASCII.Checked) 
29.  \{ 
30.  AddContent(**new** ASCIIEncoding().GetString(data)); 
31.  \} 
32. **else****if** (rbtnUTF8.Checked) 
33.  \{ 
34.  AddContent(**new** UTF8Encoding().GetString(data)); 
35.  \} 
36. **else****if** (rbtnUnicode.Checked) 
37.  \{ 
38.  AddContent(**new** UnicodeEncoding().GetString(data)); 
39.  \} 
40. **else**
41.  \{\} 
42. 
43.  lblRevCount.Invoke(**new** MethodInvoker(**delegate**
44.  \{ 
45.  lblRevCount.Text = (**int**.Parse(lblRevCount.Text) + data.Length).ToString(); 
46.  \})); 
47.  \} 
48. 
49. 
50. /// <summary>
51. /// 输入到显示区域
52. /// </summary>
53. /// <param name="content"></param>
54. **private****void** AddContent(**string** content) 
55.  \{ 
56. **this**.BeginInvoke(**new** MethodInvoker(**delegate**
57.  \{ 
58. **if**(chkAutoLine.Checked && txtShowData.Text.Length>0) 
59.  \{ 
60.  txtShowData.AppendText("\\r\\n"); 
61.  \} 
62.  txtShowData.AppendText(content); 
63.  \})); 
64.  \}

### 6.清空数据区域事件 ###

**\[csharp\]** [view plain][] [copy][view plain]

1.  /// <summary>
2.  /// 清空接收区
3.  /// </summary>
4.  /// <param name="sender"></param>
5.  /// <param name="e"></param>
6.  **private****void** btnClearRev\_Click(**object** sender, EventArgs e) 
7.   \{ 
8.   txtShowData.Clear(); 
9.   \} 
10. 
11. /// <summary>
12. /// 清空发送区
13. /// </summary>
14. /// <param name="sender"></param>
15. /// <param name="e"></param>
16. **private****void** btnClearSend\_Click(**object** sender, EventArgs e) 
17.  \{ 
18.  txtSendData.Clear(); 
19.  \}

[1070330-20170325183526783-1521639062.png]: /images/20220531/e677e28f6a8c4f06820951e970723629.png
[1070330-20170325185355893-828946816.png]: /images/20220531/6f15d079ce9d416684a0b8661c580e46.png
[1070330-20170325194243127-976559948.png]: /images/20220531/ab93107788334218adc5878f47edc2eb.png
[1070330-20170325194029033-795198649.png]: /images/20220531/754e1932914a4eca9d9fffb5fc359ff6.png
[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/CoderJYF/article/details/70255251#