Libevent之信号事件管理

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2022-05-30 07:49 208阅读 0赞

# 1、原理性介绍： #

1、Linux操作系统，对于信号的处理，都是调用先前注册给系统的回调函数，例如通过`sigaction(evsignal, &sa, sig->sh_old[evsignal])`注册回调了`sa`里面的回调函数。当对应的信号到来时候，将调用相应的回调函数。

2、Libevent为了将信号事件和IO事件统一起来，即对于信号的处理也通过`epoll`可以检测到。因此Libevent采用Unix域套接字的方法。创建一个域套接字`socketpair[0]、socketpair[1]`分别对应读和写。对于`socketpair[1]`Libevent创建一个内部`socketpair[1]`可读的事件`ev_signal`并设定其回调函数是`evsig_cb`，同时通过epoll监听这个事件。

3、当用户调用`event_add`添加信号事件的时候，会注册对应的信号回调函数`evsig_handler`，这个回调函数仅仅是往`socketpair[0]`里面写入对应的信号值。这时候，这时候`epoll`可以检测`socketpair[1]`可读，通过其事件回调函数`evsig_cb`读取出对应信号的值，并信号对应的事件，添加到就绪队列。然后执行对应的回调函数。通过添加间接层，可以很好的体现Libevent的事件驱动机制，这时候信号也是一个事件。

4、具体过程如下图：  
![这里写图片描述][70]

**统一事件源能够工作的一个原因是：多路IO复用函数都是可中断的。即处理完信号后，会从多路IO复用函数中退出，并将errno赋值为EINTR。**

# 2、简单例子 #

将使用这个简单例子分析全部信号处理流程：

#include <event.h>
    #include <signal.h>
    void sigintEventCB1(int fd, short event, void *argc)
    {
        printf("CB1\n");
    }
    
    void sigintEventCB2(int fd, short event, void *argc)
    {
        printf("CB2\n");
    }
    
    void sigintEventCB3(int fd, short event, void *argc)
    {
        printf("CB3\n");
    }
    
    int main(void)
    {
        struct event_base *base;//Reactor
        struct event *sigintEvent1;//事件
        struct event *sigintEvent2;
        struct event *sigintEvent3;
    
        base = event_base_new();
        event_base_priority_init(base , 3);//设定三个优先级别
    
        //在SIGINT中断信号上面监听三个事件，并且优先级各部相同
        sigintEvent1 = event_new(base , SIGINT , EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST , sigintEventCB1 , NULL);
        sigintEvent1->ev_pri = 2;
    
    
        sigintEvent2 = event_new(base , SIGINT , EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST , sigintEventCB2 , NULL);//信号事件，并且触发后仅仅从就绪队列删除，继续监听EV_PERSIST属性。 
        sigintEvent2->ev_pri = 1;
    
    
        sigintEvent3 = event_new(base , SIGINT , EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST , sigintEventCB3 , NULL);
        sigintEvent3->ev_pri = 0;
    
        event_add(sigintEvent1 , NULL);
        event_add(sigintEvent2 , NULL);
        event_add(sigintEvent3 , NULL);
    
        event_base_dispatch(base);//循环监听。
    
        event_base_free(base);//退出释放内存。
        event_free(sigintEvent1);//因为用的event_new，所以必须手动释放内存。
        event_free(sigintEvent2);
        event_free(sigintEvent3);
        return 0;
    }

以上代码在`SIGINT`上面注册三个回调函数，并且各自优先级为0、1、2。  
1、首先第一点需要注意，就是需要手动初始化`event_base_priority_init`的优先级链表个数，也就是初始化`struct event_list *activequeues`这个数组大小。否则Libevent默认初始化大小为0，为我们定义了优先级，最后肯定会收到系统的`SIGSEGV`信号，导致程序终止。

int
    event_base_priority_init(struct event_base *base, int npriorities)
    {
        int i;
    
        if (N_ACTIVE_CALLBACKS(base) || npriorities < 1
            || npriorities >= EVENT_MAX_PRIORITIES)
            return (-1);
    
        if (npriorities == base->nactivequeues)//
            return (0);
    
        if (base->nactivequeues) {
            mm_free(base->activequeues);
            base->nactivequeues = 0;
        }
    
        /* Allocate our priority queues 动态分配优先队列所需要的内存 */
        base->activequeues = (struct event_list *)
          mm_calloc(npriorities, sizeof(struct event_list));//分配npriorities个struct event_list
        if (base->activequeues == NULL) {
            event_warn("%s: calloc", __func__);
            return (-1);
        }
        base->nactivequeues = npriorities;
    
        for (i = 0; i < base->nactivequeues; ++i) {
       //继续初始化nactivequeues个队列，用来分别存储不同优先级的event
            TAILQ_INIT(&base->activequeues[i]);
        }
    
        return (0);
    }

此函数很简单，就是分配一个数组，数组里面的元素存储队列头。每一个事件都有一个优先级变量`ev_pri`，当事件发生时候，通过里面的这个变量，将其加入到`activequeues[ev_pri]`对应的就绪链表中，实现事件的优先级调用。

2、在同一个事件上面是支持优先级的和IO操作一样，当信号发生时候，优先级高的事件对应的回调函数优先运行。

3、当注册了信号函数，如果用户自己再次重新通过`sigaction`注册回调函数，那么信号发生，将直接覆盖Libevent帮助我们注册`ev_signal`，导致统一信号事件源失效。

# 3、源代码分析 #

首先安装的Libevent的debug版本，在运行时候，会打印debug信息。其次通过strace -p pid 追踪Libevent运行时候对应的系统调用。可以很清楚的看出Libevent对于信号处理是如何进行的，对于分析代码有重要作用。下面给出跟踪信息及注释。

**Libevent自带的调试输出：**

//通过strace跟踪Libevent_client，并将跟踪文件输出，以下是Libevent调试输出的结果：
    $ strace -o output.txt ./Libevent_client 
    
    //第一次调用event_add(sigintEvent1 , NULL);
    [debug] event_add: event: 0x15064e0 (fd 2),    call 0x4008e6   //调用event_add(sigintEvent1 , NULL);输出的调试信息，因为SIGINT = 2
    [debug] evsig_add: 2: changing signal handler     //event_add->event_add_internal->evmap_signal_add->evsig_add 注册SIGINT回调函数 evsig_handler
    
    [debug] _evsig_set_handler: evsignal (2) >= sh_old_max (0), resizing//_evsig_set_handler中sig->sh_old扩容，因为对于每一个信号需要存储一个struct sigaction变量
    [debug] event_add: event: 0x1506068 (fd 5), EV_READ   call 0x7f813c939909//信号事件第一次监听，将pair[1]读端的统一事件源ev_signal加入到epoll。
    [debug] Epoll ADD(1) on fd 5 okay. [old events were 0; read change was 1; write change was 0]//ev_signal调用epoll的调试信息，epoll add（指令码为1）操作，pair[1]=5
    
    
    //第二三次调用event_add(sigintEvent2 , NULL); 仅仅将sigintEvent2加入到信号事件队列
    [debug] event_add: event: 0x1506570 (fd 2),    call 0x40090a//再次添加SIGINT
    [debug] event_add: event: 0x1506600 (fd 2),    call 0x40092e//再次添加SIGINT
    
    //调用event_base_dispatch(base);//循环监听
    [debug] epoll_dispatch: epoll_wait reports 1   //由于发送了SIGINT信号，回调函数被调用，所以epoll_dispatch里面epoll_wait监听pair[1]返回可读，就绪一个
    [debug] event_active: 0x1506068 (fd 5), res 2, callback 0x7f813c939909//event_active_nolock，将pair[1]的回调函数加入就绪队列。res代表触发事件为read
    //此时激活队列上就一个事件evsig_cb
    
    
    [debug] event_process_active: event: 0x1506068, EV_READ  call 0x7f813c939909//处理就绪事件，事件的首地址 ，事件可读，调用回调函数evsig_cb（回调函数首地址）
    //evsig_cb优先级为0，所以最先被执行，然后将其他三个信号注册函数激活。
    
    
    //evsig_cb激活三个信号事件后，进而继续执行激活队列上面的事件。
    [debug] event_active: 0x15064e0 (fd 2), res 8, callback 0x4008e6//evsig_cb里面将三个信号事件激活，res为8代表信号
    [debug] event_active: 0x1506570 (fd 2), res 8, callback 0x40090a
    [debug] event_active: 0x1506600 (fd 2), res 8, callback 0x40092e
    //在先激活的事件的回调函数，可以激活一些事件。
    
    
    [debug] event_process_active: event: 0x1506600,   call 0x40092e//处理优先级最高的,在第0号优先队列
    CB3
    [debug] epoll_dispatch: epoll_wait reports 0//为什么此处返回0？ 
    [debug] event_process_active: event: 0x1506570,   call 0x40090a//处理优先级第二高的,在第1号优先队列
    CB2
    [debug] epoll_dispatch: epoll_wait reports 0
    [debug] event_process_active: event: 0x15064e0,   call 0x4008e6//处理优先级第三高的 在第2号优先队列
    CB1
    Hangup//用户发送SIGHUB信号终止Libevent

**strace追踪的output.txt：**

execve("./Libevent_client", ["./Libevent_client"], [/* 63 vars */]) = 0
    brk(NULL)                               = 0x1506000
    access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/tls/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    stat("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/tls/x86_64", 0x7ffe290072f0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/tls/libevent-2.0.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    stat("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/tls", 0x7ffe290072f0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/x86_64/libevent-2.0.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    stat("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/x86_64", 0x7ffe290072f0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    stat("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=20480, ...}) = 0
    open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=95323, ...}) = 0
    mmap(NULL, 95323, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f813cd72000
    close(3)                                = 0
    access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
    read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\340\312\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=421888, ...}) = 0
    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813cd71000
    mmap(NULL, 2458928, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f813c90c000
    mprotect(0x7f813c962000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
    mmap(0x7f813cb62000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x56000) = 0x7f813cb62000
    mmap(0x7f813cb64000, 1328, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813cb64000
    close(3)                                = 0
    open("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
    read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
    mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f813c542000
    mprotect(0x7f813c702000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
    mmap(0x7f813c902000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c0000) = 0x7f813c902000
    mmap(0x7f813c908000, 14752, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813c908000
    close(3)                                = 0
    open("/home/wangjun/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64/lib/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
    open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
    read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\260`\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=138696, ...}) = 0
    mmap(NULL, 2212904, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f813c325000
    mprotect(0x7f813c33d000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
    mmap(0x7f813c53c000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x17000) = 0x7f813c53c000
    mmap(0x7f813c53e000, 13352, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813c53e000
    close(3)                                = 0
    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813cd70000
    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813cd6f000
    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f813cd6e000
    arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f813cd6f700) = 0
    mprotect(0x7f813c902000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
    mprotect(0x7f813c53c000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
    mprotect(0x7f813cb62000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
    mprotect(0x600000, 4096, PROT_READ)     = 0
    mprotect(0x7f813cd8a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
    munmap(0x7f813cd72000, 95323)           = 0
    set_tid_address(0x7f813cd6f9d0)         = 6847
    set_robust_list(0x7f813cd6f9e0, 24)     = 0
    rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {
       0x7f813c32ab50, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f813c336390}, NULL, 8) = 0
    rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {
       0x7f813c32abe0, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f813c336390}, NULL, 8) = 0
    rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0
    getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}) = 0
    brk(NULL)                               = 0x1506000
    brk(0x1527000)                          = 0x1527000
    getuid()                                = 1000
    geteuid()                               = 1000
    getgid()                                = 1000
    getegid()                               = 1000
    epoll_create(32000)                     = 3
    fcntl(3, F_GETFD)                       = 0
    fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
    getuid()                                = 1000
    geteuid()                               = 1000
    getgid()                                = 1000
    getegid()                               = 1000
    socketpair(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, [4, 5]) = 0
    fcntl(4, F_GETFD)                       = 0
    fcntl(4, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
    fcntl(5, F_GETFD)                       = 0
    fcntl(5, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
    fcntl(4, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)
    fcntl(4, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)    = 0
    fcntl(5, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)
    fcntl(5, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)    = 0
    getuid()                                = 1000
    geteuid()                               = 1000
    getgid()                                = 1000
    getegid()                               = 1000
    write(2, "[debug] event_add: event: 0x1506"..., 61) = 61
    write(2, "[debug] evsig_add: 2: changing s"..., 46) = 46
    write(2, "[debug] _evsig_set_handler: evsi"..., 69) = 69
    rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {
       0x7f813c93a321, ~[RTMIN RT_1], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, 0x7f813c5774b0}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
    write(2, "[debug] event_add: event: 0x1506"..., 74) = 74
    epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 5, {EPOLLIN, {u32=5, u64=5}}) = 0//往epoll加入sockpair[1]监听读
    write(2, "[debug] Epoll ADD(1) on fd 5 oka"..., 94) = 94
    write(2, "[debug] event_add: event: 0x1506"..., 61) = 61
    write(2, "[debug] event_add: event: 0x1506"..., 61) = 61//写往标准输出
    
    epoll_wait(3, 0x15062f0, 32, -1)        = -1 EINTR (Interrupted system call)//epoll_wait第一次返回，因为用户的SIGINT
    --- SIGINT {si_signo=SIGINT, si_code=SI_USER, si_pid=6776, si_uid=1000} ---
    
    sendto(4, "\2", 1, 0, NULL, 0)          = 1//调用evsig_handler往pair[0]写入2
    
    rt_sigreturn({mask=[]})                 = -1 EINTR (Interrupted system call)
    
    
    /*
    epoll_wait第二次返回1，表示用户的SIGINT已经来了，然后在epoll_wait里面将evsig_cb加入就绪事件。
    然后执行event_process_active执行就绪优先级最高的事件，也就是执行evsig_cb。evsig_cb从pair[1]中读出所有
    信号值，然后将信号值对应的所有事件加入就绪队列。
    */
    epoll_wait(3, [{EPOLLIN, {u32=5, u64=5}}], 32, -1) = 1//因为pair[0]写入，导致pair[1]可读，因此epoll_wait返回1
    
    write(2, "[debug] epoll_dispatch: epoll_wa"..., 45) = 45//libevent的调试代码，写入标准客户端
    write(2, "[debug] event_active: 0x1506068 "..., 71) = 71
    write(2, "[debug] event_process_active: ev"..., 77) = 77
    
    recvfrom(5, "\2", 1024, 0, NULL, NULL)  = 1//处理pair[1]可读事件的回调函数evsig_cb。
    recvfrom(5, 0x7f813cb64120, 1024, 0, NULL, NULL) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
    /*
    因为pair[1]是非阻塞的，要确保将pair[1]缓冲区所有数据读出，必须通过while(1)调用，确保返回错误并且错误码是EINTR或EAGAIN或EWOULDBLOCK才保证好数据读完。
    这里返回了EAGAIN，所以数据已经读完了。
    这里就是阻塞和非阻塞调用recvfrom的区别。
    */
    
    write(2, "[debug] event_active: 0x15064e0 "..., 65) = 65//调用evmap_signal_active，将信号对应的事件加入就绪队列
    write(2, "[debug] event_active: 0x1506570 "..., 65) = 65
    write(2, "[debug] event_active: 0x1506600 "..., 65) = 65
    
    write(2, "[debug] event_process_active: ev"..., 64) = 64//执行信号优先级最高的回调函数。
    fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
    write(1, "CB3\n", 4)                    = 4//执行完毕
    
    epoll_wait(3, [], 32, 0)                = 0
    write(2, "[debug] epoll_dispatch: epoll_wa"..., 45) = 45
    write(2, "[debug] event_process_active: ev"..., 64) = 64
    write(1, "CB2\n", 4)                    = 4
    epoll_wait(3, [], 32, 0)                = 0
    write(2, "[debug] epoll_dispatch: epoll_wa"..., 45) = 45
    write(2, "[debug] event_process_active: ev"..., 64) = 64
    write(1, "CB1\n", 4)                    = 4
    epoll_wait(3, 0x15062f0, 32, -1)        = -1 EINTR (Interrupted system call)//阻塞于此，直到用户键入SIGHUP信号
    --- SIGHUP {si_signo=SIGHUP, si_code=SI_USER, si_pid=6776, si_uid=1000} ---
    +++ killed by SIGHUP +++ //strace提示由于接受SIGHUB信号结束进程。

## event\_base里面两个成员变量 ##

//event-internal.h文件  
    struct event_base {  
        /** Function pointers used to describe the backend that this event_base
         * uses for signals */
         //执行用户添加和删除信号的内部调用函数
        const struct eventop *evsigsel; 
        /*
        sig里面包含socketpair[1]读事件，以及注册信号时候需要用到的结构体
        sigaction(evsignal, &sa, sig->sh_old[evsignal])中需要用到的struct sigaction，来存储信号先前注册过得回调函数，用户删除自己信号后恢复原来处理操作。看APUE可以清楚此过程。
    */ 
        struct evsig_info sig;  
        ...  
    
    //用户注册信号事件的链表，保存全部信号
        struct event_signal_map sigmap;  
        ...  
    };

static const struct eventop evsigops = {
       //处理信号的IO复用
        "signal",
        NULL,
        evsig_add,//添加信号 函数指针
        evsig_del,//移除信号 函数指针操作
        NULL,
        NULL,
        0, 0, 0
    };
    struct evsig_info {
        /* Event watching ev_signal_pair[1] */
        struct event ev_signal;//内部事件，在信号第一次注册时候，会加入epoll
        /* Socketpair used to send notifications from the signal handler */
        evutil_socket_t ev_signal_pair[2];//保存socketpair
        /* True iff we've added the ev_signal event yet. */
        int ev_signal_added;//标记ev_signal是否已经添加epoll
        /* Count of the number of signals we're currently watching. */
        int ev_n_signals_added;//记录多少个信号被添加
    
        /* Array of previous signal handler objects before Libevent started * messing with them. Used to restore old signal handlers. * 保存sigaction之前的回调函数。对于一个信号仅仅需要一个struct sigaction保存先前配置，而Linux信号总共32个，所以这里将sh_old_max设定为32个比较好。sh_old执向一个指针数组，指针数组里面的成员指向一个struct sigaction。所以可以通过sh_old及sh_old_max管理全部的struct sigaction。这里设计很聪明。 */
        struct sigaction **sh_old;
        //保存的是捕抓函数的函数指针，又因为是数组。所以是二级指针
        /* Size of sh_old. */
        int sh_old_max;
    };

和信号处理有关的结构体就是上面，那么Libevent如何做到上述示意图的统一信号源处理。

## 初始化工作 ##

在`event.c`里面会调用`base->evbase = base->evsel->init(base);`初始化`epoll`。

static void *
    epoll_init(struct event_base *base)
    {
        int epfd;
        struct epollop *epollop;
    
        /* Initialize the kernel queue. (The size field is ignored since * 2.6.8.) */
        if ((epfd = epoll_create(32000)) == -1) {
       //1、如果返回-1，则出错，2、查看错误码，是什么错误。这是判断套路
            if (errno != ENOSYS)
                event_warn("epoll_create");
            return (NULL);
        }
    
        //将epoll实例文件描述符 设为FD_CLOEXEC属性，也就是程序exec即关闭文件描述符 
        evutil_make_socket_closeonexec(epfd);
    
        if (!(epollop = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct epollop)))) {
       //分配epollop内存
            close(epfd);
            return (NULL);
        }
    
        epollop->epfd = epfd;//记录epfd实例文件描述符
    
        /* Initialize fields */
        epollop->events = mm_calloc(INITIAL_NEVENT, sizeof(struct epoll_event));//分配32个用于设定fd对应的感兴趣事件结构体
        if (epollop->events == NULL) {
       //出错，则释放内存
            mm_free(epollop);
            close(epfd);
            return (NULL);
        }
        epollop->nevents = INITIAL_NEVENT;//32个
    
    
        //我们暂不考虑changelist 
        if ((base->flags & EVENT_BASE_FLAG_EPOLL_USE_CHANGELIST) != 0 ||
            ((base->flags & EVENT_BASE_FLAG_IGNORE_ENV) == 0 &&
            evutil_getenv("EVENT_EPOLL_USE_CHANGELIST") != NULL))
            base->evsel = &epollops_changelist;
    
        //建立UNIX套接字（非阻塞），用于UNIX信号响应，
        //初始化sockpair[1]读端 
        //sockpair[2]写端 
        evsig_init(base);
    
        return (epollop);//返回初始化epoll相关的结构体，为后续使用做准备，这个地址存储在event_base.evbase中
    }

从上面可以看到`epoll`调用了`evsig_init`函数初始化Unix域套接字。

//创建socketpair并将socketpair的一个读端与ev_signal相关联
    int
    evsig_init(struct event_base *base)
    {
        /*
         * Our signal handler is going to write to one end of the socket
         * pair to wake up our event loop.  The event loop then scans for
         * signals that got delivered.
         */
        if (evutil_socketpair(
                AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, base->sig.ev_signal_pair) == -1) {
    #ifdef WIN32
            /* Make this nonfatal on win32, where sometimes people
               have localhost firewalled. */
            event_sock_warn(-1, "%s: socketpair", __func__);
    #else
            event_sock_err(1, -1, "%s: socketpair", __func__);
    #endif
            return -1;
        }
    
        //子进程不能访问该socketpair 
        evutil_make_socket_closeonexec(base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0]);
        evutil_make_socket_closeonexec(base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1]);
        base->sig.sh_old = NULL;
        base->sig.sh_old_max = 0;
    
        evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0]);
        evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1]);
    
    
        //将ev_signal_pair[1]与ev_signal这个event相关联。ev_signal_pair[1]为读端 
    
        //在ev_signal_pair[1]上新建一个监听事件，sig.ev_signal内存以及分配了。
        event_assign(&base->sig.ev_signal, base, base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1],
            EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, evsig_cb, base);
        //当socketpair[1]可读，那么调用evsig_cb处理
    
        base->sig.ev_signal.ev_flags |= EVLIST_INTERNAL;//事件设定为内部使用。
        event_priority_set(&base->sig.ev_signal, 0);
        //ev_signal优先集最高，最先被执行，evsig_cb将已经发生的信号的回调函数加入到就绪队列
    
        base->evsigsel = &evsigops;//专门处理信号的IO复用变量
    
        return 0;
    }

首先创建一个套接字，`fd[0]`用于写，`fd[1]`用于读。通过`event_assign`将`fd[1]`的读事件`ev_signal`初始化，这里注意其优先级为最高优先级0。其次属性为`EV_PERSIST`，所以epoll会一直监听，不会取消。  
并将两个文件描述符设定为非阻塞，因为非阻塞，所以`recv`需要在while里面读取，这点后面会有说明。

## event\_new信号事件 ##

`event_new`工作很简单，如果属性设定为`EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST`，那么就通过`event_assign`将其初始化而已。里面添加一些标志位，事件属性等等。

struct event *
    event_new(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void (*cb)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *), void *arg)
    {
        struct event *ev;
        ev = mm_malloc(sizeof(struct event));
        if (ev == NULL)
            return (NULL);
        if (event_assign(ev, base, fd, events, cb, arg) < 0) {
            mm_free(ev);
            return (NULL);
        }
    
        return (ev);
    }
    int
    event_assign(struct event *ev, struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void (*callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *), void *arg)
    {
        if (!base)
            base = current_base;//事件管理器
    
        _event_debug_assert_not_added(ev);
    
        ev->ev_base = base;
    
        ev->ev_callback = callback;//设定事件回调函数
        ev->ev_arg = arg;//设定回调参数
        ev->ev_fd = fd;//设定fd,定时器没有fd则为-1
        ev->ev_events = events;//事件类型，为0是啥意思？
        ev->ev_res = 0;
        ev->ev_flags = EVLIST_INIT;//event信息状态转为初始化标记
        ev->ev_ncalls = 0;
        ev->ev_pncalls = NULL;
    
        if (events & EV_SIGNAL) {
       //检测是否设置错误，信号不支持读和写
            if ((events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE)) != 0) {
                event_warnx("%s: EV_SIGNAL is not compatible with "
                    "EV_READ or EV_WRITE", __func__);
                return -1;
            }
            ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_SIGNAL;
        } else {
       //检测错误
            if (events & EV_PERSIST) {
                evutil_timerclear(&ev->ev_io_timeout);
                ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_PERSIST;
            } else {
                ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_NONE;
            }
        }
    
        min_heap_elem_init(ev);//堆元素索引初始化为-1，也就是没有元素
    
        if (base != NULL) {
            /* by default, we put new events into the middle priority */
            ev->ev_pri = base->nactivequeues / 2;//设定为中间优先级
        }
    
        _event_debug_note_setup(ev);
    
        return 0;
    }

## event\_add信号事件 ##

前面的代码已经完成了“创建socketpair并将socketpair的一个读端与ev\_signal相关联”。接下来看其他的工作。假如要对一个绑定了某个信号的event调用event\_add函数，那么在event\_add的内部会调用event\_add\_internal函数。而event\_add\_internal函数又会调用evmap\_signal\_add函数。

/* 参数：ev：指向要注册的事件； tv：超时时间； 函数将ev注册到ev->ev_base上，事件类型由ev->ev_events指明，如果注册成功，ev 将被插入到已注册链表中,如果tv不是NULL，则会同时注册定时事件，将ev添加到timer 堆上。 如果其中有一步操作失败，那么函数保证没有事件会被注册，可以讲这相当于一个原子 操作。这个函数也体现了libevent细节之处的巧妙设计，且仔细看程序代码，部分有省略， 注释直接附在代码中。 */
    int
    event_add(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv)
    {
        int res;
    
        if (EVUTIL_FAILURE_CHECK(!ev->ev_base)) {
       //必须首先设定ev_base
            event_warnx("%s: event has no event_base set.", __func__);
            return -1;
        }
    
        EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);//为了支持多线程操作
    
        res = event_add_internal(ev, tv, 0);
    
        EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);
    
        return (res);
    }
    static inline int
    event_add_internal(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv,
        int tv_is_absolute)
    {
    .....
    res = evmap_signal_add(base, (int)ev->ev_fd, ev);//加入到信号队列
    .....
    }

int
    evmap_signal_add(struct event_base *base, int sig, struct event *ev)
    {
        const struct eventop *evsel = base->evsigsel;//信号添加函数
        struct event_signal_map *map = &base->sigmap;
        struct evmap_signal *ctx = NULL;//ctx = map->entries[fd] = 双向队列头结点
    
        if (sig >= map->nentries) {
       //sig或fd大于个数，则扩容
            if (evmap_make_space(
                map, sig, sizeof(struct evmap_signal *)) == -1)
                return (-1);
        }
    
        //如果ctx为NULL
        GET_SIGNAL_SLOT_AND_CTOR(ctx, map, sig, evmap_signal, evmap_signal_init,
            base->evsigsel->fdinfo_len);
    
        if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&ctx->events)) {
       //注意 信号回调函数注册一次即可。因为同一个信号可以绑定多个事件，所以回调函数注册一次即可。
            if (evsel->add(base, ev->ev_fd, 0, EV_SIGNAL, NULL)//调用evsig_add，注册一次信号回调函数即可。
                == -1)
                return (-1);
        }//
    
    
        //将所有有相同信号值的event连起来
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ctx->events, ev, ev_signal_next);//将ev，插入尾端
    
        return (1);
    }

上述`evsel->add(base, ev->ev_fd, 0, EV_SIGNAL, NULL)`就是调用了`base->evsigsel`里面的`add`函数，`base->evsigsel`在前面的`evsig_init`里面初始化，所以这里也就是调用`evsig_add`。

static int
    evsig_add(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t evsignal, short old, short events, void *p)
    {
        struct evsig_info *sig = &base->sig;
        (void)p;
    
    
        //NSIG是信号的个数。定义在系统头文件中 
        EVUTIL_ASSERT(evsignal >= 0 && evsignal < NSIG);
    
        /* catch signals if they happen quickly */
        //加锁保护。但实际其锁变量为NULL。所以并没有保护。应该会在以后的版本有所改正 
        //在2.1.4-alpha版本中，就已经改进了这个问题。为锁变量分配了锁 
        EVSIGBASE_LOCK();
    
        //如果有多个event_base，那么捕抓信号这个工作只能由其中一个完成。
        if (evsig_base != base && evsig_base_n_signals_added) {
            event_warnx("Added a signal to event base %p with signals "
                "already added to event_base %p. Only one can have "
                "signals at a time with the %s backend. The base with "
                "the most recently added signal or the most recent "
                "event_base_loop() call gets preference; do "
                "not rely on this behavior in future Libevent versions.",
                base, evsig_base, base->evsel->name);
        }
        evsig_base = base;
        evsig_base_n_signals_added = ++sig->ev_n_signals_added;
        evsig_base_fd = base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0];//写端
        EVSIGBASE_UNLOCK();
    
        event_debug(("%s: %d: changing signal handler", __func__, (int)evsignal));
        if (_evsig_set_handler(base, (int)evsignal, evsig_handler) == -1) {
       //注册信号捕捉函数
            goto err;
        }
    
    
        //event_base第一次监听信号事件。要添加ev_signal也就是sockerpair[1]的读端要加入到event_base中
        if (!sig->ev_signal_added) {
            if (event_add(&sig->ev_signal, NULL))
                goto err;
            sig->ev_signal_added = 1;//标记ev_signal添加到了epoll。
        }
    
        return (0);
    
    err:
        EVSIGBASE_LOCK();
        --evsig_base_n_signals_added;
        --sig->ev_n_signals_added;
        EVSIGBASE_UNLOCK();
        return (-1);
    }

该函数重点是设定信号对应的回调函数`_evsig_set_handler`，以及将`ev_signal`添加到epoll。

int
    _evsig_set_handler(struct event_base *base,
        int evsignal, void (__cdecl *handler)(int))
    {
    
    //如果有sigaction就优先使用之
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SIGACTION
        struct sigaction sa;
    #else
        ev_sighandler_t sh;
    #endif
        struct evsig_info *sig = &base->sig;
        void *p;
    
        /* * resize saved signal handler array up to the highest signal number. * a dynamic array is used to keep footprint on the low side. */
    
        //一个信号对应一个struct sigaction变量。event_base通过sh_old管理所有的struct sigaction变量。
        //数组的一个元素就存放一个信号。信号值等于其下标
        if (evsignal >= sig->sh_old_max) {
       //不够内存。重新分配 struct sigaction*
            int new_max = evsignal + 1;
            event_debug(("%s: evsignal (%d) >= sh_old_max (%d), resizing",
                    __func__, evsignal, sig->sh_old_max));
            p = mm_realloc(sig->sh_old, new_max * sizeof(*sig->sh_old));
            if (p == NULL) {
                event_warn("realloc");
                return (-1);
            }
    
            memset((char *)p + sig->sh_old_max * sizeof(*sig->sh_old),
                0, (new_max - sig->sh_old_max) * sizeof(*sig->sh_old));//新分配的内存区域清0
    
            sig->sh_old_max = new_max;
            sig->sh_old = p;
        }
    
        /* allocate space for previous handler out of dynamic array */
        //注意sh_old是一个二级指针。元素是一个一级指针。为这个一级指针分配内存
        sig->sh_old[evsignal] = mm_malloc(sizeof *sig->sh_old[evsignal]);//struct sigaction变量内存
        if (sig->sh_old[evsignal] == NULL) {
            event_warn("malloc");
            return (-1);
        }
    
        /* save previous handler and setup new handler */
    #ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SIGACTION
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sa_handler = handler;
        sa.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
        sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
    
        if (sigaction(evsignal, &sa, sig->sh_old[evsignal]) == -1) {
       //注册信号，并将先前handler保存在sig->sh_old[evsignal]
            event_warn("sigaction");
            mm_free(sig->sh_old[evsignal]);
            sig->sh_old[evsignal] = NULL;
            return (-1);
        }
    #else
        if ((sh = signal(evsignal, handler)) == SIG_ERR) {
            event_warn("signal");
            mm_free(sig->sh_old[evsignal]);
            sig->sh_old[evsignal] = NULL;
            return (-1);
        }
    
        //signal返回之前的信号捕抓函数，当用户event_del这个信号监听后,就可以恢复了原始值。
        *sig->sh_old[evsignal] = sh;
    #endif
    
        return (0);
    }

`_evsig_set_handler`主要工作就是将`evsig_handler`注册为信号发生时候的处理函数。

//内部使用的信号发送回调函数
    //
    static void __cdecl
    evsig_handler(int sig)
    {
        int save_errno = errno;
    #ifdef WIN32
        int socket_errno = EVUTIL_SOCKET_ERROR();
    #endif
        ev_uint8_t msg;
    
        if (evsig_base == NULL) {
            event_warnx(
                "%s: received signal %d, but have no base configured",
                __func__, sig);
            return;
        }
    
    #ifndef _EVENT_HAVE_SIGACTION
        signal(sig, evsig_handler);
    #endif
    
        /* Wake up our notification mechanism */
        msg = sig;
        send(evsig_base_fd, (char*)&msg, 1, 0);//向socketpair[0]写入信号值
        errno = save_errno;
    #ifdef WIN32
        EVUTIL_SET_SOCKET_ERROR(socket_errno);
    #endif
    }

`evsig_handler`工作很简单，就是在信号发生时候，将往pair\[0\]里面写入对应的信号值，写入之后`ev_signal`事件对应的回调函数将被调用。

/* Callback for when the signal handler write a byte to our signaling socket */
    
    
    //event_base应该已经监听到socketpair可读了，并且会为调用回调函数evsig_cb
    static void
    evsig_cb(evutil_socket_t fd, short what, void *arg)
    {
        static char signals[1024];
        ev_ssize_t n;
        int i;
        int ncaught[NSIG];
        struct event_base *base;
    
        base = arg;
    
        memset(&ncaught, 0, sizeof(ncaught));
    
        while (1) {
            //读取socketpair中的数据。从中可以知道有哪些信号发生了,因为发送过来了信号fd 
            //已经socketpair的读端已经设置为非阻塞的。所以不会被阻塞在 
            //recv函数中。这个循环要把socketpair的所有数据都读取出来 
    
            n = recv(fd, signals, sizeof(signals), 0);//读取所以字节数，一字节对应一个信号发生了
            if (n == -1) {
                int err = evutil_socket_geterror(fd);
                if (! EVUTIL_ERR_RW_RETRIABLE(err))//EINTR和EAGAIN
                    event_sock_err(1, fd, "%s: recv", __func__);
                break;
            } else if (n == 0) {
                /* XXX warn? */
                break;
            }
    
            //遍历数据数组，把每一个字节当作一个信号
            for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                ev_uint8_t sig = signals[i];
                if (sig < NSIG)
                    ncaught[sig]++;//记录该信号发生的次数，
            }
        }
    
        EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
        for (i = 0; i < NSIG; ++i) {
            if (ncaught[i])//有信号发生就为之调用evmap_signal_active
                evmap_signal_active(base, i, ncaught[i]);
        }
        /* evsig_cb这个回调函数并不是用户为监听一个信号调用event_new时设置的用户回调函数. 而是Libevent内部为了处理信号而设置的内部回调函数 */
    
        EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
    }

通过`while(1)`循环读出socketpair\[1\]上的数据，直到`recv`返回`EAGAIN`就可以确保数据读取完毕了。然后通过`evmap_signal_active`将信号值对应的事件链接到就绪队列中。然后就可以执行其对应的回调函数了。  
之处，统一了事件源，将二者组合在一起。

## 激活信号事件 ##

void
    evmap_io_active(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events)
    {
        struct event_io_map *io = &base->io;
        struct evmap_io *ctx;
        struct event *ev;
    
    #ifndef EVMAP_USE_HT
        EVUTIL_ASSERT(fd < io->nentries);
    #endif
        GET_IO_SLOT(ctx, io, fd, evmap_io);//找到fd对应事件链表，的桶子
    
        EVUTIL_ASSERT(ctx);
        TAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &ctx->events, ev_io_next) {
       //将链表里面全部为events的事件，加入到就绪队列。利用事件里面的节点加入链表即可。
            if (ev->ev_events & events)
                event_active_nolock(ev, ev->ev_events & events, 1);
        }
    }

void event_active_nolock(struct event *ev, int res, short ncalls) { struct event_base *base; event_debug(("event_active: %p (fd "EV_SOCK_FMT"), res %d, callback %p", ev, EV_SOCK_ARG(ev->ev_fd), (int)res, ev->ev_callback)); /* We get different kinds of events, add them together */ if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_ACTIVE) { ev->ev_res |= res; return; } base = ev->ev_base; EVENT_BASE_ASSERT_LOCKED(base); ev->ev_res = res; if (ev->ev_pri < base->event_running_priority) base->event_continue = 1; if (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL) { #ifndef _EVENT_DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT if (base->current_event == ev && !EVBASE_IN_THREAD(base)) { ++base->current_event_waiters; EVTHREAD_COND_WAIT(base->current_event_cond, base->th_base_lock); } #endif ev->ev_ncalls = ncalls; ev->ev_pncalls = NULL; } event_queue_insert(base, ev, EVLIST_ACTIVE); if (EVBASE_NEED_NOTIFY(base)) evthread_notify_base(base); }

`evmap_io_active`调用`event_active_nolock`循环将信号上面注册的事件加入到就绪队列。通过evmap\_signal\_active、event\_active\_nolock和event\_queue\_insert这三个函数的调用后，就可以把一个event插入到激活队列了。  
由于这些函数的执行本身就是在Libevent处理event的回调函数之中的(Libevent正在处理内部的信号处理event)。所以并不需要从event\_base\_loop里的while循环里面再次执行一次evsel->dispatch()，才能执行到这次信号event。即无需等到下一次处理激活队列，就可以执行该信号event了。分析如下：  
首先要明确，现在执行上面三个函数相当于在执行event的回调函数。所以其是运行在event\_process\_active函数之中的。

/* * Active events are stored in priority queues. Lower priorities are always * process before higher priorities. Low priority events can starve high * priority ones. */
    
    static int
    event_process_active(struct event_base *base)
    {
        /* Caller must hold th_base_lock */
        struct event_list *activeq = NULL;
        int i, c = 0;
    
    /* for循环是从二级链表中查找一个优先级最高的队列，然后从优先级最高的队列中挑选排在第一个的事件进行处理 */
        for (i = 0; i < base->nactivequeues; ++i) {
            if (TAILQ_FIRST(&base->activequeues[i]) != NULL) {
                base->event_running_priority = i;
                activeq = &base->activequeues[i];
                c = event_process_active_single_queue(base, activeq);
                if (c < 0) {
                    base->event_running_priority = -1;
                    return -1;
                } else if (c > 0)
                    break; /* Processed a real event; do not * consider lower-priority events */
                /* If we get here, all of the events we processed * were internal. Continue. */
            }
        }
    
        event_process_deferred_callbacks(&base->defer_queue,&base->event_break);
        base->event_running_priority = -1;
        return c;
    }

/* Helper for event_process_active to process all the events in a single queue, releasing the lock as we go. This function requires that the lock be held when it's invoked. Returns -1 if we get a signal or an event_break that means we should stop processing any active events now. Otherwise returns the number of non-internal events that we processed. */
    static int
    event_process_active_single_queue(struct event_base *base,
        struct event_list *activeq)
    {
        struct event *ev;
        int count = 0;
    
        EVUTIL_ASSERT(activeq != NULL);
    
    /* 先将就绪事件从激活队列中删除，然后再执行事件里面的回调函数 */
        for (ev = TAILQ_FIRST(activeq); ev; ev = TAILQ_FIRST(activeq)) {
       //注意这里始终从TAILQ_FIRST第一个元素开始取，防止在回调函数里面，激活事件加入到当前就绪队列。
            if (ev->ev_events & EV_PERSIST)
                event_queue_remove(base, ev, EVLIST_ACTIVE);
            else
                event_del_internal(ev);
            if (!(ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_INTERNAL))
                ++count;
    
            event_debug((
                 "event_process_active: event: %p, %s%scall %p",
                ev,
                ev->ev_res & EV_READ ? "EV_READ " : " ",
                ev->ev_res & EV_WRITE ? "EV_WRITE " : " ",
                ev->ev_callback));
    
    #ifndef _EVENT_DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
            base->current_event = ev;
            base->current_event_waiters = 0;
    #endif
    
            switch (ev->ev_closure) {
            case EV_CLOSURE_SIGNAL:
                event_signal_closure(base, ev);
                break;
            case EV_CLOSURE_PERSIST:
                event_persist_closure(base, ev);//执行回调函数
                break;
            default:
            case EV_CLOSURE_NONE:
                EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
                (*ev->ev_callback)(
                    ev->ev_fd, ev->ev_res, ev->ev_arg);
                break;
            }
    
            EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
    #ifndef _EVENT_DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
            base->current_event = NULL;
            if (base->current_event_waiters) {
                base->current_event_waiters = 0;
                EVTHREAD_COND_BROADCAST(base->current_event_cond);
            }
    #endif
    
            if (base->event_break)
                return -1;
            if (base->event_continue)
                break;
        }
        return count;
    }

Libevent在处理内部的那个信号处理event的回调函数时，其实是在event\_process\_active\_single\_queue的一个循环里面。因为Libevent内部的信号处理event的优先级最高优先级，并且在前面的将用户信号event插入到队列(即event\_queue\_insert)，在插入到队列的尾部。所以无论用户的这个信号event的优先级是多少，都是在Libevent的内部信号处理event的后面。所以在遍历上面两个函数的里外两个循环时，肯定会执行到用户的信号event。

## 执行已激活信号event ##

//event.c文件 
    static inline void  
    event_signal_closure(struct event_base *base, struct event *ev)  
    {  
        short ncalls;  
        int should_break;  
    
        /* Allows deletes to work */  
        ncalls = ev->ev_ncalls;  
        if (ncalls != 0)  
            ev->ev_pncalls = &ncalls;  
    
        //while循环里面会调用用户设置的回调函数。该回调函数可能会执行很久 
        //所以要解锁先. 
        EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);  
        //如果该信号发生了多次，那么就需要多次执行回调函数 
        while (ncalls) {  
            ncalls--;  
            ev->ev_ncalls = ncalls;  
            if (ncalls == 0)  
                ev->ev_pncalls = NULL;  
            (*ev->ev_callback)(ev->ev_fd, ev->ev_res, ev->ev_arg);  
    
            EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);  
            //其他线程调用event_base_loopbreak函数中断之 
            should_break = base->event_break;   
            EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);  
    
            if (should_break) {  
                if (ncalls != 0)  
                    ev->ev_pncalls = NULL;  
                return;  
            }  
        }  
    }

可以看到，如果对应的信号发生了多次，那么该信号event的回调函数将被执行多次。

[70]: /images/20220530/0d407529b9f741c0ad4b2b2a63bdfe42.png