基于CentOS 7配置Nginx自启动

你的名字 2022-05-28 04:41 176阅读 0赞

Nginx是广为流行的轻量级Web服务器软件。它开源，短小精悍，简单易用，深受广大互联网企业以及IT运维人员所喜爱。很多时候，我们在生产环境基于编译方式安装Nginx后，Nginx需要手工配置自启动服务，以确保服务器异常宕机后自动重启该服务。以下描述的是基于CentOS 7下来配置自启动服务，供大家参考。

## 一、yum 安装方式Nginx自启动 ##

当前环境
    [root@node142 ~]# more /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
    
    查看是否保护nginx rpm包
    [root@node142 ~]# rpm -qa|grep nginx
    nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
    nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
    nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
    
    查看是否存在相应的服务，如下，有nginx.service
    [root@node142 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx
    nginx.service                              disabled
    
    将其配置为自动
    [root@node142 ~]# systemctl enable nginx.service
    
    查看nginx.service文件
    [root@node142 ~]# more /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
    [Unit]
    Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
    After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
    # Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
    # SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
    # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
    ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid
    ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
    ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
    KillSignal=SIGQUIT
    TimeoutStopSec=5
    KillMode=process
    PrivateTmp=true
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    
    上述配置文件中的内容和官网提供的一模一样
    https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

## 二、编译安装后的自启动配置 ##

由于是编译安装，因此，对于这个自启动的脚本我们需要自行配制。  
具体则是参考上面的链接或者上面给出的nginx.service文件内容。  
然后将其保存为 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service。

看下面的例子

# more /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
    
    # ps -ef|grep nginx
    root    10092 10014  0 16:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
    root    20791    1  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx -c /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf
    nobody  20792 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:44 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20793 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:42 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20794 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:50 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20795 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:44 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20796 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:43 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20797 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:43 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20798 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:37 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20799 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:48 nginx: worker process
    nobody  20800 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:04 nginx: cache manager process
    # 
    
    无相应的rpm包，如下查询，此处为编译安装
    # rpm -qa|grep nginx
    
    也没有添加相应的自启动服务
    # systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx
    
    nginx版本
    # /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
    nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
    
    获取nginx编译模块，然后查看诸如pid，二进制位置并记录以便修改启动文件
    # /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
    nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
    built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) 
    built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
    TLS SNI support enabled
    configure arguments: --prefix=/u01/app/nginx --sbin-path=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx 
    --conf-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/error.log 
    --http-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/access.log --pid-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid 
    --lock-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/client_temp 
    --http-proxy-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/proxy_temp 
    --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/fastcgi_temp 
    --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/scgi_temp
    --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module 
    --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module
    --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module 
    --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module 
    --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module
    --with-file-aio --with-http_spdy_module --with-ipv6
    
    下面我们生成一个新的nginx.service文件
    
    # vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
    
    [Unit]
    Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
    After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    PIDFile=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid
    ExecStartPre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx  -t
    ExecStart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx 
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
    ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
    PrivateTmp=true
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    
    下面我们先手工停止nginx
    # /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
    
    配置自启动
    # systemctl enable nginx.service
    
    使用systemctl工具启动nginx服务
    # systemctl start nginx.service
    
    # systemctl status nginx.service
    ● nginx.service - The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
      Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-03-29 16:37:47 CST; 6s ago
      Process: 10588 ExecStart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 10586 ExecStartPre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Main PID: 10590 (nginx)
      CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
              ├─10590 nginx: master process /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
              ├─10591 nginx: worker process # Author : Leshami
              ├─10592 nginx: worker process # Blog : https://blog.csdn.net/leshami
              ├─10593 nginx: worker process
              ├─10594 nginx: worker process
              ├─10595 nginx: worker process
              ├─10596 nginx: worker process
              ├─10597 nginx: worker process
              ├─10598 nginx: worker process
              ├─10599 nginx: cache manager process
              └─10600 nginx: cache loader process
    
    Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
    Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: the configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Started The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server.

## 三、更多参考 ##

[Linux 6下安装编译安装Nginx][Linux 6_Nginx]  
[CentOS 7下 yum方式安装Nginx][CentOS 7_ yum_Nginx]  
[基于CentOS 7配置Nginx反向代理][CentOS 7_Nginx]  
[基于CentOS 7配置Nginx负载均衡][CentOS 7_Nginx 1]

[Linux 6_Nginx]: http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/details/51324959
[CentOS 7_ yum_Nginx]: https://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612/article/details/78323283
[CentOS 7_Nginx]: https://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612/article/details/78401884
[CentOS 7_Nginx 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612/article/details/78749291