Linux基本配置

小咪咪 2022-05-27 11:45 181阅读 0赞

# Linux基本配置 #

[Linux指令大全][Linux]

## 1、修改主机名 ##

vi    /etc/sysconfig/network

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><p>NETWORKING=yes</p><p>HOSTNAME=<span style="color:#ff6666;">（主机名）</span></p></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 2、修改ip地址 ##

vi     /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-etc0

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><p>DEVICE=eth0</p><p>TYPE=Ethernet</p><p>ONBOOT=<span style="color:#3366ff;">yes</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="color:#000000;">&nbsp;#</span><span style="color:#000000;">是否开机启用</span></p><p>BOOTPROTO=<span style="color:#3366ff;">static</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color:#000000;">#</span><span style="color:#000000;">ip</span><span style="color:#000000;">地址设置为静态</span></p><p><span style="color:#000099;">IPADDR=192.168.217.100</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="color:#000000;">#根据&nbsp;</span><span style="color:#ff0000;">虚拟网路编辑器中的&nbsp; 子网ip</span><span style="color:#000099;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color:#000000;">设置，</span></p><p><span style="color:#3333ff;">NETMASK=255.255.255.0</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="color:#000000;">&nbsp; #子网掩码</span></p><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180419145427492" alt=""><br></p></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3、修改ip地址和主机名的映射关系 ##

vi     /etc/hosts

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><p>127.0.0.1&nbsp;&nbsp; localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4</p><p>::1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6</p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0);font-family:Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:left;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);">192.168.217.100</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; 主机名</span></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 4、关闭iptables，设置开机启动/不启动 ##

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><p>关闭：service iptables stop</p><p>开机启动/不启动：chkconfig iptables on/off</p></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 5、Linux文件系统布局（目录结构） ##

![20180419143326768][]

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><p><span style="color:#ff0000;">约定俗成</span></p><p>bin：存放二进制可执行文件&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; dev：存放设备文件&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>etc：系统配置文件&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;home：普通用户主文档、根目录</p><p>root：超级用户目录&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;lib：公用库</p><p>media：外界媒体（光盘，USB，声卡等）&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;usr：公用软件，第三方软件包</p><p>tmp：存放临时文件&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;var：存放运行时需要改变数据的文件</p><p>lost+found：系统出现问题时，迅速存储一些文件，应急文件夹，一般情况下此文件夹为空</p></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[Linux]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39783244/article/details/80005517
[20180419143326768]: /images/20220527/747cf98a1c2e495396f7612541bd09a7.png