在CentOS 6 64位linux系统中搭建JavaWeb应用运行环境

蔚落 2022-05-27 09:41 58阅读 0赞

## 1、**在linux系统中安装并配置jdk** ##

### **下载jdk\_-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz** ###

我的linux系统是64位的，所以选择下载jdk\_-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz

oracle官网：

[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html][http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_java_javase_downloads_jdk8-downloads-2133151.html]

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### **进入到root用户** ###

\[wangc@localhost local\]$ su -

在linux中新建jdk文件夹

\[root@localhost local\]\#mkdir /usr/local/jdk

放开jdk的权限，使得我们可以利用Xftp来传输文件到虚拟机中

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /usr/local

\[root@localhost local\]\# chmod 777 jdk

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### **将下载好的jdk文件通过Xftp传入到虚拟机中** ###

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将jdk文件拖到右边的/usr/local/jdk目录中，如上图所示

解压jdk文件，先进入到jdk文件夹

\[root@localhost local\]\#cd jdk

\[root@localhost jdk\]\#tar -zxvf jdk1.8.0\_161-linux-x64.tar.gz

### 配置java环境变量 ###

然后在linux系统上配置java的环境变量,在linux上配置java环境变量可以通过修改etc/profile文件,即在profile文件中加入如下参数:

1. JAVA\_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.8.0\_161

2.     CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/tools.jar

3.     PATH=$JAVA\_HOME/bin:$PATH

4.     export JAVA\_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

保存的时候会保存失败，因为这个文件是只读的（read only）

### 放开etc/profile文件的修改权限 ###

这需要我们放开这个文件的权限

步骤：

\[root@localhost jdk\]\# cd /etc

\[root@localhost etc\]\#chmod 777 profile

如下图所示，如果右上角的那把锁消失了，则说明profile文件的权限开放成功

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### **验证jdk是否配置成功** ###

输入命令

\[root@localhost etc\]\# java -version

出现一下内容，则说明jdk配置完成

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## **2、接下来在虚拟机中安装tomcat** ##

官网地址：

[https://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi][https_tomcat.apache.org_download-70.cgi]

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### **在linux中新建tomcat文件夹** ###

\[root@localhost local\]\#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat

将tomcat压缩包通过Xftp拷贝到linux系统的/usr/local/Tomcat中，开放tomcat文件夹的权限并解压tomcat文件

\[root@localhost local\]\#chmod 777 tomcat

\[root@localhost local\]\# cd tomcat

\[root@localhost tomcat\]\# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.85.tar.gz

在linux系统上配置tomcat的环境变量,在linux上配置tomcat环境变量可以通过修改etc/profile文件,即在profile文件中加入如下参数:

1. TOMCAT\_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-7.0.85

2.     CATALINA\_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-7.0.85

3.     CATLINA\_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-7.0.85

4.     export TOMCAT\_HOME  CATALINA\_HOME  CATALINA\_BASH

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将/usr/local/tomcat中的文件夹apache-tomcat-7.0.85改名为tomcat7：

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### **启动tomcat服务器** ###

\[root@localhost tomcat\]\# tomcat7/bin/startup.sh

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在linux系统中通过浏览器访问localhost:8080，如果出现下面页面，说明tomcat服务器配置成功

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### **打开防火墙,**开放8080端口,使外部能访问 ###

\[root@localhost /\]\# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

\[root@localhost /\]\# service iptables save

\[root@localhost /\]\# service iptables restart

在window的浏览器中输入 虚拟机ip:8080就可以访问了

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### **关闭tomcat服务器** ###

\[root@localhost tomcat\]\# tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh

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## **3 安装mysql** ##

### **第一步：下载mysql** ###

\[root@localhost ~\]\# wget [http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86\_64.tar.gz][http_mirrors.sohu.com_mysql_MySQL-5.7_mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz]

或者进入mysql的官方网站：[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]

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向下滚动页面：

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选择Linux-Generic

我的电脑是64位的，所以下载64位的mysql安装包

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1:检查是否本地已经安装了mysql

rpm -qa | grep mysql

2:卸载以前的mysql

rpm \-e 已经存在的MySQL全名

### **第二步：解压文件** ###

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86\_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

**文件名修改为mysql：**

\[root@localhost local\]\# mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86\_64/ mysql

### **第三步：配置启动文件** ###

然后去到mysql的support-files目录下,复制my.cnf到 /etc/my.cnf(mysqld启动时自动读取)

\[root@localhost local\]\# cd mysql/support-files/

\[root@localhost support-files\]\# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? yes

注意：如果你在安装时Linux虚拟机时同时安装了默认的mysql，此时操作以上步骤，终端将会提示你文件已存在是否覆盖，输入yes覆盖即可。

#### **2、配置数据库编码** ####

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# vim /etc/my.cnf

**添加以下内容:**

\[mysql\]default-character-set=utf8

\[mysqld\]default-storage-engine=INNODBcharacter\_set\_server=utf8

也可以直接在虚拟机中修改my.cnf文件，添加上述内容即可（my.cnf文件默认是只读的，需要放开修改权限。命令：

先进入到etc目录：

\[root@localhost support-files\]\# cd /etc

开放文件修改权限：

\[root@localhost etc\]\# chmod 777 my.cnf）

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#### **3、复制mysql.server到/etc/init.d/目录下(目的想实现开机自动执行效果)** ####

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

#### **4、修改/etc/init.d/mysql参数** ####

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# vim /etc/init.d/mysql

**修改以下内容:**

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

也可以直接在虚拟机中修改mysql文件，修改上述内容即可

#### **5、出于安全便利，创建一个操作数据库的专门用户** ####

**建立一个mysql的组:**

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# groupadd mysql

**建立mysql用户，并且把用户放到mysql组:**

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

**给mysql用户设置一个密码:**

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# passwd mysql

**给目录/usr/local/mysql 更改拥有者:**

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

### **第四步：初始化 mysql 的数据库** ###

\[root@localhost support\-files\]\# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

我的电脑中的信息：

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

mysqld: \[Warning\] World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored.

2018-04-16T12:00:46.242558Z 0 \[Warning\] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit\_defaults\_for\_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2018-04-16T12:00:46.520531Z 0 \[Warning\] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2018-04-16T12:00:46.600840Z 0 \[Warning\] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2018-04-16T12:00:46.676048Z 0 \[Warning\] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cc21111b-416d-11e8-adcd-000c2980dbf4.

2018-04-16T12:00:46.680179Z 0 \[Warning\] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid\_executed' cannot be opened.

2018-04-16T12:00:46.685280Z 1 \[Note\] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **dYB=%%Odg2Nf（这是临时密码）**

初始化后会生成一个临时密码 root@localhost:***dYB=%%Odg2Nf***(最好先记录这个临时密码)

#### 2.给数据库加密 ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysql\_ssl\_rsa\_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysql\_ssl\_rsa\_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

mysql\_ssl\_rsa\_setup: \[Warning\] World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored.

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

...+++

.........................................+++

writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'

\-----

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

...........+++

...............................................+++

writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'

\-----

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key

.........+++

...............................................................................+++

writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'

\-----

#### **3.启动mysql** ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysqld\_safe --user=mysql &

#### **4.检查mysql是否启动** ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ps -ef|grep mysql

**发现有进程便代表启动成功。**

### **第五步：进入客户端** ###

#### **1.登录:** ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysql -uroot -p

或mysql -u root -p

Enter password:这里输入之前的临时密码，即**dYB=%%Odg2Nf**

#### **2.修改密码** ####

mysql> set password=password('新密码');

这里我将新密码改为123456，命令即为set password=password('123456');

### **第六步：设置远程访问** ###

##### **1:开放mysql的默认端口3306，使外界可以正常访问:** #####

**在CentOS6中输入的命令如下：**

\[root@localhost /\]\# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

或iptables -A INPUT \-p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

保存设置

\[root@localhost /\]\# service iptables save

重启生效

\[root@localhost /\]\# service iptables restart

查看规则链

\[root@localhost /\]iptables -L -n

** **

**在CentOS7中输入的命令如下：**

\[root@localhost bin\]\# firewall\-cmd \--zone=public \--add\-port=3306/tcp \--permanentsuccess

\[root@localhost bin\]\# firewall\-cmd \--reloadsuccess

#### **2:设置mysql的远程访问** ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# mysql -u root -p

mysql: \[Warning\] World-writable config file '/etc/my.cnf' is ignored.  
Enter password:   
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.  
Your MySQL connection id is 9  
Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)  
  
  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  
  
  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  
owners.

**设置远程访问账号:grant all privileges on *.* to 远程访问用户名@’%’ identified by ‘用户密码’;**

mysql> grant all privileges on \*.\* to root@'%' identified by '123456';

**刷新:**

mysql> flush privileges;

### **第七步：设置开机自启动** ###

#### **1、添加服务mysql** ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# chkconfig --add mysql

#### **2、设置mysql服务为自启动** ####

\[root@localhost bin\]\# chkconfig mysql on

### **第八步：配置环境变量** ###

\[root@localhost ~\]\# vim /etc/profile

然后我们先按“I”，即切换到插入状态。通过上下左右移动光标，或空格、退格及回车等进行编辑内容

**最后一行添加:**

export PATH=$JAVA\_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

编辑好之后 按esc键 然后按:wq 回车  保存退出

**使修改生效:**

\[root@localhost ~\]\# source /etc/profile

也可以在profile文件中直接添加上述信息

或者输入命令：

echo 'export PATH=$JAVA\_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile

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至此,mysql5.7的安装就完成了!!!

[http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_java_javase_downloads_jdk8-downloads-2133151.html]: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
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[https_tomcat.apache.org_download-70.cgi]: https://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi
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[http_mirrors.sohu.com_mysql_MySQL-5.7_mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz]: http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
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