linux yum 命令

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-05-26 11:15 231阅读 0赞

# linux yum 命令 #

yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。

基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。

yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。

### yum 语法 ###

yum [options] [command] [package ...][options] [command] [package ...]

*  options：可选，选项包括-h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
 *  command：要进行的操作。
 *  package操作的对象。

--------------------

## yum常用命令 ##

*  1.列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
 *  2.更新所有软件命令：yum update
 *  3.仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install <package\_name>
 *  4.仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update <package\_name>
 *  5.列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list
 *  6.删除软件包命令：yum remove <package\_name>
 *  7.查找软件包 命令：yum search <keyword>
 *  8.清除缓存命令:
    
     *  yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
     *  yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
     *  yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
     *  yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers

### 实例 1 ###

安装 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel
    Setting up Install Process
    Parsing package install arguments
    Resolving Dependencies  <==先检查软件的属性相依问题
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
    --> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
    filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 1.6 MB    00:05
    filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 138 kB    00:00
    -> Finished Dependency Resolution
    ……(省略)root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel
    Setting up Install Process
    Parsing package install arguments
    Resolving Dependencies  <==先检查软件的属性相依问题
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
    --> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
    filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 1.6 MB    00:05
    filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 138 kB    00:00
    -> Finished Dependency Resolution
    ……(省略)

### 实例 2 ###

移除 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
    Setting up Remove Process
    Resolving Dependencies  <==同样的，先解决属性相依的问题
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =============================================================================
     Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
    =============================================================================
    Removing:
     pam-devel               i386       0.99.6.2-4.el5   installed         495 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =============================================================================
    Install      0 Package(s)
    Update       0 Package(s)
    Remove       1 Package(s)  <==还好，并没有属性相依的问题，单纯移除一个软件
    
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Downloading Packages:
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Finished Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
      Erasing   : pam-devel                    ######################### [1/1]
    
    Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
    Complete!root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
    Setting up Remove Process
    Resolving Dependencies  <==同样的，先解决属性相依的问题
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =============================================================================
     Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
    =============================================================================
    Removing:
     pam-devel               i386       0.99.6.2-4.el5   installed         495 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =============================================================================
    Install      0 Package(s)
    Update       0 Package(s)
    Remove       1 Package(s)  <==还好，并没有属性相依的问题，单纯移除一个软件
    
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Downloading Packages:
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Finished Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
      Erasing   : pam-devel                    ######################### [1/1]
    
    Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
    Complete!

### 实例 3 ###

利用 yum 的功能，找出以 pam 为开头的软件名称有哪些？

[root@www ~]# yum list pam*
    Installed Packages
    pam.i386                  0.99.6.2-3.27.el5      installed
    pam_ccreds.i386           3-5                    installed
    pam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-1               installed
    pam_passwdqc.i386         1.0.2-1.2.2            installed
    pam_pkcs11.i386           0.5.3-23               installed
    pam_smb.i386              1.1.7-7.2.1            installed
    Available Packages <==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的
    pam.i386                  0.99.6.2-4.el5         base
    pam-devel.i386            0.99.6.2-4.el5         base
    pam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-10              baseroot@www ~]# yum list pam*
    Installed Packages
    pam.i386                  0.99.6.2-3.27.el5      installed
    pam_ccreds.i386           3-5                    installed
    pam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-1               installed
    pam_passwdqc.i386         1.0.2-1.2.2            installed
    pam_pkcs11.i386           0.5.3-23               installed
    pam_smb.i386              1.1.7-7.2.1            installed
    Available Packages <==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的
    pam.i386                  0.99.6.2-4.el5         base
    pam-devel.i386            0.99.6.2-4.el5         base
    pam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-10              base

--------------------

## 国内 yum 源 ##

网易（163）yum源是国内最好的yum源之一 ，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错。

将yum源设置为163 yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。

### 安装步骤 ###

首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下载对应版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前请做好相应备份)

*  [CentOS5][] ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
 *  [CentOS6][] ：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

运行以下命令生成缓存

yum clean all
    yum makecache

除了网易之外，国内还有其他不错的yum源，比如中科大和搜狐。

中科大的yum源，安装方法查看：[https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos][https_lug.ustc.edu.cn_wiki_mirrors_help_centos]

sohu的yum源安装方法查看: [http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.html][http_mirrors.sohu.com_help_centos.html]

# #

1 篇笔记

1.     li1121567428
    
      li1\*\*\*567428@live.com
    
    配置本地Yum仓库
    
    实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
    
    步骤一：搭建一个本地Yum，将RHEL6光盘手动挂载到/media
    
    命令操作如下所示：
    
        [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
        mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
        [root@localhost ~]# mount | tail -1
        /dev/sr0 on /media type iso9660 (ro)root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/
        mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
        [root@localhost ~]# mount | tail -1
        /dev/sr0 on /media type iso9660 (ro)
    
    步骤二：将本地设置为客户端，进行Yum验证
    
    Yum客户端需编辑配置文件，命令操作如下所示：
    
        [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/         //必须在这个路径下
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls                  //此路径下事先有配置文件的模板
        rhel-source.repo
        
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-source.repo rhel6.repo //配置文件必须以.repo结尾
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim rhel6.repo
        [rhel-6]                                     //中括号里内容要求唯一，但不要出现特殊字符
        name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6           //此为描述信息，可以看情况填写
        baseurl=file:///media/ //此项为yum软件仓库位置，指向光盘挂载点
        enabled=1                                   //此项为是否开启，1为开启0为不开启
        gpgcheck=1                                  //此项为是否检查签名，1为监测0为不检测
        gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release //签名认证信息的路径
        
        [root@localhost /]# yum repolist
        Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
        This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
        rhel-6                                            | 3.9 kB     00:00 ... 
        rhel-6/primary_db                                  | 3.1 MB     00:00 ... 
        repo id             repo name                                     status
        rhel-6              Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6                    3,690
        repolist: 3,690root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/         //必须在这个路径下
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls                  //此路径下事先有配置文件的模板
        rhel-source.repo
        
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-source.repo rhel6.repo //配置文件必须以.repo结尾
        [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim rhel6.repo
        [rhel-6]                                     //中括号里内容要求唯一，但不要出现特殊字符
        name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6           //此为描述信息，可以看情况填写
        baseurl=file:///media/                     //此项为yum软件仓库位置，指向光盘挂载点
        enabled=1                                   //此项为是否开启，1为开启0为不开启
        gpgcheck=1                                  //此项为是否检查签名，1为监测0为不检测
        gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release  //签名认证信息的路径
        
        [root@localhost /]# yum repolist
        Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
        This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
        rhel-6                                            | 3.9 kB     00:00 ... 
        rhel-6/primary_db                                  | 3.1 MB     00:00 ... 
        repo id             repo name                                     status
        rhel-6              Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6                    3,690
        repolist: 3,690

[CentOS5]: http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
[CentOS6]: http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
[https_lug.ustc.edu.cn_wiki_mirrors_help_centos]: https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos
[http_mirrors.sohu.com_help_centos.html]: http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.html