linux centos7 服务管理命令:systemctl和service和chkconfig区别

川长思鸟来 2022-05-26 01:26 412阅读 0赞

引用：https://blog.csdn.net/wangganggelian/article/details/49848225

https://blog.csdn.net/cds86333774/article/details/51165361

# linux centos7 服务管理命令:systemctl和service和chkconfig区别    #

# 1 service #

service命令用于对系统服务进行管理，比如启动（start）、停止（stop）、重启（restart）、重新加载配置（reload）、查看状态（status）等。

# 2 chkconfig #

## 老版本的使用说明：管理自启动 ##

chkconfig

提供了一个维护/etc/rc\[0~6\] d 文件夹的命令行工具，它减轻了系统直接管理这些文件夹中的符号连接的负担。chkconfig主要包括5个原始功能：为系统管理增加新的服务、为系统管理移除服务、列出单签服务的启动信息、改变服务的启动信息和检查特殊服务的启动状态。当单独运行chkconfig命令而不加任何参数时，他将显示服务的使用信息。

**必要参数**  
–add 开启指定的服务程序  
–del 关闭指定的服务程序  
–list 列出chkconfig所知道的所有服务

**选择参数**  
–level<代号> 设置服务程序的等级代号，它是一串0~7的数字，如“-level35”代表指定运行等级3和5  
–help 显示帮助信息  
–version 显示版本信息

# 3 systemctl #

我们可以把systemctl理解为systemd的一个工具。也可以认为systemctl命令将service和chkconfig命令结合在了一起。总之，需要的时候会用就行。下面我们来看一些常见用法。

## 列出所有可用单元 ##

# systemctl list-unit-files

## 列出所有运行中单元 ##

# systemctl list-units

## 列出所有失败的单元 ##

[root@master ~]# systemctl --failed
    0 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
    To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
    [root@master ~]#

## 检查某个单元是否启用 ##

[root@master ~]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld.service
    disabled
    [root@master ~]#

## 查看某个服务（单元）的状态 ##

![这里写图片描述][20160415234636521]

[root@master ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
    ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: inactive (dead)

## \*启动、重启、停止、重载服务 ##

# systemctl start httpd.service
    # systemctl restart httpd.service
    # systemctl stop httpd.service
    # systemctl reload httpd.service
    # systemctl status httpd.service

--------------------

## \*激活/禁止自动启动 ##

# systemctl enable httpd.service
    # systemctl disable httpd.service

--------------------

## \*杀死服务 ##

# systemctl kill httpd

## 使用Systemctl控制并管理挂载点： ##

systemctl list-unit-files --type=mount
    
    # systemctl start tmp.mount
    # systemctl stop tmp.mount
    # systemctl restart tmp.mount
    # systemctl reload tmp.mount
    # systemctl status tmp.mount
    
    # systemctl is-active tmp.mount
    # systemctl enable tmp.mount
    # systemctl disable tmp.mount
    
    # systemctl mask tmp.mount

## 使用Systemctl控制并管理套接口 ##

# systemctl list-unit-files --type=socket
    
    # systemctl start cups.socket
    # systemctl restart cups.socket
    # systemctl stop cups.socket
    # systemctl reload cups.socket
    # systemctl status cups.socket
    
    # systemctl is-active cups.socket
    # systemctl enable cups.socket
    # systemctl disable cups.socket
    
    # systemctl mask cups.socket

## 使用Systemctl管理服务的CPU利用率 ##

# systemctl show -p CPUShares httpd.service
    
    # systemctl set-property httpd.service CPUShares=2000
    # systemctl show -p CPUShares httpd.service
    
    # systemctl show httpd

## 其他 ##

# systemd-analyze critical-chain httpd.service
    
    # systemctl list-dependencies httpd.service
    
    # systemd-cgls
    # systemd-cgtop
    
    # systemctl emergency
    
    # systemctl reboot
    # systemctl halt
    # systemctl suspend
    # systemctl hibernate
    # systemctl hybrid-sleep

启动防火墙——systemctl start firewalld.service

停止防火墙——systemctl stop firewalld.service

查看firewalld防火墙状态——firewall-cmd --state

禁止防火墙开机启动——systemctl disable firewalld.service

列出正在运行的服务状态——systemctl

启动一个服务——`systemctl start postfix.service`

`关闭一个服务——systemctl stop postfix.service`

`重启一个服务：——systemctl restart postfix.service`

`显示一个服务的状态——systemctl status postfix.service`

`在开机时启用一个服务——systemctl enable postfix.service`

`在开机时禁用一个服务——systemctl disable postfix.service`

`查看服务是否开机启动——systemctl is-enabled postfix.service`