python中glob库的用法

落日映苍穹つ 2022-05-25 05:58 232阅读 0赞

官方解释如下：

[https://docs.python.org/2/library/glob.html][https_docs.python.org_2_library_glob.html]

The glob module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned in arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but \*, ?, and character ranges expressed with \[\] will be correctly matched. This is done by using the os.listdir() and fnmatch.fnmatch() functions in concert, and not by actually invoking a subshell. Note that unlike fnmatch.fnmatch(), glob treats filenames beginning with a dot (.) as special cases. (For tilde and shell variable expansion, use os.path.expanduser() and os.path.expandvars().)  
翻一下大概是这个意思：  
glob模块查找匹配特定表达式的所有路径名，哪怕结果返回任意次，Unix shell中的查找规则与表达式规则一样。不支持波形扩展符号，仅使用“\*”和“？”，如果表达式使用“\[\]”就不行完全匹配。这是通过一起使用os.listdir()和fnmatch.fnmatch()函数来完成的，而不是通过实际调用子shell来完成的。 请注意，与fnmatch.fnmatch()不同，glob将以点（.）开头的文件名视为特殊情况。 （对于波形和shell变量扩展，请使用os.path.expanduser()和os.path.expandvars()。）

”\*”匹配0个或多个字符；”?”匹配单个字符；”\[\]”匹配指定范围内的字符，如：\[0-9\]匹配数字。

For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. For example, ‘\[?\]’ matches the character ‘?’.  
对于文字匹配，将元字符括在括号中。 例如，’\[？\]’匹配字符’？’。  
glob.glob(pathname)  
Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match pathname, which must be a string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute (like /usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile) or relative (like ../../Tools/*/*.gif), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell).

返回匹配路径名的可能为空的路径名列表，该列表必须是包含路径规范的字符串。 路径名可以是绝对的（如/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile）或相对的（如../../Tools/*/*.gif），并且可以包含shell风格的通配符。 结果中包含损坏的符号链接（如在shell中）。

glob.iglob(pathname)  
Return an iterator which yields the same values as glob() without actually storing them all simultaneously.

返回一个产生与glob（）相同的值的迭代器，而不实际同时全部存储它们。

For example, consider a directory containing only the following files: 1.gif, 2.txt, and card.gif. glob() will produce the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are preserved.

例如，考虑只包含以下文件的目录：1.gif，2.txt和card.gif。 glob()将产生以下结果。 注意如何保留路径的任何主要组件。

>>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
    ['./1.gif', './2.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['1.gif', 'card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('?.gif')
    ['1.gif']

If the directory contains files starting with . they won’t be matched by default. For example, consider a directory containing card.gif and .card.gif:

如果目录中包含以”.”开头的文件。 他们将不会被默认匹配。 例如，考虑一个包含card.gif和.card.gif的目录：

>>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('.c*')
    ['.card.gif']

我自己的例子

print glob.glob(r"C:/Users/Public/*/*/*.jpg")
    f = glob.iglob(r'*.py')#当前目录所有py文件，与glob区别，iglob每次只获取一个匹配路径
    for py in f:
        print py

运行结果如下：

['C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Chrysanthemum.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Desert.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Hydrangeas.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Jellyfish.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Koala.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Lighthouse.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Penguins.jpg', 'C:/Users/Public/Pictures\\Sample Pictures\\Tulips.jpg']
    imagestudy.py
    login-variables.py
    LyhLibrary.py
    mylibrary.py
    practice.py
    Test.py
    zhlibrary.py
    __init__.py
    __init__mylibrary.py

[https_docs.python.org_2_library_glob.html]: https://docs.python.org/2/library/glob.html