docker常用命令总结

秒速五厘米 2022-05-25 05:30 222阅读 0赞

docker 客户端的命令十分简单,我们输入 `docker`就可以查看所有可用的命令:

ig:~ itguang$ docker
    
    Usage:  docker COMMAND
    
    A self-sufficient runtime for containers
    
    Options:
          --config string      Location of client config files (default "/Users/itguang/.docker")
      -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
      -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
      -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
          --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
          --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/Users/itguang/.docker/ca.pem")
          --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/Users/itguang/.docker/cert.pem")
          --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/Users/itguang/.docker/key.pem")
          --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
      -v, --version            Print version information and quit
    
    Management Commands:
      checkpoint  Manage checkpoints
      config      Manage Docker configs
      container   Manage containers
      image       Manage images
      network     Manage networks
      node        Manage Swarm nodes
      plugin      Manage plugins
      secret      Manage Docker secrets
      service     Manage services
      swarm       Manage Swarm
      system      Manage Docker
      trust       Manage trust on Docker images
      volume      Manage volumes
    
    Commands:
      attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
      cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
      create      Create a new container
      deploy      Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
      diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
      events      Get real time events from the server
      exec        Run a command in a running container
      export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
      history     Show the history of an image
      images      List images
      import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
      info        Display system-wide information
      inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
      kill        Kill one or more running containers
      load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
      login       Log in to a Docker registry
      logout      Log out from a Docker registry
      logs        Fetch the logs of a container
      pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
      port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
      ps          List containers
      pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
      push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
      rename      Rename a container
      restart     Restart one or more containers
      rm          Remove one or more containers
      rmi         Remove one or more images
      run         Run a command in a new container
      save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
      search      Search the Docker Hub for images
      start       Start one or more stopped containers
      stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
      stop        Stop one or more running containers
      tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
      top         Display the running processes of a container
      unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
      update      Update configuration of one or more containers
      version     Show the Docker version information
      wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
    
    Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
    ig:~ itguang$

可以通过 `docker command --help`命令深入了解指定docker命令的使用方法.

例如我们要查看docker image命令的使用方法:可以使用 `docker image --help`命令查看它的用法

ig:~ itguang$ docker image --help
    
    Usage:  docker image COMMAND
    
    Manage images
    
    Options:
    
    
    Commands:
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      history     Show the history of an image
      import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
      inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
      load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
      ls          List images
      prune       Remove unused images
      pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
      push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
      rm          Remove one or more images
      save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
      tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
    
    Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

# 镜像篇 #

我们先使用 `docker images --help` 查看下有哪些命令可以使用

ig:webapp itguang$ docker image --help
    
    Usage:  docker image COMMAND
    
    Manage images
    
    Options:
    
    
    Commands:
      build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
      history     Show the history of an image
      import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
      inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
      load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
      ls          List images
      prune       Remove unused images
      pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
      push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
      rm          Remove one or more images
      save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
      tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
    
    Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

下面我们来学习：

1、管理和使用本地 Docker 主机镜像  
2、创建镜像

### 列出镜像列表 ###

我们可以使用 `docker images`或者`docker image ls` 列出镜像列表

ig:webapp itguang$ docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              ae513a47849c        7 days ago          109MB
    training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        2 years ago         349MB
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker image ls
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              ae513a47849c        7 days ago          109MB
    training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        2 years ago         349MB

各个选项说明:

REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源

**TAG**：镜像的标签

**IMAGE ID：**镜像ID

**CREATED**：镜像创建时间

**SIZE**：镜像大小

同一个 REPOSITORY 可以有多个TAG,代表这个REPOSITORY的不同版本.如ubuntu仓库源里，有15.10、14.04等多个不同的版本，我们使用 REPOSITORY:TAG 来定义不同的镜像。

所以，我们如果要使用版本为15.10的ubuntu系统镜像来运行容器时，命令如下：

$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash 
    root@d77ccb2e5cca:/#

**如果你不指定一个镜像的版本标签，例如你只使用 ubuntu，docker 将默认使用 ubuntu:latest 镜像。**

### 获取一个新镜像 ###

当我们在本地主机上使用一个不存在的镜像时,docker就会从docker hub 自动下载镜像,如果我们想预先下载这个镜像,可以使用`docker pull`命令.

ig:webapp itguang$ docker pull ubuntu:14.04
    14.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
    324d088ce065: Pull complete
    2ab951b6c615: Pull complete
    9b01635313e2: Pull complete
    04510b914a6c: Pull complete
    83ab617df7b4: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:b8855dc848e2622653ab557d1ce2f4c34218a9380cceaa51ced85c5f3c8eb201
    Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:14.04

下载完成后,我们就可以直接使用这个镜像来运行容器.

### 查找镜像 ###

我们可以从 Docker Hub 网站来搜索镜像，Docker Hub 网址为： [https://hub.docker.com/][https_hub.docker.com]

我们也可以使用 `docker search` 命令来搜索镜像。比如我们需要一个httpd的镜像来作为我们的web服务。我们可以通过 `docker search` 命令搜索 httpd 来寻找适合我们的镜像。

ig:webapp itguang$ docker search httpd
    NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    httpd                                   The Apache HTTP Server Project                  1679                [OK]
    hypriot/rpi-busybox-httpd               Raspberry Pi compatible Docker Image with a …   40
    centos/httpd                                                                            18                                      [OK]
    centos/httpd-24-centos7                 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui…   12
    armhf/httpd                             The Apache HTTP Server Project                  8
    macadmins/netboot-httpd                 use in combination with bruienne/bsdpy          5                                       [OK]
    lolhens/httpd                           Apache httpd 2 Server                           2                                       [OK]
    salim1983hoop/httpd24                   Dockerfile running apache config                2                                       [OK]
    rgielen/httpd-image-simple              Docker image for simple Apache httpd based o…   1                                       [OK]
    fboaventura/dckr-httpd                  Small footprint http server to use with othe…   1                                       [OK]
    lead4good/httpd-fpm                     httpd server which connects via fcgi proxy h…   1                                       [OK]
    tplatform/aws-linux-httpd24-php71-fpm   aws-linux-httpd24-php71-fpm                     1                                       [OK]
    epflidevelop/os-wp-httpd                WP httpd                                        1                                       [OK]
    dockerpinata/httpd                                                                      0
    trollin/httpd                                                                           0
    tplatform/aws-linux-httpd24-php71       aws-linux-httpd24-php71                         0                                       [OK]
    ppc64le/httpd                           The Apache HTTP Server Project                  0
    manasip/httpd                                                                           0
    publici/httpd                           httpd:latest                                    0                                       [OK]
    manageiq/httpd                          Container with httpd, built on CentOS for Ma…   0                                       [OK]
    interlutions/httpd                      httpd docker image with debian-based config …   0                                       [OK]
    tplatform/aws-linux-httpd24-php70       aws-linux-httpd24-php70                         0                                       [OK]
    fintaffy/fintaffy-httpd                                                                 0
    cilium/demo-httpd                                                                       0
    buzzardev/httpd                         Based on the official httpd image               0                                       [OK]

参数解释:

**NAME:**镜像仓库源的名称

**DESCRIPTION:**镜像的描述

**OFFICIAL:**是否docker官方发布

### 创建镜像 ###

当我们从docker镜像仓库中下载的镜像不能满足我们的需求时，我们可以通过以下两种方式对镜像进行更改。

1.从已经创建的容器中更新镜像，并且提交这个镜像  
2.使用 Dockerfile 指令来创建一个新的镜像

### 更新镜像 ###

更新镜像之前，我们需要使用镜像来创建一个容器。

runoob@runoob:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
    root@e218edb10161:/#

在运行的容器内使用 apt-get update 命令进行更新。  
在完成操作之后，输入 exit命令来退出这个容器。

此时ID为e218edb10161的容器，是按我们的需求更改的容器。我们可以通过命令 docker commit来提交容器副本。

runoob@runoob:~$ docker commit -m="has update" -a="runoob" e218edb10161 runoob/ubuntu:v2
    sha256:70bf1840fd7c0d2d8ef0a42a817eb29f854c1af8f7c59fc03ac7bdee9545aff8

各个参数说明：

\-m:提交的描述信息

\-a:指定镜像作者

e218edb10161：容器ID

runoob/ubuntu:v2:指定要创建的目标镜像名

### 构建镜像 ###

我们使用命令 docker build ， 从零开始来创建一个新的镜像。为此，我们需要创建一个 Dockerfile 文件，其中包含一组指令来告诉 Docker 如何构建我们的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~$ cat Dockerfile 
    FROM    centos:6.7
    MAINTAINER      Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
    
    RUN     /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
    RUN     useradd runoob
    RUN     /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
    RUN     /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
    EXPOSE  22
    EXPOSE  80
    CMD     /usr/sbin/sshd -D

每一个指令都会在镜像上创建一个新的层，每一个指令的前缀都必须是大写的。

第一条FROM，指定使用哪个镜像源

RUN 指令告诉docker 在镜像内执行命令，安装了什么。。。

然后，我们使用 Dockerfile 文件，通过 docker build 命令来构建一个镜像。

runoob@runoob:~$ docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7 .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.92 kB
    Step 1 : FROM centos:6.7
     ---> d95b5ca17cc3
    Step 2 : MAINTAINER Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 0c92299c6f03
    Step 3 : RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 0397ce2fbd0a
    Step 4 : RUN useradd runoob
    ......

参数说明：

\-t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名

. ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录，可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径

### 设置镜像标签 ###

我们可以使用 docker tag 命令，为镜像添加一个新的标签。

runoob@runoob:~$ docker tag 860c279d2fec runoob/centos:dev

docker tag 镜像ID，这里是 860c279d2fec ,用户名称、镜像源名(repository name)和新的标签名(tag)。

# 容器篇 #

我们先使用 `docker container --help` 查看容器有哪些命令可用:

ig:webapp itguang$ docker container --help
    
    Usage:  docker container COMMAND
    
    Manage containers
    
    Options:
    
    
    Commands:
      attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
      commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
      cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
      create      Create a new container
      diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
      exec        Run a command in a running container
      export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
      inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
      kill        Kill one or more running containers
      logs        Fetch the logs of a container
      ls          List containers
      pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
      port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
      prune       Remove all stopped containers
      rename      Rename a container
      restart     Restart one or more containers
      rm          Remove one or more containers
      run         Run a command in a new container
      start       Start one or more stopped containers
      stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
      stop        Stop one or more running containers
      top         Display the running processes of a container
      unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
      update      Update configuration of one or more containers
      wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
    
    Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

下面我们通过一个实例来了解下docker 容器命令的使用方式:

## 实例:运行一个web应用程序 ##

接下来让我们尝试使用 docker 构建一个 web 应用程序。

我们将在docker容器中运行一个 Python Flask 应用来运行一个web应用。

拉取image文件

ig:webapp itguang$ docker pull training/webapp
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from training/webapp
    e190868d63f8: Pull complete
    909cd34c6fd7: Pull complete
    0b9bfabab7c1: Pull complete
    a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete
    10bbbc0fc0ff: Pull complete
    fca59b508e9f: Pull complete
    e7ae2541b15b: Pull complete
    9dd97ef58ce9: Pull complete
    a4c1b0cb7af7: Pull complete
    Digest: sha256:06e9c1983bd6d5db5fba376ccd63bfa529e8d02f23d5079b8f74a616308fb11d
    Status: Downloaded newer image for training/webapp:latest

运行

ig:webapp itguang$ docker run -d -p 8001:5000 training/webapp python app.py
    6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab
    ig:webapp itguang$

参数说明:

**-d:** 让容器在后台运行

**-p 8001:5000** 把容器的5000端口映射到本机的8001端口.

### 查看web应用程序 ###

使用`docker ps` 查看所有正在运行的容器

ig:webapp itguang$ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    6ea91d88fc04        training/webapp     "python app.py"          4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes        0.0.0.0:8001->5000/tcp   awesome_yalow

通过`docker ps` 命令可以查看到容器的端口映射，docker还提供了另一个快捷方式：`docker port`,使用`docker port [containerId/containerName]`可以查看指定(名字或者id) 的容器映射的端口信息.

ig:webapp itguang$ docker port 6ea91d88fc04
    5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8001

### 查看容器日志 ###

**`docker logs [containerId/containerName]` 查看容器内部的标准输出**

ig:webapp itguang$ docker logs -f 6ea91d88fc04
     * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
    172.17.0.1 - - [08/May/2018 01:57:40] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
    172.17.0.1 - - [08/May/2018 01:57:51] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
    172.17.0.1 - - [08/May/2018 01:57:52] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
    172.17.0.1 - - [08/May/2018 01:57:53] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -

参数解释:

**-f:让 dokcer logs 像使用 tail -f 一样来输出容器内部的标准输出。**

从上面，我们可以看到应用程序使用的是 5000 端口并且能够查看到应用程序的访问日志。

### 查看容器进程 ###

我们还可以使用 docker top 来查看容器内部运行的进程

ig:webapp itguang$ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    6ea91d88fc04        training/webapp     "python app.py"          14 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes       0.0.0.0:8001->5000/tcp   awesome_yalow
    e8c8fae59eaf        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   11 hours ago        Up 11 hours         0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp     mynginx
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker top 6ea91d88fc04
    PID                 USER                TIME                COMMAND
    3268                root                0:00                python app.py

### 检查容器底层信息 ###

**使用 `docker inspect [containerId/containerName]` 检查容器的底层信息,它会返回一个json文件记录着docker容器的配置和基本信息**

ig:webapp itguang$ docker inspect 6ea91d88fc04
    [
        {
            "Id": "6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab",
            "Created": "2018-05-08T01:57:16.057824746Z",
            "Path": "python",
            "Args": [
                "app.py"
            ],
            "State": {
                "Status": "running",
                "Running": true,
                "Paused": false,
                "Restarting": false,
                "OOMKilled": false,
                "Dead": false,
                "Pid": 3268,
                "ExitCode": 0,
                "Error": "",
                "StartedAt": "2018-05-08T01:57:16.549183232Z",
                "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
            },
            "Image": "sha256:6fae60ef344644649a39240b94d73b8ba9c67f898ede85cf8e947a887b3e6557",
            "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab/resolv.conf",
            "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab/hostname",
            "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab/hosts",
            "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab/6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab-json.log",
            "Name": "/awesome_yalow",
            "RestartCount": 0,
            "Driver": "overlay2",
            "Platform": "linux",
            "MountLabel": "",
            "ProcessLabel": "",
            "AppArmorProfile": "",
            "ExecIDs": null,
            "HostConfig": {
                "Binds": null,
                "ContainerIDFile": "",
                "LogConfig": {
                    "Type": "json-file",
                    "Config": {}
                },
                "NetworkMode": "default",
                "PortBindings": {
                    "5000/tcp": [
                        {
                            "HostIp": "",
                            "HostPort": "8001"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "RestartPolicy": {
                    "Name": "no",
                    "MaximumRetryCount": 0
                },
                "AutoRemove": false,
                "VolumeDriver": "",
                "VolumesFrom": null,
                "CapAdd": null,
                "CapDrop": null,
                "Dns": [],
                "DnsOptions": [],
                "DnsSearch": [],
                "ExtraHosts": null,
                "GroupAdd": null,
                "IpcMode": "shareable",
                "Cgroup": "",
                "Links": null,
                "OomScoreAdj": 0,
                "PidMode": "",
                "Privileged": false,
                "PublishAllPorts": false,
                "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
                "SecurityOpt": null,
                "UTSMode": "",
                "UsernsMode": "",
                "ShmSize": 67108864,
                "Runtime": "runc",
                "ConsoleSize": [
                    0,
                    0
                ],
                "Isolation": "",
                "CpuShares": 0,
                "Memory": 0,
                "NanoCpus": 0,
                "CgroupParent": "",
                "BlkioWeight": 0,
                "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
                "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
                "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
                "CpuPeriod": 0,
                "CpuQuota": 0,
                "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
                "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
                "CpusetCpus": "",
                "CpusetMems": "",
                "Devices": [],
                "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
                "DiskQuota": 0,
                "KernelMemory": 0,
                "MemoryReservation": 0,
                "MemorySwap": 0,
                "MemorySwappiness": null,
                "OomKillDisable": false,
                "PidsLimit": 0,
                "Ulimits": null,
                "CpuCount": 0,
                "CpuPercent": 0,
                "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
                "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
            },
            "GraphDriver": {
                "Data": {
                    "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/29b26bf2f3c2ea2ac555314bc2d24d22d0df32e9fdda9bd7857ace38b655a872-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/28ec29d1be1cae13b7a0f179797a7fe9db8573300a00ea153265f0d5a6e02632/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9580cf40c13e51da606a31199980f656909ff305f681fdbaa5dd6e5682931d64/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4acc65dad48dd34a5ac90ee6a179978b394849d5b5f34fa62fbb09370df56229/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1aaa1241c9cc7ab75e8a38ae9b700402d7f1fd9c9c026ea90f3a92b21b1e3ca0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a46254f67ca32101abe271c6d513b767d75d9a2ad7fd60161e61bf4f4573b168/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3c0617c989d4162b2520576ed8c93ce94d0f03f4702c4437145f8b45505949ed/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/737006702cbbf49cb6ecf85e1e19bf1583cb122c7c3555d969f1a7414799c783/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f34c1cc4439c5e4231afeccd1f80e7a9752a2e1a0e5c061ed2dce970c0d0eca/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cf60a468248590a9535d7103c11a6b6fc9b617391eb9e5ceb43978188eac3857/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/02376b91aed01fc9ab846da641a34f723400df9ad0492643865ab7ca75b85765/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3c2229290a692c67a11ba7bdb027bf289353e4878dd225b49959f797df3ea470/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/172cad00615443a6a4f2c2030bffa7735012f68f4a42686573e2781c6d4c21a3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32a8e8ed68f72cd6c4438d07a8ca55d04d91d954ebd397ae46e75d3fb017b8bf/diff",
                    "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/29b26bf2f3c2ea2ac555314bc2d24d22d0df32e9fdda9bd7857ace38b655a872/merged",
                    "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/29b26bf2f3c2ea2ac555314bc2d24d22d0df32e9fdda9bd7857ace38b655a872/diff",
                    "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/29b26bf2f3c2ea2ac555314bc2d24d22d0df32e9fdda9bd7857ace38b655a872/work"
                },
                "Name": "overlay2"
            },
            "Mounts": [],
            "Config": {
                "Hostname": "6ea91d88fc04",
                "Domainname": "",
                "User": "",
                "AttachStdin": false,
                "AttachStdout": false,
                "AttachStderr": false,
                "ExposedPorts": {
                    "5000/tcp": {}
                },
                "Tty": false,
                "OpenStdin": false,
                "StdinOnce": false,
                "Env": [
                    "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
                ],
                "Cmd": [
                    "python",
                    "app.py"
                ],
                "Image": "training/webapp",
                "Volumes": null,
                "WorkingDir": "/opt/webapp",
                "Entrypoint": null,
                "OnBuild": null,
                "Labels": {}
            },
            "NetworkSettings": {
                "Bridge": "",
                "SandboxID": "26aa29b5a74b1b875a6df5d0fed8d446bb5dbc13d6f8c95ffcbe82d50ca40b22",
                "HairpinMode": false,
                "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
                "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "Ports": {
                    "5000/tcp": [
                        {
                            "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                            "HostPort": "8001"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/26aa29b5a74b",
                "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
                "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
                "EndpointID": "0e5f2c40113e3487dc248182aca66ba6c10ec15b860190da5c61bc5b9ad947cd",
                "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                "Networks": {
                    "bridge": {
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "Links": null,
                        "Aliases": null,
                        "NetworkID": "c9b902b74db7effc428c8765e3bb06fd874e42cc7b3c6910ada26d5cc065d16f",
                        "EndpointID": "0e5f2c40113e3487dc248182aca66ba6c10ec15b860190da5c61bc5b9ad947cd",
                        "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                        "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                        "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                        "DriverOpts": null
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    ]
    ig:webapp itguang$

### 停止容器 ###

ig:webapp itguang$ docker stop 6ea91d88fc04
    6ea91d88fc04
    ig:webapp itguang$

使用 `docker ps -l` 命令查看最后一次创建的容器:

ig:webapp itguang$ docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
    6ea91d88fc04        training/webapp     "python app.py"     22 minutes ago      Exited (137) 40 seconds ago                       awesome_yalow
    ig:webapp itguang$

### 重启容器 ###

**对于已经停止的容器我们可以使用`docker start [containerId/containerName]`来启动容器,对于正在运行的容器,我们可以使用`docker restart [containerId/containerName]` 来重新启动容器**

ig:webapp itguang$ docker start 6ea91d88fc04
    6ea91d88fc04
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    6ea91d88fc04        training/webapp     "python app.py"     24 minutes ago      Up 9 seconds        0.0.0.0:8001->5000/tcp   awesome_yalow
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker restart 6ea91d88fc04
    6ea91d88fc04
    ig:webapp itguang$

### 移除容器 ###

**我们可以使用`docker rm [containeID/containerName]`命令移除已经停止的容器**

ig:webapp itguang$ docker rm 6ea91d88fc04
    Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 6ea91d88fc04ae2e1a27bb0c6d188f3b14390c13f6e60e3d943445e34d376eab. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker stop 6ea91d88fc04
    6ea91d88fc04
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker rm 6ea91d88fc04
    6ea91d88fc04
    ig:webapp itguang$ docker container ls
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
    e8c8fae59eaf        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   11 hours ago        Up 11 hours         0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp   mynginx
    ig:webapp itguang$

[https_hub.docker.com]: https://hub.docker.com/