CentOS 7 服务器基本环境搭建

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2022-05-24 11:50 222阅读 0赞

## JDK ##

*  前往 Oracle 官方网下载 JDK 8
 *  [http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html][http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_java_javase_downloads_jdk8-downloads-2133151.html]
 *  使用 scp 或 ftp 将 安装包上传服务器
    
        scp -P 22 /{userDir}/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz root@{serverIp}:/opt-P 22 /{userDir}/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz root@{serverIp}:/opt

*  SSH 登录服务器
    
        cd /usr
        mkdir java
        cp /opt/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/java/
        tar -zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
        #创建短链接
        ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_161/ /usr/jdkcd /usr
        mkdir java
        cp /opt/jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/java/
        tar -zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
        #创建短链接
        ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_161/ /usr/jdk
 *  配置环境变量
    
        vi /etc/profile
        
        #添加以下内容
        JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk
        CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
        PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
        export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH
        
        #立即重启服务器
        sudo shutdown -r now
        
        #重新登录服务器
        java -version
        
        #看到如下内容配置成功
        java version "1.8.0_161"
        Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
        Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode) /etc/profile
        
        #添加以下内容
        JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk
        CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
        PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
        export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH
        
        #立即重启服务器
        sudo shutdown -r now
        
        #重新登录服务器
        java -version
        
        #看到如下内容配置成功
        java version "1.8.0_161"
        Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
        Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode)

## NGINX ##

*  yum 安装

#YUM直接安装
    yum install nginx
    
    #若出现以下提示 需添加 repo 源
    没有可用软件包 nginx。
    #添加 nginx 源
    rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
    #再执行安装
    yum install nginx#YUM直接安装
    yum install nginx
    
    #若出现以下提示 需添加 repo 源
    没有可用软件包 nginx。
    #添加 nginx 源
    rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
    #再执行安装
    yum install nginx

*  以下是Nginx的默认路径：
    
    (1) Nginx配置路径：`/etc/nginx/`
    
    (2) PID目录：`/var/run/nginx.pid`
    
    (3) 错误日志：`/var/log/nginx/error.log`
    
    (4) 访问日志：`/var/log/nginx/access.log`
    
    (5) 默认站点目录：`/usr/share/nginx/html`

## MYSQL ##

*  下载mysql源安装包
    
        wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpmwget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

*  安装mysql源
    
        yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpmyum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    
    
 *  检查mysql源是否安装成功`yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"`
    
        #如下则安装源成功
        !mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 51
        !mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      63
        !mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                267#如下则安装源成功
        !mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 51
        !mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      63
        !mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                267
 *  可以修改`vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo`源，改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可
    
    
 *  安装mysql`yum install mysql-community-server`
    
    
 *  启动`systemctl start mysqld`
 *  查看启动状态`systemctl status mysqld`显示如下启动成功
    
        ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
           Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
           Active: active (running) since 五 2018-04-20 09:27:29 CST; 35min ago
             Docs: man:mysqld(8)
                   http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
         Main PID: 1057 (mysqld)
           CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
                   └─1057 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
        
        4月 20 09:27:28 izwz958mrrj1x9plas7b11z systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
        4月 20 09:27:29 izwz958mrrj1x9plas7b11z systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
           Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
           Active: active (running) since 五 2018-04-20 09:27:29 CST; 35min ago
             Docs: man:mysqld(8)
                   http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
         Main PID: 1057 (mysqld)
           CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
                   └─1057 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
        
        4月 20 09:27:28 izwz958mrrj1x9plas7b11z systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
        4月 20 09:27:29 izwz958mrrj1x9plas7b11z systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

*  开机启动
    
        systemctl enable mysqld
        systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable mysqld
        systemctl daemon-reload

*  修改root本地登录密码
    
     *  mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改
    
        grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
        
        2018-04-19T12:17:44.562577Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fI;#Gle/N7Ey
        
        mysql -uroot -p
        
        ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '{newPassword}'; 
        #或者
        set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('{newPassword}'); grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
        
        2018-04-19T12:17:44.562577Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fI;#Gle/N7Ey
        
        mysql -uroot -p
        
        ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '{newPassword}'; 
        #或者
        set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('{newPassword}');
    
     *  注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate\_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。

*  添加远程登录用户
    
        GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '{userName}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{userPassword}' WITH GRANT OPTION;
        FLUSH PRIVILEGES;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '{userName}'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '{userPassword}' WITH GRANT OPTION;
        FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
 *  配置默认编码 utf-8
    
        vi /etc/my.cnf
        #在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示:
        
        [mysqld]
        character_set_server=utf8
        init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'vi /etc/my.cnf
        #在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示:
        
        [mysqld]
        character_set_server=utf8
        init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
 *  重新启动mysql服务 `service mysqld restart`

[http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_java_javase_downloads_jdk8-downloads-2133151.html]: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html