栅格数据格式转换

谁践踏了优雅 2022-05-24 01:44 272阅读 0赞

# 栅格格式转换 #

作者：阿振

邮箱：tanzhenyugis@163.com

博客：[https://blog.csdn.net/theonegis/article/details/80089375][https_blog.csdn.net_theonegis_article_details_80089375]

修改时间：2018-05-17

声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明原文出处

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## 查看GDAL支持的栅格数据格式 ##

我们可以在终端中使用`gdal --formats`命令查看安装的GDAL库支持的栅格数据格式

Supported Formats:
      VRT -raster- (rw+v): Virtual Raster
      DERIVED -raster- (ro): Derived datasets using VRT pixel functions
      GTiff -raster- (rw+vs): GeoTIFF
      NITF -raster- (rw+vs): National Imagery Transmission Format
      RPFTOC -raster- (rovs): Raster Product Format TOC format
      ECRGTOC -raster- (rovs): ECRG TOC format
      HFA -raster- (rw+v): Erdas Imagine Images (.img)
      SAR_CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS SAR Image
      CEOS -raster- (rov): CEOS Image
      JAXAPALSAR -raster- (rov): JAXA PALSAR Product Reader (Level 1.1/1.5)
      GFF -raster- (rov): Ground-based SAR Applications Testbed File Format (.gff)
      ELAS -raster- (rw+v): ELAS
      AIG -raster- (rov): Arc/Info Binary Grid
      AAIGrid -raster- (rwv): Arc/Info ASCII Grid
      GRASSASCIIGrid -raster- (rov): GRASS ASCII Grid
      SDTS -raster- (rov): SDTS Raster
      DTED -raster- (rwv): DTED Elevation Raster
      PNG -raster- (rwv): Portable Network Graphics
      JPEG -raster- (rwv): JPEG JFIF
      MEM -raster- (rw+): In Memory Raster
      JDEM -raster- (rov): Japanese DEM (.mem)
      GIF -raster- (rwv): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
      BIGGIF -raster- (rov): Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
      ESAT -raster- (rov): Envisat Image Format
      BSB -raster- (rov): Maptech BSB Nautical Charts
      XPM -raster- (rwv): X11 PixMap Format
      BMP -raster- (rw+v): MS Windows Device Independent Bitmap
      DIMAP -raster- (rov): SPOT DIMAP
      AirSAR -raster- (rov): AirSAR Polarimetric Image
      RS2 -raster- (ros): RadarSat 2 XML Product
      SAFE -raster- (rov): Sentinel-1 SAR SAFE Product
      PCIDSK -raster,vector- (rw+v): PCIDSK Database File
      PCRaster -raster- (rw+): PCRaster Raster File
      ILWIS -raster- (rw+v): ILWIS Raster Map
      SGI -raster- (rw+): SGI Image File Format 1.0
      SRTMHGT -raster- (rwv): SRTMHGT File Format
      Leveller -raster- (rw+): Leveller heightfield
      Terragen -raster- (rw+): Terragen heightfield
      GMT -raster- (rw): GMT NetCDF Grid Format
      netCDF -raster,vector- (rw+s): Network Common Data Format
      HDF4 -raster- (ros): Hierarchical Data Format Release 4
      HDF4Image -raster- (rw+): HDF4 Dataset
      ISIS3 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 3)
      ISIS2 -raster- (rw+v): USGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version 2)
      PDS -raster- (rov): NASA Planetary Data System
      VICAR -raster- (rov): MIPL VICAR file
      TIL -raster- (rov): EarthWatch .TIL
      ERS -raster- (rw+v): ERMapper .ers Labelled
      JP2OpenJPEG -raster,vector- (rwv): JPEG-2000 driver based on OpenJPEG library
      L1B -raster- (rovs): NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set
      FIT -raster- (rwv): FIT Image
      GRIB -raster- (rov): GRIdded Binary (.grb)
      RMF -raster- (rw+v): Raster Matrix Format
      WCS -raster- (rovs): OGC Web Coverage Service
      WMS -raster- (rwvs): OGC Web Map Service
      MSGN -raster- (ro): EUMETSAT Archive native (.nat)
      RST -raster- (rw+v): Idrisi Raster A.1
      INGR -raster- (rw+v): Intergraph Raster
      GSAG -raster- (rwv): Golden Software ASCII Grid (.grd)
      GSBG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software Binary Grid (.grd)
      GS7BG -raster- (rw+v): Golden Software 7 Binary Grid (.grd)
      COSAR -raster- (rov): COSAR Annotated Binary Matrix (TerraSAR-X)
      TSX -raster- (rov): TerraSAR-X Product
      COASP -raster- (ro): DRDC COASP SAR Processor Raster
      R -raster- (rwv): R Object Data Store
      MAP -raster- (rov): OziExplorer .MAP
      KMLSUPEROVERLAY -raster- (rwv): Kml Super Overlay
      PDF -raster,vector- (rw+vs): Geospatial PDF
      Rasterlite -raster- (rws): Rasterlite
      MBTiles -raster- (rw+v): MBTiles
      PLMOSAIC -raster- (ro): Planet Labs Mosaics API
      CALS -raster- (rw): CALS (Type 1)
      WMTS -raster- (rwv): OGC Web Mab Tile Service
      SENTINEL2 -raster- (rovs): Sentinel 2
      MRF -raster- (rw+v): Meta Raster Format
      PNM -raster- (rw+v): Portable Pixmap Format (netpbm)
      DOQ1 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (Old Style)
      DOQ2 -raster- (rov): USGS DOQ (New Style)
      GenBin -raster- (rov): Generic Binary (.hdr Labelled)
      PAux -raster- (rw+): PCI .aux Labelled
      MFF -raster- (rw+v): Vexcel MFF Raster
      MFF2 -raster- (rw+): Vexcel MFF2 (HKV) Raster
      FujiBAS -raster- (ro): Fuji BAS Scanner Image
      GSC -raster- (rov): GSC Geogrid
      FAST -raster- (rov): EOSAT FAST Format
      BT -raster- (rw+v): VTP .bt (Binary Terrain) 1.3 Format
      LAN -raster- (rw+v): Erdas .LAN/.GIS
      CPG -raster- (ro): Convair PolGASP
      IDA -raster- (rw+v): Image Data and Analysis
      NDF -raster- (rov): NLAPS Data Format
      EIR -raster- (rov): Erdas Imagine Raw
      DIPEx -raster- (rov): DIPEx
      LCP -raster- (rwv): FARSITE v.4 Landscape File (.lcp)
      GTX -raster- (rw+v): NOAA Vertical Datum .GTX
      LOSLAS -raster- (rov): NADCON .los/.las Datum Grid Shift
      NTv2 -raster- (rw+vs): NTv2 Datum Grid Shift
      CTable2 -raster- (rw+v): CTable2 Datum Grid Shift
      ACE2 -raster- (rov): ACE2
      SNODAS -raster- (rov): Snow Data Assimilation System
      KRO -raster- (rw+v): KOLOR Raw
      ROI_PAC -raster- (rw+v): ROI_PAC raster
      RRASTER -raster- (rov): R Raster
      ENVI -raster- (rw+v): ENVI .hdr Labelled
      EHdr -raster- (rw+v): ESRI .hdr Labelled
      ISCE -raster- (rw+v): ISCE raster
      ARG -raster- (rwv): Azavea Raster Grid format
      RIK -raster- (rov): Swedish Grid RIK (.rik)
      USGSDEM -raster- (rwv): USGS Optional ASCII DEM (and CDED)
      GXF -raster- (ro): GeoSoft Grid Exchange Format
      DODS -raster- (ro): DAP 3.x servers
      KEA -raster- (rw+): KEA Image Format (.kea)
      BAG -raster- (ro): Bathymetry Attributed Grid
      HDF5 -raster- (ros): Hierarchical Data Format Release 5
      HDF5Image -raster- (ro): HDF5 Dataset
      NWT_GRD -raster- (rw+v): Northwood Numeric Grid Format .grd/.tab
      NWT_GRC -raster- (rov): Northwood Classified Grid Format .grc/.tab
      ADRG -raster- (rw+vs): ARC Digitized Raster Graphics
      SRP -raster- (rovs): Standard Raster Product (ASRP/USRP)
      BLX -raster- (rwv): Magellan topo (.blx)
      PostGISRaster -raster- (rws): PostGIS Raster driver
      SAGA -raster- (rw+v): SAGA GIS Binary Grid (.sdat)
      XYZ -raster- (rwv): ASCII Gridded XYZ
      HF2 -raster- (rwv): HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
      OZI -raster- (rov): OziExplorer Image File
      CTG -raster- (rov): USGS LULC Composite Theme Grid
      E00GRID -raster- (rov): Arc/Info Export E00 GRID
      ZMap -raster- (rwv): ZMap Plus Grid
      NGSGEOID -raster- (rov): NOAA NGS Geoid Height Grids
      IRIS -raster- (rov): IRIS data (.PPI, .CAPPi etc)
      PRF -raster- (rov): Racurs PHOTOMOD PRF
      GPKG -raster,vector- (rw+vs): GeoPackage
      CAD -raster,vector- (rovs): AutoCAD Driver
      PLSCENES -raster,vector- (ro): Planet Labs Scenes API
      HTTP -raster,vector- (ro): HTTP Fetching Wrapper

## 使用命令行工具进行栅格格式转换 ##

GDAL库不但提供了C/C++编程语言的API接口，还提供了很多实用的命令行工具，帮助我们完成一些日常的数据处理工作。

我们以将GeoTIFF格式转为IMAGE格式为例，说明如何使用命令行工具进行栅格格式转换：

`gdal_translate -of HFA example.tif example.img`

其中，`of`选项指示了输出数据格式，`HFA`代表的是Erdas Imagine Images ，`example.tif`是输入数据路径，`example.img`是输出数据路径

详细参数参考：[gdal\_translate][gdal_translate]

## 使用Python代码进行栅格格式转换 ##

下面介绍两种进行转换的方式：

1.  GDAL 2.1版本之后提供了，从代码中调用命令行的API接口，所以我们可以在Python代码中直接调用`Translate()`函数进行转换
    
        from osgeo import gdal
        
        ds = gdal.Open('example.tif')
        ds = gdal.Translate('example.img', ds, format='HFA')
        ds = None
    
    `Translate()`函数的第一个参数是输出数据路径，第二参数是输入数据路径或者输入数据的Dataset对象，后面都是可选参数，具体`Translate()`函数的参数可以参见：[GDAL/OGR Python API][GDAL_OGR Python API]
2.  使用`CreateCopy()`方法进行数据的复制及格式转换
    
        from osgeo import gdal
        
        
        # 打开数据文件
        
        src_ds = gdal.Open('example.tif')
        
        
        # 获得数据驱动对象
        
        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('HFA')
        
        
        # 进行数据格式转换
        
        dst_ds = driver.CreateCopy('example.img', src_ds)
        
        
        # 关闭数据集对象
        
        dst_ds = None
        src_ds = None

##  ##

[https_blog.csdn.net_theonegis_article_details_80089375]: https://blog.csdn.net/theonegis/article/details/80089375
[gdal_translate]: http://www.gdal.org/gdal_translate.html
[GDAL_OGR Python API]: http://gdal.org/python/