区块链学习(1)--win10下构建以太坊私链

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-05-22 00:55 526阅读 0赞

构建以太坊私链  
1、环境是win10，下载对应的最新版本Ethereum-Wallet-win64-0-10-0.zip  
[https://github.com/ethereum/mist/releases][https_github.com_ethereum_mist_releases]

2、解压到指定目录即可，运行Ethereum-Wallet初始化数据，私链搭建无需同步

3、初始化的相关数据，如用户为：administrator，则在系统生成目录：C:\\Users\\administror\\AppData\\Roaming\\Ethereum Wallet  
C:\\Users\\heheiscool\\AppData\\Roaming\\Ethereum  
两个文件

4、找到geth.exe命令，在此C:\\Users\\administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\Ethereum Wallet\\binaries\\Geth\\unpacked 目录下

5、 配置自己的创世块是为了区分公有链，在上面4的目录下新建创始区块文件genesis.json，同一个网络节点群中创始区块必须相同，否则无法联通：

> \{  
> "config": \{  
> "chainId": 10,  
> "homesteadBlock": 0,  
> "eip155Block": 0,  
> "eip158Block": 0  
> \},  
> "alloc" : \{\},  
> "coinbase" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",  
> "difficulty" : "0x02000000",  
> "extraData" : "",  
> "gasLimit" : "0x2fefd8",  
> "nonce" : "0x0000000000000042",  
> "mixhash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",  
> "parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",  
> "timestamp" : "0x00"
> 
> \}

各参数指标如下：

<table style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;border-spacing:0px;max-width:100%;width:832px;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-size:16px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"> 
 <thead style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <th style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">mixhash</th> 
   <th style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">与nonce配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的hash。这里是初始区块</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">nonce</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">nonce就是一个64位随机数，用于挖矿</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">difficulty</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">设置当前区块的难度，如果难度过大，cpu挖矿就很难，这里设置较小难度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">alloc</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">用来预置账号以及账号的以太币数量，因为私有链挖矿比较容易，所以我们不需要预置有币的账号，需要的时候自己创建即可以。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">coinbase</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">矿工的账号，任定义</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">timestamp</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">设置创世块的时间戳</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">parentHash</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">上一个区块的hash值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">extraData</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">附加信息，随便填，可以填你的个性信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">gasLimit</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">该值设置对GAS的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和，因为我们是私有链，所以填最大。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

6、在4中目录下运行命令：

> geth --datadir "C:\\Users\\administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\Ethereum\\dev" init genesis.json

从而创建目录并存储创世区块数据。

启动运行私链，命令行输入：geth --identity "mydev" --datadir "C:\\Users\\administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\Ethereum\\dev" --networkid 1111 --rpc --rpcapi "admin,personal,db,eth,net,web3" --nodiscover --rpccorsdomain "\*" console

<table style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px;border-spacing:0px;max-width:100%;width:832px;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-size:16px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"> 
 <thead style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <th style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">identity</th> 
   <th style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">区块链的标示，随便填写，用于标示目前网络的名字</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">init</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">指定创世块文件的位置，并创建初始块</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">datadir</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">设置当前区块链网络数据存放的位置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">port</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">网络监听端口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">rpc</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">启动rpc通信，可以进行智能合约的部署和调试</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">rpcapi</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">设置允许连接的rpc的客户端，一般为db,eth,net,web3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">networkid</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">设置当前区块链的网络ID，用于区分不同的网络，是一个数字</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;"> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">console</td> 
   <td style="font-family:'-apple-system', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'WenQuanYi Micro Hei', 'Microsoft Yahei', sans-serif;margin:0px;padding:5px;max-width:100%;">启动命令行模式，可以在Geth中执行命令</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

![区块链学习(1)--win10下构建以太坊私链][1_--win10]

回车后可以在控制台中输入相关命令，如：personal.newAccount()创建第一个钱包账户  
![区块链学习(1)--win10下构建以太坊私链][1_--win10 1]

7、启动Ethereum Wallet钱包，右上角显示“PRIVATE-NET”，说明私链启动成功  
![区块链学习(1)--win10下构建以太坊私链][1_--win10 2]

打开钱包后会显示6中创建的账户  
![区块链学习(1)--win10下构建以太坊私链][1_--win10 3]

8、然后开始挖矿，注意一定要开启节点钱包，控制台下:

![区块链学习(1)--win10下构建以太坊私链][1_--win10 4]

转自：[点击打开链接][Link 1]

[https_github.com_ethereum_mist_releases]: https://github.com/ethereum/mist/releases
[1_--win10]: /images/20220522/040715c0e4c049b3a7da7fab12b33f4e.png
[1_--win10 1]: /images/20220522/6c94ef2807f34bae9db6f1db1c3d6b2e.png
[1_--win10 2]: /images/20220522/2fefc6ec96a94508b997fa40506ae5d4.png
[1_--win10 3]: /images/20220522/dddec661d0264da997a1eaf382c6e376.png
[1_--win10 4]: /images/20220522/1292265e5e13408eac1620d5e66ca0e6.png
[Link 1]: http://blog.51cto.com/13238147/2118366