linux 一行命令安装python3.7 & python3.8

绝地灬酷狼 2022-05-21 07:34 336阅读 0赞

已经2020年8月了，最近一般都是这样在ubuntu上安装Python3.8的

git clone https://gitee.com/waketzheng/carstino
    cd carstino
    ./upgrade_py.sh -v 38   # 不指定版本则默认安装python3.9
    # python3.7可以这么安装： ./upgrade_py.sh -v 37

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最近（2019-03-28）在ubuntu18上是这样安装python3.6的，效果很不错，参考的是这个：[install-python-3-6-ubuntu-linuxmint][]

sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall
    sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libffi-dev
    cd /usr/src
    sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
    sudo tar xzf Python-3.6.8.tgz
    cd Python-3.6.8
    sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
    sudo make altinstall
    python3.6 -V
    pip3.6 -V

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0b2.tar.xz
    tar xvf Python-3.8.0b2.tar.xz
    cd Python-3.8.0b2
    sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
    sudo make altinstall
    python3.8 -V

2019-07-11 succeed to install python3.8beta in ArchLinux.

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荐：一行命令搞定（仅适用通过apt或yum来安装包的系统\[ubuntu/red hat/centos\]）

curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-latest | bash

该命令在安装python的同时，也安装python-dev等常用扩展、并且激活ssl等内建模块，基本上执行完就可以很愉快地使用python，继续苦短的人生了。

具体安装内容可通过curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-latest和

curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/activate\_buildin\_modules.py来查看。

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平常是这么安装的...

方法一：从python官网下载安装包来安装

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
        tar -xvf Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
        cd Python-3.7.2 && \
        ./configure && make && sudo make altinstall

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>>> 装完python后pip install有点慢？看看这个：[pipenv换源、pipenv换阿里源、pip换源、pip换豆瓣源][pipenv_pipenv_pip_pip]

如果安装python过程中报这个错误：

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '\_ctypes'

可通过安装libffi(-dev\[el\])

[https://bugs.python.org/issue31652][https_bugs.python.org_issue31652]

来解决（安装完重新运行sudo make altinstall），Ubuntu用这个命令：

sudo apt install libffi-dev

centos是这个：

sudo yum install libffi-devel

更周全的方法是不单安装libffi(-dev\[el\])

还安装其他python开发所需的包（Ubuntu）：

sudo apt update -y
    sudo apt install -y build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libssl-dev openssl libffi-dev python3-dev python3-smbus

centos：

sudo yum update -y
    sudo yum groupinstall -y "development tools"
    sudo yum install zlib zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl openssl-devel libffi-devel ncurses-devel xz-devel  python3-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel expat-devel

方法二：从国内的网站下载安装包，适合访问python官网比较慢或访问不到的情况：

wget https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
        tar -xvf Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
        cd Python-3.7.2 && \
        ./configure && make && sudo make altinstall

或：

curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-3.7.2 | bash

附：

安装python3.6.8：

curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-3.6.8 | bash

md5校验（[https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-372/][https_www.python.org_downloads_release_python-372]）：

echo 'df6ec36011808205beda239c72f947cb  md5-from-python.org' && md5sum Python-3.7.2.tar.xz

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安装过程如果遇到这个错误：

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

编辑文件 Python-3.7.2/Modules/Setup

查找zlib，去掉第338行zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec\_prefix)/lib -lz前面的\#，保存

然后重新运行：

cd Python-3.7.2 && make && sudo make altinstall

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如果遇到了./Modules/zlibmodule.c:10:10: fatal error: zlib.h: No such file or directory

ubuntu中通过安装这个解决了（安装后需要重新make和make altinstall）：

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

[install-python-3-6-ubuntu-linuxmint]: https://tecadmin.net/install-python-3-6-ubuntu-linuxmint/
[pipenv_pipenv_pip_pip]: https://blog.csdn.net/jaket5219999/article/details/80815847
[https_bugs.python.org_issue31652]: https://bugs.python.org/issue31652
[https_www.python.org_downloads_release_python-372]: https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-372/