OSG学习：纹理映射（七）——聚光灯

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-05-20 02:08 661阅读 0赞

> 以下内容来自： 
> 
> 1、《OpenSceneGraph三维渲染引擎编程指南》肖鹏 刘更代 徐明亮 清华大学出版社 
> 
> 2、《OpenSceneGraph三维渲染引擎设计与实践》王锐 钱学雷 清华大学出版社
> 
> 3、自己的总结

> [下载完整工程OSG\_15\_TextureSpotLight][OSG_15_TextureSpotLight]
> 
> 创建C++项目后，首先需要配置OSG环境，具体步骤看[OSG学习：WIN10系统下OSG+VS2017编译及运行][OSG_WIN10_OSG_VS2017]第六步：新建OSG项目测试。

在[**OSG学习：纹理映射（六）——灯光**][OSG]中分析了简单的灯光实现步骤。本篇博文主要来分析聚光灯的用法：

// stdafx.h
    
    #include <osg/Node>
    #include <osg/Geode>  
    #include <osg/Geometry>
    #include <osg/Group>
    
    #include <osg/Camera>
    
    #include <osg/MatrixTransform> //移动节点的矩阵类，最常用的移动节点的类。可随动、旋转控制节点。
    #include <osg/PositionAttitudeTransform>
    
    #include <osg/Light> //继承自osg::StateAttribute，保存灯光的模式与属性参数信息
    #include <osg/LightSource> //继承自osg::Group，灯光管理类，继承了osg::Group类的管理节点的接口，将灯光作为一个节点加入到场景图中进行渲染
    
    #include <osg/ShapeDrawable>
    #include <osg/TexGen>
    #include <osg/Texture2D>
    #include <osg/TexGenNode>
    
    #include <osgDB/ReadFile>
    #include <osgDB/WriteFile>
    
    #include <osgUtil/Optimizer>
    #include <osgViewer/Viewer>

// .cpp
    
    /*
     *创建聚光灯纹理贴图
     *创建聚光灯状态属性（前面的纹理贴图也是渲染状态属性之一）
     *创建聚光灯节点
     *创建路径动画
     *创建地形平面（变量vertex报错，注释掉这个类，在场景中将之直接设置为模型牛）
     *创建动画模型（路径为前面设置好的路径动画），将聚光灯节点添加添加到其中，则聚光灯是动态的（飞机）
     *创建场景：创建动画模型和地形平面（地形平面出错，此处设为飞机），动画模型为聚光灯位置，地形平面（牛）为聚光灯照射的地方；将状态属性添加到组节点
     *则飞机飞到哪个地方（即聚光灯在哪里），牛的哪个地方就照亮
    */
    
    //创建聚光灯纹理的mipmap贴图
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> createSpotLightImage(const osg::Vec4 ¢erColour, const osg::Vec4 &backgroudColour, unsigned int size, float power)
    {
    	//创建Image对象
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> image = new osg::Image();
    	//动态分配一个size*size大小的image
    	image->allocateImage(size, size, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);
    
    	//填充image
    	//以中心为原点，颜色逐渐向四周衰减
    	float mid = (float(size) - 1)*0.5f;
    	float div = 2.0f / float(size);
    	for (unsigned int r = 0; r < size; ++r)
    	{
    		unsigned char *ptr = image->data(0, r, 0);
    		for (unsigned int c = 0; c < size; ++c)
    		{
    			float dx = (float(c) - mid) * div;
    			float dy = (float(r) - mid) * div;
    			float r = powf(1.0f - sqrtf(dx * dx + dy * dy), power);
    			if (r < 0.0f)
    				r = 0.0f;
    			osg::Vec4 color = centerColour * r + backgroudColour * (1.0f - r);
    			*ptr++ = (unsigned char)((color[0]) * 255.0f);
    			*ptr++ = (unsigned char)((color[1]) * 255.0f);
    			*ptr++ = (unsigned char)((color[2]) * 255.0f);
    			*ptr++ = (unsigned char)((color[3]) * 255.0f);
    		}
    	}
    	return image.release();
    }
    
    //创建聚光灯状态属性
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::StateSet> createSpotLightDecoratorState(unsigned int lightNum, unsigned int textureUnit)
    {
    	//设置中心的颜色和环境光的颜色
    	osg::Vec4 centerColour(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    	osg::Vec4 ambientColour(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    
    	//创建聚光灯纹理
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Texture2D> texture = new osg::Texture2D();
    	texture->setImage(createSpotLightImage(centerColour, ambientColour, 64, 1.0));
    	texture->setBorderColor(osg::Vec4(ambientColour));
    	texture->setWrap(osg::Texture::WRAP_S, osg::Texture::CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
    	texture->setWrap(osg::Texture::WRAP_T, osg::Texture::CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
    	texture->setWrap(osg::Texture::WRAP_R, osg::Texture::CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
    
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::StateSet> stateset = new osg::StateSet();
    
    	//开启ID为lightNum的光照
    	stateset->setMode(GL_LIGHT0 + lightNum, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    
    	//设置自动生成纹理坐标
    	stateset->setTextureMode(textureUnit, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    	stateset->setTextureMode(textureUnit, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    	stateset->setTextureMode(textureUnit, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    	stateset->setTextureMode(textureUnit, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q, osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    
    	//打开纹理单元
    	stateset->setTextureAttributeAndModes(textureUnit, texture.get(), osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    
    	return stateset.release();
    }
    
    //创建聚光灯节点
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> createSpotLightNode(const osg::Vec3 &position, const osg::Vec3 &direction, float angle, unsigned int lightNum, unsigned int textureUnit)
    {
    	//创建光源
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::LightSource> lightsource = new osg::LightSource();
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Light> light = lightsource->getLight();
    	light->setLightNum(lightNum);
    	light->setPosition(osg::Vec4(position, 1.0f));
    	light->setAmbient(osg::Vec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.05f, 1.0f));
    	light->setDiffuse(osg::Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
    
    	//计算法向量
    	osg::Vec3 up(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    	up = (direction ^ up) ^ direction;
    	up.normalize();
    
    	//创建自动生成纹理坐标节点
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::TexGenNode> texgenNode = new osg::TexGenNode();
    	//关联纹理单元
    	texgenNode->setTextureUnit(textureUnit);
    	//设置纹理坐标生成器
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::TexGen> texgen = texgenNode->getTexGen();
    	//设置模式为视觉线性
    	texgen->setMode(osg::TexGen::EYE_LINEAR);
    	//从视图中指定参考平面
    	texgen->setPlanesFromMatrix(osg::Matrixd::lookAt(position, position + direction, up) * osg::Matrixd::perspective(angle, 1.0, 0.1, 100));
    
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = new osg::Group();
    	group->addChild(lightsource);
    	group->addChild(texgenNode.get());
    
    	return group.release();
    }
    
    //创建动画路径
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::AnimationPath> createAnimationPath(const osg::Vec3 ¢er, float radius, double looptime)
    {
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::AnimationPath> animationPath = new osg::AnimationPath();
    	animationPath->setLoopMode(osg::AnimationPath::LOOP);
    
    	int numSamples = 40;
    	float yaw = 0.0f;
    	float yaw_delta = 2.0f * osg::PI / ((float)numSamples - 1.0f);
    	float roll = osg::inDegrees(30.0f);
    
    	double time = 0.0f;
    	double time_delta = looptime / (double)numSamples;
    	for (int i = 0; i < numSamples; ++i)
    	{
    		osg::Vec3 position(center + osg::Vec3(sinf(yaw) * radius, cosf(yaw) * radius, 0.0f));
    		osg::Quat rotation(osg::Quat(roll, osg::Vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)) * osg::Quat(-(yaw + osg::inDegrees(90.0f)), osg::Vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)));
    		animationPath->insert(time, osg::AnimationPath::ControlPoint(position, rotation));
    
    		yaw += yaw_delta;
    		time += time_delta;
    	}
    	return animationPath.release();
    }
    
    //创建地形平面
    /*osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> createBase(const osg::Vec3 ¢er, float radius)
    {
    	
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::StateSet> stateset = new osg::StateSet();
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Image> image = osgDB::readImageFile("Images/lz.rgb");
    	if (image.get())
    	{
    		osg::ref_ptr<osg::Texture2D> texture = new osg::Texture2D();
    		texture->setImage(image.get());
    		stateset->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture.get(), osg::StateAttribute::ON);
    	}
    
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::HeightField> grid = new osg::HeightField();
    	grid->allocate(38, 39);
    	grid->setOrigin(center + osg::Vec3(-radius, -radius, 0.0f));
    	grid->setXInterval(radius * 2.0f / (float)(38 - 1));
    	grid->setYInterval(radius * 2.0f / (float)(39 - 1));
    	
    	float minHeight = FLT_MAX;
    	float maxHeight = -FLT_MAX;
    
    	unsigned int r;
    	for (r = 0; r < 39; ++r)
    	{
    		for (unsigned int c = 0; c < 38; ++c)
    		{
    			//error：vertex未定义
    			float h = vertex[r + c * 39][2];
    			if (h > maxHeight)
    				maxHeight = h;
    			if (h < minHeight)
    				minHeight = h;
    		}
    	}
    
    	float heightScale = radius * 0.5f / (maxHeight - minHeight);
    	float heightOffset = -(minHeight + maxHeight) * 0.5f;
    
    	for (r = 0; r < 39; ++r)
    	{
    		for (unsigned int c = 0; c < 38; ++c)
    		{
    			//error：vertex未定义
    			float h = vertex[r + c * 39][2];
    			grid->setHeight(c, r, (h + heightOffset) * heightScale);
    		}
    	}
    
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Geode> geode = new osg::Geode();
    	geode->setStateSet(stateset.get());
    	geode->addDrawable(new osg::ShapeDrawable(grid.get()));
    
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = new osg::Group();
    	group->addChild(geode.get());
    
    	return group.get();
    }*/
    
    //创建动画模型
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> createMovingModel(const osg::Vec3 ¢er, float radius)
    {
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> model = new osg::Group();
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> cessna = osgDB::readNodeFile("cessna.osg");
    	if (cessna.get())
    	{
    		const osg::BoundingSphere &bs = cessna->getBound();
    		float size = radius / bs.radius() * 0.3f;
    		osg::ref_ptr<osg::MatrixTransform> positioned = new osg::MatrixTransform();
    		positioned->setDataVariance(osg::Object::STATIC);
    		positioned->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(-bs.center()) * osg::Matrix::scale(size, size, size) * osg::Matrix::rotate(osg::inDegrees(180.0f), 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f));
    		positioned->addChild(cessna.get());
    
    		float animationLength = 10.0f;
    		osg::ref_ptr<osg::AnimationPath> animationPath = createAnimationPath(center, radius, animationLength);
    
    		osg::ref_ptr<osg::MatrixTransform> xform = new osg::MatrixTransform();
    		xform->setUpdateCallback(new osg::AnimationPathCallback(animationPath, 0.0f, 2.0));
    		xform->addChild(positioned);
    
    		//添加聚光灯节点
    		xform->addChild(createSpotLightNode(osg::Vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), osg::Vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f), 60.0f, 0, 1));
    
    		model->addChild(xform.get());
    	}
    	return model.release();
    }
    
    //创建场景
    osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> createModel()
    {
    	osg::Vec3 center(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    	float radius = 100.0f;
    
    	//创建动画模型
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> shadower = createMovingModel(center, radius * 0.5f);
    
    	//创建地形平面
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> shadowed = osgDB::readNodeFile("cow.osg");
    	//osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> shadowed = createBase(center - osg::Vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, radius * 0.1), radius);
    
    	//创建场景组节点
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> root = new osg::Group();
    	//设置状态属性
    	root->setStateSet(createSpotLightDecoratorState(0, 1));
    	//添加子节点
    	root->addChild(shadower.get());
    	root->addChild(shadowed.get());
    
    	return root.release();
    }
    
    int main()
    {
    	osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> root = new osg::Group();
    	root->addChild(createModel());
    
    	//优化场景数据
    	osgUtil::Optimizer optimizer;
    	optimizer.optimize(root.get());
    
    	osg::ref_ptr<osgViewer::Viewer> viewer = new osgViewer::Viewer();
    	viewer->setSceneData(root.get());
    	viewer->realize();
    
    	return viewer->run();
    }

在以上的代码中，创建地形平面的vertex报错了：vertex未定义。我不知道该怎么修改，因为第二个循环的结果生成了格网，不能简单对其进行赋值。注释掉该类，在场景中将地形平面的节点改为模型牛的节点，则飞机绕着牛转，飞机为聚光灯的灯源，牛为被照射物体，飞机飞到哪里，找到的牛的对应部位亮起。

![70][]

[OSG_15_TextureSpotLight]: https://github.com/Epulari/osg-exercise
[OSG_WIN10_OSG_VS2017]: https://blog.csdn.net/u013719339/article/details/78415685
[OSG]: https://blog.csdn.net/u013719339/article/details/80990567
[70]: /images/20220520/47208fbf63c04adb97800de78a6845e0.png