Spring Cloud Gateway替代zuul作为API网关（一）

- 日理万妓 2022-05-19 22:28 183阅读 0赞

本文非常简要介绍如何使用Spring Cloud Gateway 作为API 网关（不是使用zuul作为网关），关于Spring Cloud Gateway和zuul的性能比较本文不再赘述，基本可以肯定Spring Cloud Finchley版本的gateway比zuul 1.x系列的性能和功能整体要好。

特别提醒：Spring Cloud Finchley版本中，即使你引入了spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul，也不是2.0版本的zuul

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>

我们的介绍分为3个部分， 第一，pom文件，第二项目的基本架构，第三源码和截图。

*  **第一，pom文件**

因为使用Eureka作为服务注册和发现，因此在pom中引入了eureka，各位可根据自己的实际情况修改。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.yq</groupId>
        <artifactId>GatewayDemo</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/>
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.33</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>3.5</version>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

*  **第二，项目结构**

总共有3个项目，  
第一个项目是eureka 注册中心，非常简单，基本就一个Application类。 端口7700  
第二个项目是User service，也非常简单提供两个rest api，为了简略不连接数据，直接在内存中生成一组数据。端口6601  
第三个项目就是我们的网关。端口6604

目前项目中集成websocket服务配置，本文暂不介绍可直接忽略。

*  **第三，项目代码和运行截图**

网关的主代码

package com.yq;
    
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
    import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RequestPredicates;
    import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunction;
    import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.RouterFunctions;
    import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
    
    
    @SpringCloudApplication
    public class APIGatewayApplication  { 
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(APIGatewayApplication.class);
    
        @Bean
        public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) { 
            return builder.routes()
                    .route(r -> r.path("/baidu")
                            .uri("http://baidu.com:80/")
                    )
                   .route("websocket_route", r -> r.path("/apitopic1/**")
                    .uri("ws://127.0.0.1:6605"))
                    .route(r -> r.path("/userapi3/**")
                            .filters(f -> f.addResponseHeader("X-AnotherHeader", "testapi3"))
    
                            .uri("lb://user-service/")
                    )
                    .build();
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(APIGatewayApplication.class, args);
            logger.info(" Start APIGatewayApplication Done");
        }
    
    }

网关的配置文件application.yml

server:
      port: 6604
    
    
    #服务名
    spring:
      application:
        name: gateway-service
      cloud:
        gateway:
          filter:
            remove-non-proxy-headers:
              headers:
              - dummy
          routes:
            - id:  apiuser
            # 重点！/info必须使用http进行转发，lb代表从注册中心获取服务
              uri: lb://user-service
              predicates:
              # 重点！转发该路径！,/userapi/**,
              - Path=/userapi/**
              # http://localhost:6601/userapi/user/users/2, 必须加上StripPrefix=1，否则访问服务时会带上userapi
              #而不是我们期望的去掉userapi，只保留**部分
              filters:
              - StripPrefix=1
            - id:  api2user
              uri: lb://user-service
              predicates:
              - Path=/userapi2/**
              filters:
              - StripPrefix=1
    
    
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:7700/eureka/

我们简要分析分析一下配置文件

*  id: apiuser  
    \# 重点！/info必须使用http进行转发，lb代表从注册中心获取服务  
    uri: lb://user-service  
    predicates:  
    \# 重点！转发该路径！,/userapi/**,  
    \- Path=/userapi/**  
    \# [http://localhost:6601/userapi/user/users/2][http_localhost_6601_userapi_user_users_2], 必须加上StripPrefix=1，否则访问服务时会带上userapi  
    \#而不是我们期望的去掉userapi，只保留\*\*部分  
    filters:  
    \- StripPrefix=1

配置了一个路由apiuser， 当路径（ - Path=/userapi/\*\*），就转发到服务（lb://user-service），同时把路径中的userapi这部分去掉（- StripPrefix=1）。

*  **运行效果图**

直接访问User service  
[http://localhost:6601/user/users/2][http_localhost_6601_user_users_2]

通过网关访问user service  
[http://localhost:6604/userapi/user/users/2][http_localhost_6604_userapi_user_users_2]

![这里写图片描述][70]

参考文档：  
1， [http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley/single/spring-cloud.html\#\_spring\_cloud\_gateway][http_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-static_Finchley_single_spring-cloud.html_spring_cloud_gateway]  
2， [https://github.com/spring-cloud-samples/spring-cloud-gateway-sample][https_github.com_spring-cloud-samples_spring-cloud-gateway-sample]

[http_localhost_6601_userapi_user_users_2]: http://localhost:6601/userapi/user/users/2
[http_localhost_6601_user_users_2]: http://localhost:6601/user/users/2
[http_localhost_6604_userapi_user_users_2]: http://localhost:6604/userapi/user/users/2
[70]: /images/20220520/323e554619ae465e92d1a9756555b3d4.png
[http_cloud.spring.io_spring-cloud-static_Finchley_single_spring-cloud.html_spring_cloud_gateway]: http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley/single/spring-cloud.html#_spring_cloud_gateway
[https_github.com_spring-cloud-samples_spring-cloud-gateway-sample]: https://github.com/spring-cloud-samples/spring-cloud-gateway-sample