centos7使用kubeadm安装kubernetes 1.11版本多主高可用

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-05-18 09:04 225阅读 0赞

# centos7使用kubeadm安装kubernetes 1.11版本多主高可用 #

### 文章目录 ###

*  centos7使用kubeadm安装kubernetes 1.11版本多主高可用
 *   *  1. 实验环境说明
     *  2. 准备yum源
     *  2. 安装配置docker
     *  3. 安装 kubeadm, kubelet 和 kubectl
     *  4. 配置系统相关参数
     *  5. 配置hosts解析
     *  6. 配置haproxy代理和keepalived
     *  7. 配置启动kubelet
     *  8. 配置master
     *   *  8.1 配置第一个master
         *  8.2 配置第二个master
         *  8.3 配置第三个master
     *  9. 配置使用kubectl
     *  10. 配置使用网络插件
     *  11. 配置node节点加入集群
     *  12. 配置dashboard
     *   *  12.1 安装Dashboard插件
         *  12.2 授予Dashboard账户集群管理权限
         *  12.3 dashboard访问方式
         *   *  12.3.1 \`kubectl proxy\`方式访问
             *  12.3.2 NodePort方式访问
             *  12.3.3 API Server方式访问
             *  12.3.4 nginx ingress方式访问
     *  13. 基础测试
     *  13. 小技巧
     *  14. 相关命令

**kubernetes介绍**  
要学习一个新的东西，先了解它是什么，熟悉基本概念会有很大帮助。以下是我学习时看过的一篇核心概念介绍。  
[http://dockone.io/article/932][http_dockone.io_article_932]

搭建Kubernetes集群环境有以下3种方式：

*minikube*  
Minikube是一个工具，可以在本地快速运行一个单点的Kubernetes，尝试Kubernetes或日常开发的用户使用。不能用于生产环境。  
官方地址：[https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_minikube]

> 以下是符合企业生产环境标准的Kubernetes集群环境方式：

*kubeadm*  
Kubeadm也是一个工具，提供`kubeadm init`和`kubeadm join`，用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。

官方地址：[https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_setup-tools_kubeadm_kubeadm]

*二进制包*  
从官方下载发行版的二进制包，手动部署每个组件，组成Kubernetes集群。

官方也提供了一个互动测试环境供大家玩耍：[https://kubernetes.io/cn/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/cluster-interactive/][https_kubernetes.io_cn_docs_tutorials_kubernetes-basics_cluster-interactive]  
国外的这个最多支持5个节点的测试环境也很赞：[https://labs.play-with-k8s.com/][https_labs.play-with-k8s.com]

## 1. 实验环境说明 ##

lab1: etcd master haproxy keepalived 192.168.105.92
    lab2: etcd master haproxy keepalived 192.168.105.93
    lab3: etcd master haproxy keepalived 192.168.105.94
    lab4: node  192.168.105.95
    lab4: node  192.168.105.96
    
    
    vip(loadblancer ip): 192.168.105.99

virtualbox实验使用的Vagrantfile：

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
    # vi: set ft=ruby :
    
    ENV["LC_ALL"] = "en_US.UTF-8"
    
    Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
        (2..6).each do |i|
          config.vm.define "lab#{i}" do |node|
            node.vm.box = "centos-7.4-docker-17"
            node.ssh.insert_key = false
            node.vm.hostname = "lab#{i}"
            node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.105.9#{i}"
            node.vm.provision "shell",
              inline: "echo hello from node #{i}"
            node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
              v.cpus = 2
              v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "lab#{i}", "--memory", "2048"]
            end
          end
        end
    end

## 2. 准备yum源 ##

使用阿里yum源，并将默认yum源文件都移走。

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
    mkdir bak
    mv *.repo bak/

`vim CentOS-Base.repo`

# CentOS-Base.repo
    #
    # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
    # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
    # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
    # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
    #
    # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
    # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
    #
    #
     
    [base]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #released updates 
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [centosplus]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
     
    #contrib - packages by Centos Users
    [contrib]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
    failovermethod=priority
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
            http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

`vim epel-7.repo`

[epel]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
    failovermethod=priority
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
     
    [epel-debuginfo]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch/debug
    failovermethod=priority
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
    gpgcheck=0
     
    [epel-source]
    name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/SRPMS
    failovermethod=priority
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
    gpgcheck=0

`vim docker-ce.repo`

[docker-ce-stable]
    name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
    name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-stable-source]
    name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-edge]
    name=Docker CE Edge - $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/edge
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]
    name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/edge
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-edge-source]
    name=Docker CE Edge - Sources
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/edge
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-test]
    name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
    name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-test-source]
    name=Docker CE Test - Sources
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-nightly]
    name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
    name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
    
    [docker-ce-nightly-source]
    name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
    enabled=0
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

`vim kubernetes.repo`

[kubernetes]
    name=Kubernetes
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=1
    repo_gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

## 2. 安装配置docker ##

v1.11.1版本推荐使用docker v17.03,v1.11,v1.12,v1.13, 也可以使用，再高版本的docker可能无法正常使用。

这里安装v1.13版本。

yum -y install docker
    systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker

docker启动错误解决：

Error starting daemon: SELinux is not supported with the overlay2 graph driver on this kernel. Either boot into a newer kernel or disable selinux in docke...-enabled=false)

修改`/etc/sysconfig/docker`中的`--selinux-enabled=false`

## 3. 安装 kubeadm, kubelet 和 kubectl ##

> 如下操作在所有节点操作

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl ipvsadm
    systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

## 4. 配置系统相关参数 ##

> 如下操作在所有节点操作

# 设置时区
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
    
    # 临时禁用selinux
    # 永久关闭 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件设置
    sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    setenforce 0  # 需要重启生效
    
    # 开启forward
    # Docker从1.13版本开始调整了默认的防火墙规则
    # 禁用了iptables filter表中FOWARD链
    # 这样会引起Kubernetes集群中跨Node的Pod无法通信
    iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    
    # 临时关闭swap
    # 永久关闭 注释/etc/fstab文件里swap相关的行
    swapoff -a
    
    # 开启防火墙允许集群机器间通信（为了方便测试或者直接关闭防火墙）
    firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule 'rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.105.0/24 accept' # # 指定源IP（段），即时生效
    firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule 'rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.105.0/24 accept' --permanent # 指定源IP（段），永久生效
    
    # 配置转发相关参数，否则可能会出错
    cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    vm.swappiness=0
    EOF
    sysctl --system
    
    # 加载ipvs相关内核模块
    # 如果重新开机，需要重新加载
    modprobe ip_vs
    modprobe ip_vs_rr
    modprobe ip_vs_wrr
    modprobe ip_vs_sh
    modprobe nf_conntrack_ipv4
    lsmod | grep ip_vs

## 5. 配置hosts解析 ##

> 如下操作在所有节点操作

cat >>/etc/hosts<<EOF 192.168.105.92 lab1 192.168.105.93 lab2 192.168.105.94 lab3 192.168.105.95 lab4 192.168.105.96 lab5 EOF

## 6. 配置haproxy代理和keepalived ##

> 如下操作在节点lab1,lab2,lab3操作

# 拉取haproxy镜像
    docker pull haproxy:1.7.8-alpine
    mkdir /etc/haproxy
    cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<EOF global log 127.0.0.1 local0 err maxconn 50000 uid 99 gid 99 #daemon nbproc 1 pidfile haproxy.pid defaults mode http log 127.0.0.1 local0 err maxconn 50000 retries 3 timeout connect 5s timeout client 30s timeout server 30s timeout check 2s listen admin_stats mode http bind 0.0.0.0:1080 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err stats refresh 30s stats uri /haproxy-status stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics stats auth will:will stats hide-version stats admin if TRUE frontend k8s-https bind 0.0.0.0:8443 mode tcp #maxconn 50000 default_backend k8s-https backend k8s-https mode tcp balance roundrobin server lab1 192.168.105.92:6443 weight 1 maxconn 1000 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 server lab2 192.168.105.93:6443 weight 1 maxconn 1000 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 server lab3 192.168.105.94:6443 weight 1 maxconn 1000 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 EOF
    
    # 启动haproxy
    docker run -d --name my-haproxy \
    -v /etc/haproxy:/usr/local/etc/haproxy:ro \
    -p 8443:8443 \
    -p 1080:1080 \
    --restart always \
    haproxy:1.7.8-alpine
    
    # 查看日志
    docker logs my-haproxy
    
    # 浏览器查看状态
    http://192.168.105.92:1080/haproxy-status
    http://192.168.105.93:1080/haproxy-status
    http://192.168.105.94:1080/haproxy-status
    
    # 拉取keepalived镜像
    docker pull osixia/keepalived:1.4.4
    
    # 启动
    # 载入内核相关模块
    lsmod | grep ip_vs
    modprobe ip_vs
    
    # 启动keepalived
    # ens32为本次实验192.168.105.0/24网段的所在网卡
    docker run --net=host --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
    -e KEEPALIVED_INTERFACE=ens32 \
    -e KEEPALIVED_VIRTUAL_IPS="#PYTHON2BASH:['192.168.105.99']" \
    -e KEEPALIVED_UNICAST_PEERS="#PYTHON2BASH:['192.168.105.92','192.168.105.93','192.168.105.94']" \
    -e KEEPALIVED_PASSWORD=hello \
    --name k8s-keepalived \
    --restart always \
    -d osixia/keepalived:1.4.4
    
    # 查看日志
    # 会看到两个成为backup 一个成为master
    docker logs k8s-keepalived
    
    # 此时会配置 192.168.105.99 到其中一台机器
    # ping测试
    ping -c4 192.168.105.99
    
    # 如果失败后清理后，重新实验
    #docker rm -f k8s-keepalived
    #ip a del 192.168.105.99/32 dev ens32

## 7. 配置启动kubelet ##

> 如下操作在所有节点操作

# 配置kubelet使用国内pause镜像
    # 配置kubelet的cgroups
    # 获取docker的cgroups
    DOCKER_CGROUPS=$(docker info | grep 'Cgroup' | cut -d' ' -f3)
    echo $DOCKER_CGROUPS
    cat >/etc/sysconfig/kubelet<<EOF KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=$DOCKER_CGROUPS --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1" EOF
    
    # 启动
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet

## 8. 配置master ##

### 8.1 配置第一个master ###

> 如下操作在lab1节点操作

# centos下使用 ipvs 模式问题已解决
    # 参考 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/65461
    
    cd /etc/kubernetes
    # 生成配置文件
    CP0_IP="192.168.105.92"
    CP0_HOSTNAME="lab1"
    cat >kubeadm-master.config<<EOF apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha2 kind: MasterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.11.1 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers apiServerCertSANs: - "lab1" - "lab2" - "lab3" - "192.168.105.92" - "192.168.105.93" - "192.168.105.94" - "192.168.105.99" - "127.0.0.1" api: advertiseAddress: $CP0_IP controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.105.99:8443 etcd: local: extraArgs: listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://$CP0_IP:2379" advertise-client-urls: "https://$CP0_IP:2379" listen-peer-urls: "https://$CP0_IP:2380" initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$CP0_IP:2380" initial-cluster: "$CP0_HOSTNAME=https://$CP0_IP:2380" serverCertSANs: - $CP0_HOSTNAME - $CP0_IP peerCertSANs: - $CP0_HOSTNAME - $CP0_IP controllerManagerExtraArgs: node-monitor-grace-period: 10s pod-eviction-timeout: 10s networking: podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 kubeProxy: config: mode: ipvs # mode: iptables EOF
    
    # 提前拉取镜像
    # 如果执行失败 可以多次执行
    kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-master.config
    
    # 初始化
    # 注意保存返回的 join 命令
    kubeadm init --config kubeadm-master.config
    
    # 初始化失败时使用
    #kubeadm reset
    
    # 将ca相关文件传至其他master节点
    USER=root # customizable
    CONTROL_PLANE_IPS=(lab2 lab3)
    for host in ${CONTROL_PLANE_IPS[@]}; do
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key
        ssh "${USER}"@$host "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd"
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
        scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key
        scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
    done

`kubeadm init`失败解决：  
将阿里云image tag成官方的image，即可解决`init`失败问题。(v1.11.0有此问题)

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.11.1
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:3.2.18 k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.2.18
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.1
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.11.1
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.1.3 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.1.3
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1
    docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1

`docker images` \# 结果如下

docker images
    REPOSITORY                                                                          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64                                                     v1.11.1             214c48e87f58        3 weeks ago         187 MB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64            v1.11.1             214c48e87f58        3 weeks ago         187 MB
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64                                                         v1.11.1             1d3d7afd77d1        3 weeks ago         97.8 MB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy-amd64                v1.11.1             1d3d7afd77d1        3 weeks ago         97.8 MB
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64                                            v1.11.1             55b70b420785        3 weeks ago         155 MB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager-amd64   v1.11.1             55b70b420785        3 weeks ago         155 MB
    k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64                                                     v1.11.1             0e4a34a3b0e6        3 weeks ago         56.8 MB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64            v1.11.1             0e4a34a3b0e6        3 weeks ago         56.8 MB
    k8s.gcr.io/coredns                                                                  1.1.3               b3b94275d97c        2 months ago        45.6 MB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                         1.1.3               b3b94275d97c        2 months ago        45.6 MB
    docker.io/osixia/keepalived                                                         1.4.4               d83816204582        2 months ago        53.7 MB
    registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/gcr-k8s/flannel                                   v0.10.0-amd64       b949a39093d6        2 months ago        44.6 MB
    k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64                                                               3.2.18              b8df3b177be2        3 months ago        219 MB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64                      3.2.18              b8df3b177be2        3 months ago        219 MB
    quay.io/coreos/flannel                                                              v0.10.0-amd64       f0fad859c909        6 months ago        44.6 MB
    k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64                                                              3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        7 months ago        742 kB
    k8s.gcr.io/pause                                                                    3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        7 months ago        742 kB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64                     3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        7 months ago        742 kB
    registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                           3.1                 da86e6ba6ca1        7 months ago        742 kB
    docker.io/haproxy                                                                   1.7.8-alpine        297a495c0e70        12 months ago       14.7 MB

### 8.2 配置第二个master ###

> 如下操作在lab2节点操作

# centos下使用 ipvs 模式问题已解决
    # 参考 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/65461
    
    cd /etc/kubernetes
    # 生成配置文件
    CP0_IP="192.168.105.92"
    CP0_HOSTNAME="lab1"
    CP1_IP="192.168.105.93"
    CP1_HOSTNAME="lab2"
    cat >kubeadm-master.config<<EOF apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha2 kind: MasterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.11.1 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers apiServerCertSANs: - "lab1" - "lab2" - "lab3" - "192.168.105.92" - "192.168.105.93" - "192.168.105.94" - "192.168.105.99" - "127.0.0.1" api: advertiseAddress: $CP1_IP controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.105.99:8443 etcd: local: extraArgs: listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://$CP1_IP:2379" advertise-client-urls: "https://$CP1_IP:2379" listen-peer-urls: "https://$CP1_IP:2380" initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$CP1_IP:2380" initial-cluster: "$CP0_HOSTNAME=https://$CP0_IP:2380,$CP1_HOSTNAME=https://$CP1_IP:2380" initial-cluster-state: existing serverCertSANs: - $CP1_HOSTNAME - $CP1_IP peerCertSANs: - $CP1_HOSTNAME - $CP1_IP controllerManagerExtraArgs: node-monitor-grace-period: 10s pod-eviction-timeout: 10s networking: podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 kubeProxy: config: mode: ipvs # mode: iptables EOF
    
    # 配置kubelet
    kubeadm alpha phase certs all --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase kubelet config write-to-disk --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase kubelet write-env-file --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig kubelet --config kubeadm-master.config
    systemctl restart kubelet
    
    # 添加etcd到集群中
    CP0_IP="192.168.105.92"
    CP0_HOSTNAME="lab1"
    CP1_IP="192.168.105.93"
    CP1_HOSTNAME="lab2"
    export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 
    kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-${CP0_HOSTNAME} -- etcdctl --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --endpoints=https://${CP0_IP}:2379 member add ${CP1_HOSTNAME} https://${CP1_IP}:2380
    kubeadm alpha phase etcd local --config kubeadm-master.config
    
    # 提前拉取镜像
    # 如果执行失败 可以多次执行
    kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-master.config
    
    # 部署
    kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig all --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase controlplane all --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase mark-master --config kubeadm-master.config

### 8.3 配置第三个master ###

> 如下操作在lab3节点操作

# centos下使用 ipvs 模式问题已解决
    # 参考 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/65461
    
    cd /etc/kubernetes
    # 生成配置文件
    CP0_IP="192.168.105.92"
    CP0_HOSTNAME="lab1"
    CP1_IP="192.168.105.93"
    CP1_HOSTNAME="lab2"
    CP2_IP="192.168.105.94"
    CP2_HOSTNAME="lab3"
    cat >kubeadm-master.config<<EOF apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha2 kind: MasterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.11.1 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers apiServerCertSANs: - "lab1" - "lab2" - "lab3" - "192.168.105.92" - "192.168.105.93" - "192.168.105.94" - "192.168.105.99" - "127.0.0.1" api: advertiseAddress: $CP2_IP controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.105.99:8443 etcd: local: extraArgs: listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://$CP2_IP:2379" advertise-client-urls: "https://$CP2_IP:2379" listen-peer-urls: "https://$CP2_IP:2380" initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://$CP2_IP:2380" initial-cluster: "$CP0_HOSTNAME=https://$CP0_IP:2380,$CP1_HOSTNAME=https://$CP1_IP:2380,$CP2_HOSTNAME=https://$CP2_IP:2380" initial-cluster-state: existing serverCertSANs: - $CP2_HOSTNAME - $CP2_IP peerCertSANs: - $CP2_HOSTNAME - $CP2_IP controllerManagerExtraArgs: node-monitor-grace-period: 10s pod-eviction-timeout: 10s networking: podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 kubeProxy: config: mode: ipvs # mode: iptables EOF
    
    # 配置kubelet
    kubeadm alpha phase certs all --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase kubelet config write-to-disk --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase kubelet write-env-file --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig kubelet --config kubeadm-master.config
    systemctl restart kubelet
    
    # 添加etcd到集群中
    CP0_IP="192.168.105.92"
    CP0_HOSTNAME="lab1"
    CP2_IP="192.168.105.94"
    CP2_HOSTNAME="lab3"
    KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
    kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-${CP0_HOSTNAME} -- etcdctl --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --endpoints=https://${CP0_IP}:2379 member add ${CP2_HOSTNAME} https://${CP2_IP}:2380
    kubeadm alpha phase etcd local --config kubeadm-master.config
    
    # 提前拉取镜像
    # 如果执行失败 可以多次执行
    kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-master.config
    
    # 部署
    kubeadm alpha phase kubeconfig all --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase controlplane all --config kubeadm-master.config
    kubeadm alpha phase mark-master --config kubeadm-master.config

## 9. 配置使用kubectl ##

> 如下操作在任意master节点操作

rm -rf $HOME/.kube
    mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

# 查看node节点
    kubectl get nodes
    
    # 只有网络插件也安装配置完成之后，才能会显示为ready状态
    # 设置master允许部署应用pod，参与工作负载，现在可以部署其他系统组件
    # 如 dashboard, heapster, efk等
    kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

## 10. 配置使用网络插件 ##

> 如下操作在任意master节点操作

# 下载配置
    cd /etc/kubernetes
    mkdir flannel && cd flannel
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.10.0/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
    
    # 修改配置
    # 此处的ip配置要与上面kubeadm的pod-network一致
      net-conf.json: |
        { 
          "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
          "Backend": { 
            "Type": "vxlan"
          }
        }
    
    # 修改镜像
    image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/gcr-k8s/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
    
    # 如果Node有多个网卡的话，参考flannel issues 39701，
    # https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/39701
    # 目前需要在kube-flannel.yml中使用--iface参数指定集群主机内网网卡的名称，
    # 否则可能会出现dns无法解析。容器无法通信的情况，需要将kube-flannel.yml下载到本地，
    # flanneld启动参数加上--iface=<iface-name>
        containers:
          - name: kube-flannel
            image: registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/gcr-k8s/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
            command:
            - /opt/bin/flanneld
            args:
            - --ip-masq
            - --kube-subnet-mgr
            - --iface=ens32
    
    # 启动
    kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
    
    # 查看
    kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
    kubectl get svc --namespace kube-system

## 11. 配置node节点加入集群 ##

> 如下操作在所有node节点操作

# 此命令为初始化master成功后返回的结果
    kubeadm join 192.168.105.99:8443 --token j6zjtl.tgptijigkhhnuc23 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f3e9ae0841084185649b6c111b7e992465b81f2442d42871c6a15731a17dabba

node节点报错处理办法：

`tail -f /var/log/message`

Jul 26 07:52:21 localhost kubelet: E0726 07:52:21.336281   10018 summary.go:102] Failed to get system container stats for "/system.slice/kubelet.service": failed to get cgroup stats for "/system.slice/kubelet.service": failed to get container info for "/system.slice/kubelet.service": unknown container "/system.slice/kubelet.service"

在kubelet配置文件追加以下配置  
`/etc/sysconfig/kubelet`

# Append configuration in Kubelet
    --runtime-cgroups=/systemd/system.slice --kubelet-cgroups=/systemd/system.slice

## 12. 配置dashboard ##

默认是没web界面的，可以在master机器上安装一个dashboard插件，实现通过web来管理。

### 12.1 安装Dashboard插件 ###

> 如下操作在任意master节点操作

cd /etc/kubernetes
    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml  # 下载

编辑`kubernetes-dashboard.yaml`文件\`：

- name: kubernetes-dashboard
            image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3

执行命令

# 安装Dashboard插件
    kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
    kubectl get svc,pod --all-namespaces | grep dashboard

可以看到kubernetes-dashboard已正常运行。

kube-system   service/kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.108.96.71   <none>        443:30356/TCP   1m
    kube-system   pod/kubernetes-dashboard-754f4d5f69-nfvrk   0/1       CrashLoopBackOff   3          1m

### 12.2 授予Dashboard账户集群管理权限 ###

需要一个管理集群admin的权限，新建`kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml`文件，内容如下

apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: admin-user
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    # Create ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: admin-user
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: cluster-admin
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: admin-user
      namespace: kube-system

执行命令

kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml

找到kubernete-dashboard-admin的token，用户登录使用

执行命令并查看结果

[root@lab1 kubernetes]# kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user
    admin-user-token-b9mpt                           kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         29s

可以看到名称是kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-ddskx，使用该名称执行如下命令

[root@lab1 kubernetes]# kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
    Name:         admin-user-token-b9mpt
    Namespace:    kube-system
    Labels:       <none>
    Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name=admin-user
                  kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=f1247ca8-9173-11e8-bbc3-000c29ea3e30
    
    Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token
    
    Data
    ====
    token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLWI5bXB0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiJmMTI0N2NhOC05MTczLTExZTgtYmJjMy0wMDBjMjllYTNlMzAiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.g9F6vn84ds6iVi1TJViWaK1oHMsY0vQoV5Xq8n0nF5WF4uJkkToHxs0nHO4G4u927ZWsMuF0JiTD4rKB0uJcnHdc4GwBN6L2XMceD69YCpunLlgoFOFbu6z9IsZfyvHvFAYbm0Tv4JWBYxkCqmeTKtL1GOtobIs24dvfXk6inn51ZhTAUW_urWvIn8yqckOBJkq7B_wf6EZA0QeNEhhbt_GHPpwq0CMhk4cWHXh_a27y-qKkpu5Cbo_Ux2kUA44o1wmiHgbw4Lh-__KJY3LZmIu9PZzyWyIPaUWlSQ76GXHyOZQ8dw3WRANi9zaEpiwi4e4XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
    ca.crt:     1025 bytes
    namespace:  11 bytes

记下这串token，等下登录使用，这个token默认是永久的。

### 12.3 dashboard访问方式 ###

此处推荐API Server方式访问。（谷歌内核浏览器）

#### 12.3.1 `kubectl proxy`方式访问 ####

> 如下操作在lab1上操作

kubectl proxy --address=0.0.0.0 --disable-filter=true

即可通过浏览器访问: `http://192.168.105.92:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login`

> 注意  
> 仪表盘使用kubectl代理命令不应暴露公开,因为它只允许HTTP连接。域以外的localhost和127.0.0.1将不能登录。在登录页面点击登录按钮什么都不会发生后，跳过登录后，没有任何权限。

此方式只允许开发测试使用。为了便于开发测试，以下配置用于提升默认权限为超级用户权限。

`vim kubernetes-dashboard-test.yaml`

apiVersion: v1
    kind: ServiceAccount
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system
    ---
    # Create ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: cluster-admin
    subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system

#### 12.3.2 NodePort方式访问 ####

这种访问方式仪表板只建议在单个节点上设置开发环境。

编辑`kubernetes-dashboard.yaml`文件，添加`type: NodePort`和`nodePort: 30001`，暴露Dashboard服务为30001端口，参考如下。

# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kube-system
    spec:
      type: NodePort  # NodePort登录方式
      ports:
        - port: 443
          targetPort: 8443
          nodePort: 30001  # NodePort登录暴露端口
      selector:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

> 注意  
> 仪表盘可以在master节点上访问，如果是多节点集群，官方文档说应该是使用节点IP和NodePort来访问，但是经过测试，`https://<master-ip>:<nodePort>` 和 `https://<node-ip>:<nodePort>`都可以访问。

#### 12.3.3 API Server方式访问 ####

`https://<master-ip>:<apiserver-port>/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/`

> 注意  
> 这种方式访问仪表盘的仅仅可能在安装了你的用户证书的浏览器上。与API Server通信可以使用示例所使用的证书kubeconfig文件。

浏览器访问问题：

{
      "kind": "Status",
      "apiVersion": "v1",
      "metadata": {
        
      },
      "status": "Failure",
      "message": "services \"https:kubernetes-dashboard:\" is forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get services/proxy in the namespace \"kube-system\"",
      "reason": "Forbidden",
      "details": {
        "name": "https:kubernetes-dashboard:",
        "kind": "services"
      },
      "code": 403
    }

这是因为最新版的k8s默认启用了RBAC，并为未认证用户赋予了一个默认的身份：`anonymous`。

对于API Server来说，它是使用证书进行认证的，我们需要先创建一个证书：

1.  首先找到kubectl命令的配置文件，默认情况下为`/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf`，在 上文 中，我们已经复制到了`$HOME/.kube/config`中。
2.  然后我们使用client-certificate-data和client-key-data生成一个p12文件，可使用下列命令：

# 生成client-certificate-data
    grep 'client-certificate-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.crt
    
    # 生成client-key-data
    grep 'client-key-data' ~/.kube/config | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | base64 -d >> kubecfg.key
    
    # 生成p12
    openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -inkey kubecfg.key -in kubecfg.crt -out kubecfg.p12 -name "kubernetes-client"

1.  最后导入上面生成的p12文件，重新打开浏览器，显示出现选择证书选项，选OK，然后就可以看到熟悉的登录界面了。我们可以使用一开始创建的admin-user用户的token进行登录，一切OK。

> 注意  
> 对于生产系统，我们应该为每个用户应该生成自己的证书，因为不同的用户会有不同的命名空间访问权限。

#### 12.3.4 nginx ingress方式访问 ####

可以动态的更新Nginx配置等，是比较灵活，更为推荐的暴露服务的方式，但也相对比较复杂，业务环境推荐使用。

## 13. 基础测试 ##

测试容器间的通信和DNS  
配置好网络之后，kubeadm会自动部署coredns

如下测试可以在配置kubectl的节点上操作

# 启动名为nginx的容器
    kubectl run nginx --replicas=2 --image=nginx:alpine --port=80
    # 暴露nginx容器为服务（--type=NodePort/ClusterIP/LoadBalancer，3种类型访问方式不同）
    kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --name=example-service-nodeport
    kubectl expose deployment nginx --name=example-service
    # 查看状态
    kubectl get deploy
    kubectl get pods
    kubectl get svc
    kubectl describe svc example-service
    # DNS解析
    kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -i --tty
    nslookup kubernetes
    nslookup example-service
    curl example-service
    # 访问测试
    # 10.103.184.0 为查看svc时获取到的clusterip
    curl "10.103.184.0:80"
    
    # 32223 为查看svc时获取到的 nodeport
    http://192.168.105.93:32223/
    http://192.168.105.94:32223/
    # 清理删除
    kubectl delete svc example-service example-service-nodeport
    kubectl delete deploy nginx curl
    # 高可用测试
    # 关闭任一master节点测试集群是能否正常执行上一步的基础测试，查看相关信息，不能同时关闭两个节点，因为3个节点组成的etcd集群，最多只能有一个当机。
    
    # 查看组件状态
    kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide
    kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide | grep lab1
    kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide | grep lab2
    kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide | grep lab3
    kubectl get nodes -o wide
    kubectl get deploy
    kubectl get pods
    kubectl get svc
    
    # 访问测试
    CURL_POD=$(kubectl get pods | grep curl | grep Running | cut -d ' ' -f1)
    kubectl exec -it $CURL_POD -- sh --tty
    nslookup kubernetes
    nslookup example-service
    curl example-service

## 13. 小技巧 ##

忘记初始master节点时的node节点加入集群命令怎么办

# 简单方法
    kubeadm token create --print-join-command
    
    # 第二种方法
    token=$(kubeadm token generate)
    kubeadm token create $token --print-join-command --ttl=0

## 14. 相关命令 ##

# 查看集群结点状态
    kubectl get nodes
    # 查看详细结点信息
    kubectl describe nodes
    # 查看所有pod
    kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
    # 查看集群服务状态
    kubectl get svc --all-namespaces
    # 查看集群运行在那些ip上
    kubectl cluster-info
    # 查看master的各种token
    kubectl get secret -n kube-system
    # 查看某一个特定的token
    kubectl describe secret/[token name] -n kube-system

参考文档：  
\[1\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/install-kubeadm/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_independent_install-kubeadm]  
\[2\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_independent_create-cluster-kubeadm]  
\[3\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_setup-tools_kubeadm_kubeadm-init]  
\[4\] [https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/high-availability/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_independent_high-availability]  
\[5\] [https://sealyun.com/post/k8s-ipvs/][https_sealyun.com_post_k8s-ipvs]  
\[6\] [http://www.maogx.win/posts/33/][http_www.maogx.win_posts_33]  
\[7\] [https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster][https_github.com_opsnull_follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster]  
\[8\] [https://github.com/xizhibei/blog/issues/64][https_github.com_xizhibei_blog_issues_64]  
\[9\] [https://www.cnblogs.com/RainingNight/p/deploying-k8s-dashboard-ui.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_RainingNight_p_deploying-k8s-dashboard-ui.html]

[http_dockone.io_article_932]: http://dockone.io/article/932
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_minikube]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_setup-tools_kubeadm_kubeadm]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
[https_kubernetes.io_cn_docs_tutorials_kubernetes-basics_cluster-interactive]: https://kubernetes.io/cn/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/cluster-interactive/
[https_labs.play-with-k8s.com]: https://labs.play-with-k8s.com/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_independent_install-kubeadm]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/install-kubeadm/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_independent_create-cluster-kubeadm]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/create-cluster-kubeadm/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_reference_setup-tools_kubeadm_kubeadm-init]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_independent_high-availability]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/high-availability/
[https_sealyun.com_post_k8s-ipvs]: https://sealyun.com/post/k8s-ipvs/
[http_www.maogx.win_posts_33]: http://www.maogx.win/posts/33/
[https_github.com_opsnull_follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster]: https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster
[https_github.com_xizhibei_blog_issues_64]: https://github.com/xizhibei/blog/issues/64
[https_www.cnblogs.com_RainingNight_p_deploying-k8s-dashboard-ui.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/RainingNight/p/deploying-k8s-dashboard-ui.html