SpringMVC入门（基于xml的配置）

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-05-18 07:21 221阅读 0赞

在写spring入门博客之后，今天我来写写关于SpringMVC入门姿势。

环境：IDEA、Tomcat8.5、jdk1.8

Spring MVC 是一个模型 - 视图 - 控制器（MVC）的Web框架建立在中央前端控制器servlet（DispatcherServlet），它负责发送每个请求到合适的处理程序，使用视图来最终返回响应结果的概念。Spring MVC 是 Spring 产品组合的一部分，它享有 Spring IoC容器紧密结合Spring松耦合等特点，因此它有Spring的所有优点。

[http://spring.io/projects/spring-framework][http_spring.io_projects_spring-framework]         官方地址

## 1.新建项目 ##

file-->new-->project

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点击finish完成项目创建。

## 2.项目结构 ##

新建好项目结构是不存在java、resources、test等文件夹结构的。

这个时候就需要我们自己手动创建。并将其转换为我们的文件夹

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转换文件夹的操作是右键点击java文件夹

点击Mark Directory as

选择java Sources Root

这里我的已经转换了

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## 3.pom.xml文件依赖配置 ##

打开pom.xml，配置我们springMVC需要的依赖（下面给出我的配置）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.project</groupId>
        <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
    
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
            <spring.version>4.3.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.11</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.11</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.46</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.6</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.17</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.12</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.12</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.ow2.asm</groupId>
                <artifactId>asm</artifactId>
                <version>5.0.4</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>cglib</groupId>
                <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.7</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
                <version>1.8.11</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.2</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
                <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
                <version>0.9.5.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
                <artifactId>mchange-commons-java</artifactId>
                <version>0.2.15</version>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
            
            <resources>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    </includes>
                </resource>
            </resources>
            <pluginManagement>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.0.0</version>
                    </plugin>
                    
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.0.2</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.7.0</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.20.1</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.2.0</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.5.2</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.8.2</version>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </pluginManagement>
        </build>
    </project>

保存，等待maven下载依赖完成。

## 4.springmvc.xml和web.xml的配置 ##

在resources文件下创建springmvc.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
        <bean id="/hello.do" class="com.spring.controller.MyController"/>
    </beans>

其中

说明了在浏览器访问这个./hello.do会访问到MyController这个控制器。

在webapp文件夹的WEB-INF下的web.xml配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
             id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
      
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
    
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
    </web-app>

## 5.创建controller包和测试 ##

在java下新建com.spring.controller包，在其包下新建MyController类，并实现Controller接口

**注意这里实现的Controller是org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller**

package com.spring.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class MyController implements Controller {
        @Override
        public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
            //实例化ModelAndView
            ModelAndView modelAndView =new ModelAndView();
            modelAndView.addObject("welcome","222222222222");
            //设置视图的名字
            modelAndView.setViewName("/index.jsp");
            //返回该modelandview，表示会自动去寻找这个index.jsp
            return modelAndView;
        }
    }

修改index,jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
    <body>
    <h2>${welcome}</h2>
    </body>
    </html>

运行Tomcat，测试

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打开浏览器，输入[http://localhost:8080/hello.do][http_localhost_8080_hello.do]

由于在springmvc.xml文件中我们已经声明了

所以访问/hello.do就是访问了MyController

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好的，大功告成！

[http_spring.io_projects_spring-framework]: http://spring.io/projects/spring-framework
[70]: /images/20220518/7cceb282b52f43d79aacaee5ca4f3d17.png
[70 1]: /images/20220518/88f27d70fd814a1c88b30d5cb8cc20ec.png
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[70 6]: /images/20220518/35befa8e966b4e25afd6d8bc2f63f9f9.png
[http_localhost_8080_hello.do]: http://localhost:8080/hello.do
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