使用CentOS 7.x 静默安装 Oracle 18c

本是古典何须时尚 2022-05-17 09:28 283阅读 0赞

## 环境检测 ##

物理内存不少于1G

虚拟内存不少于2G

## 安装基本环境 ##

$ yum install bc binutils compat-libcap compat-libstdc glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat

## 创建所需操作系统用户组和用户 ##

$ sudo groupadd oinstall

$ sudo groupadd dba

$ sudo groupadd oper

$ sudo useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

$ sudo passwd oracle

## 检测用户资源限制 ##

[https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/ladbi/checking-resource-limits-for-oracle-software-installation-users.html\#GUID-293874BD-8069-470F-BEBF-A77C06618D5A][https_docs.oracle.com_en_database_oracle_oracle-database_18_ladbi_checking-resource-limits-for-oracle-software-installation-users.html_GUID-293874BD-8069-470F-BEBF-A77C06618D5A]

例如：

$ sudo vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 10240

## 网络配置 ##

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts

\[ifconfig命令显示的eth0的inet的值\]                 Oracle

## 解压oracle安装包至HOME目录 ##

$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1

$ sudo unzip LINUX.X64\_180000\_db\_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1

$ sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

## 配置Oracle安装响应文件 ##

$ sudo vim /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/install/response/db\_install.rsp

根据提示进行配置

例子：

oracle.install.option=INSTALL\_DB\_SWONLY

UNIX\_GROUP\_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY\_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

ORACLE\_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1

ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.OSDBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSOPER\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL\_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=cdb1

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=cdb1

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=\[全局密码\]

## 预先修改环境变量 ##

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

export TMP=/tmp                                   \#日志存放位置

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE\_HOSTNAME=Oracle                \#主机名

export ORACLE\_UNQNAME=cdb1                  \#库名称

export ORACLE\_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/product/18.3/db\_1

export ORACLE\_SID=cdb1                     \#库名称

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE\_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE\_HOME/rdbms/jlib

$ source /etc/profile

$ sudo mkdir /u01/app

$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata

$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata\_back

$ sudo chmod -R 775 /u01/app

$ sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

## 安装oracle ##

$ su – oracle

$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/

$ ./runInstaller -force -silent -responseFile ./install/response/db\_install.rsp

## 执行安装后的脚本 ##

$ exit

$ sudo /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

$ sudo /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/root.sh

## 配置静默监听 ##

$ **su - oracle**

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

$ netca -silent -responsefile /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

$ lsnrctl start

$ lsnrctl status

**如果需要更改监听配置:**

$ lsnrctl stop

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

$ lsnrctl start

## 静默建立数据库 ##

$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

例子：

gdbName=cdb1

sid=cdb1

createAsContainerDatabase=true

numberOfPDBs=1

pdbName=cdb1pdb

templateName=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General\_Purpose.dbc

datafileJarLocation=\{ORACLE\_HOME\}/assistants/dbca/templates/

datafileDestination=\{ORACLE\_BASE\}/oradata/\{DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME\}/

recoveryAreaDestination=\{ORACLE\_BASE\}/fast\_recovery\_area/\{DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME\}

characterSet=AL32UTF8

listeners=LISTENER

initParams=undo\_tablespace=UNDOTBS1,memory\_target=796MB,processes=300,db\_recovery\_file\_dest\_size=2780MB,nls\_language=AMERICAN,dispatchers=(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=cdb1XDB),db\_recovery\_file\_dest=\{ORACLE\_BASE\}/fast\_recovery\_area/\{DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME\},db\_block\_size=8192BYTES,diagnostic\_dest=\{ORACLE\_BASE\},audit\_file\_dest=\{ORACLE\_BASE\}/admin/\{DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME\}/adump,nls\_territory=AMERICA,local\_listener=LISTENER\_CDB1,compatible=18.3.0,control\_files=("\{ORACLE\_BASE\}/oradata/\{DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME\}/control01.ctl","\{ORACLE\_BASE\}/fast\_recovery\_area/\{DB\_UNIQUE\_NAME\}/control02.ctl"),db\_name=cdb1,audit\_trail=db,remote\_login\_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE,open\_cursors=300

memoryPercentage=40

totalMemory=0

$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile  /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

**查看oracle的状态:**

ps -ef | grep ora\_ | grep -v grep

lsnrctl start

## 数据库操作 ##

**sqlplus / as sysdba                           //**** 登录数据库**

select open\_mode from v$database;

select status from v$instance;        //查看数据库状态

alter user sys identified by oracle;      //改sys超级管理员密码

alter user system identified by oracle； //改system管理员密码

exit                                             // 退出数据库

sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba        //使用sys超级管理员登录数据库

startup                                       // 启动数据库

select name from v$database;      //查看数据库

shutdown abort                          //关闭数据库

conn system/oracle                     //切换用户conn后面直接跟用户名和密码就可以

## 设置开机自启动oracle和监听器 ##

**su - oracle**

**vim /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/bin/dbstart**

将ORACLE\_HOME\_LISTNER=$1,修改为ORACLE\_HOME\_LISTNER=$ORACLE\_HOME

**vim /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1/bin/dbshut**

将ORACLE\_HOME\_LISTNER=$1,修改为ORACLE\_HOME\_LISTNER=$ORACLE\_HOME

**vim /etc/oratab**

cdb1: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3/db\_1:Y

**exit**

**sudo vim /etc/rc.local**

su - oracle -c 'dbstart'

su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'

**sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local**

### 参考: ###

[https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/index.html][https_docs.oracle.com_en_database_oracle_oracle-database_18_index.html]

[https://blog.csdn.net/Alisebeast/article/details/79813979][https_blog.csdn.net_Alisebeast_article_details_79813979]

[https_docs.oracle.com_en_database_oracle_oracle-database_18_ladbi_checking-resource-limits-for-oracle-software-installation-users.html_GUID-293874BD-8069-470F-BEBF-A77C06618D5A]: https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/ladbi/checking-resource-limits-for-oracle-software-installation-users.html#GUID-293874BD-8069-470F-BEBF-A77C06618D5A
[https_docs.oracle.com_en_database_oracle_oracle-database_18_index.html]: https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/index.html
[https_blog.csdn.net_Alisebeast_article_details_79813979]: https://blog.csdn.net/Alisebeast/article/details/79813979