使用minikube快速部署k8s集群

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-05-17 07:18 269阅读 0赞

> 本文个人博客地址：[http://www.huweihuang.com/article/kubernetes/install-k8s-by-minikube/][http_www.huweihuang.com_article_kubernetes_install-k8s-by-minikube]
> 
> 以下内容基于Linux系统，特别为Ubuntu系统

## 1. 安装kubectl ##

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && chmod +x kubectl && sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/

下载指定版本，例如下载v1.9.0版本

curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.9.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && chmod +x kubectl && sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/

## 2. 安装minikube ##

`minikube`的源码地址：[https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube][https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube]

### 2.1 安装minikube ###

以下命令为安装`latest`版本的`minikube`。

curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

安装指定版本可到[https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases][https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube_releases]下载对应版本。

例如：以下为安装`v0.28.2`版本

curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/v0.28.2/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

### 2.2 minikube命令帮助 ###

Minikube is a CLI tool that provisions and manages single-node Kubernetes clusters optimized for development workflows.
    
    Usage:
      minikube [command]
    
    Available Commands:
      addons           Modify minikube's kubernetes addons
      cache            Add or delete an image from the local cache.
      completion       Outputs minikube shell completion for the given shell (bash or zsh)
      config           Modify minikube config
      dashboard        Opens/displays the kubernetes dashboard URL for your local cluster
      delete           Deletes a local kubernetes cluster
      docker-env       Sets up docker env variables; similar to '$(docker-machine env)'
      get-k8s-versions Gets the list of Kubernetes versions available for minikube when using the localkube bootstrapper
      ip               Retrieves the IP address of the running cluster
      logs             Gets the logs of the running localkube instance, used for debugging minikube, not user code
      mount            Mounts the specified directory into minikube
      profile          Profile sets the current minikube profile
      service          Gets the kubernetes URL(s) for the specified service in your local cluster
      ssh              Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH; similar to 'docker-machine ssh'
      ssh-key          Retrieve the ssh identity key path of the specified cluster
      start            Starts a local kubernetes cluster
      status           Gets the status of a local kubernetes cluster
      stop             Stops a running local kubernetes cluster
      update-check     Print current and latest version number
      update-context   Verify the IP address of the running cluster in kubeconfig.
      version          Print the version of minikube
    
    Flags:
          --alsologtostderr log to standard error as well as files
      -b, --bootstrapper string The name of the cluster bootstrapper that will set up the kubernetes cluster. (default "localkube")
          --log_backtrace_at traceLocation when logging hits line file:N, emit a stack trace (default :0)
          --log_dir string If non-empty, write log files in this directory
          --loglevel int Log level (0 = DEBUG, 5 = FATAL) (default 1)
          --logtostderr log to standard error instead of files
      -p, --profile string The name of the minikube VM being used.
        This can be modified to allow for multiple minikube instances to be run independently (default "minikube")
          --stderrthreshold severity logs at or above this threshold go to stderr (default 2)
      -v, --v Level log level for V logs
          --vmodule moduleSpec comma-separated list of pattern=N settings for file-filtered logging
    
    Use "minikube [command] --help" for more information about a command.

## 3. 使用minikube安装k8s集群 ##

### 3.1. minikube start ###

可以以`Docker`的方式运行k8s的组件，但需要先安装Docker(可参考[Docker安装][Docker])，启动参数使用`--vm-driver=none`。

minikube start --vm-driver=none

例如：

root@ubuntu:~# minikube start --vm-driver=none Starting local Kubernetes v1.10.0 cluster... Starting VM... Getting VM IP address... Moving files into cluster... Downloading kubeadm v1.10.0 Downloading kubelet v1.10.0 ^[[DFinished Downloading kubelet v1.10.0 Finished Downloading kubeadm v1.10.0 Setting up certs... Connecting to cluster... Setting up kubeconfig... Starting cluster components... Kubectl is now configured to use the cluster. =================== WARNING: IT IS RECOMMENDED NOT TO RUN THE NONE DRIVER ON PERSONAL WORKSTATIONS The 'none' driver will run an insecure kubernetes apiserver as root that may leave the host vulnerable to CSRF attacks When using the none driver, the kubectl config and credentials generated will be root owned and will appear in the root home directory. You will need to move the files to the appropriate location and then set the correct permissions. An example of this is below: sudo mv /root/.kube $HOME/.kube # this will write over any previous configuration sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/.kube sudo chgrp -R $USER $HOME/.kube sudo mv /root/.minikube $HOME/.minikube # this will write over any previous configuration sudo chown -R $USER $HOME/.minikube sudo chgrp -R $USER $HOME/.minikube This can also be done automatically by setting the env var CHANGE_MINIKUBE_NONE_USER=true Loading cached images from config file.

安装指定版本的kubernetes集群

# 查阅版本
    minikube get-k8s-versions
    # 选择版本启动
    minikube start --kubernetes-version v1.7.3 --vm-driver=none

### 3.2. minikube status ###

$ minikube status
    minikube: Running
    cluster: Running
    kubectl: Correctly Configured: pointing to minikube-vm at 172.16.94.139

### 3.3. minikube stop ###

`minikube stop` 命令可以用来停止集群。 该命令会关闭 minikube 虚拟机，但将保留所有集群状态和数据。 再次启动集群将恢复到之前的状态。

### 3.4. minikube delete ###

`minikube delete` 命令可以用来删除集群。 该命令将关闭并删除 minikube 虚拟机。没有数据或状态会被保存下来。

## 4. 查看部署结果 ##

### 4.1. 部署组件 ###

root@ubuntu:~# kubectl get all --namespace=kube-system
    NAME                                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    pod/etcd-minikube                           1/1       Running   0          38m
    pod/kube-addon-manager-minikube             1/1       Running   0          38m
    pod/kube-apiserver-minikube                 1/1       Running   1          39m
    pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube        1/1       Running   0          38m
    pod/kube-dns-86f4d74b45-bdfnx               3/3       Running   0          38m
    pod/kube-proxy-dqdvg                        1/1       Running   0          38m
    pod/kube-scheduler-minikube                 1/1       Running   0          38m
    pod/kubernetes-dashboard-5498ccf677-c2gnh   1/1       Running   0          38m
    pod/storage-provisioner                     1/1       Running   0          38m
    
    NAME                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
    service/kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   38m
    service/kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.104.48.227   <none>        80:30000/TCP    38m
    
    NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR   AGE
    daemonset.apps/kube-proxy   1         1         1         1            1           <none>          38m
    
    NAME                                   DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
    deployment.apps/kube-dns               1         1         1            1           38m
    deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard   1         1         1            1           38m
    
    NAME                                              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
    replicaset.apps/kube-dns-86f4d74b45               1         1         1         38m
    replicaset.apps/kubernetes-dashboard-5498ccf677   1         1         1         38m

### 4.2. dashboard ###

通过访问`ip:port`，例如：[http://172.16.94.139:30000/][http_172.16.94.139_30000]，可以访问k8s的`dashboard`控制台。

![dashboard.png][]

## 5. troubleshooting ##

### 5.1. 没有安装VirtualBox ###

[root@minikube ~]# minikube start
    Starting local Kubernetes v1.10.0 cluster...
    Starting VM...
    Downloading Minikube ISO
     160.27 MB / 160.27 MB [============================================] 100.00% 0s
    E0727 15:47:08.655647    9407 start.go:174] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks.
    : VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path.
    
     Retrying.
    E0727 15:47:08.656994    9407 start.go:180] Error starting host:  Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks.
    : VBoxManage not found. Make sure VirtualBox is installed and VBoxManage is in the path
    ================================================================================
    An error has occurred. Would you like to opt in to sending anonymized crash
    information to minikube to help prevent future errors?
    To opt out of these messages, run the command:
        minikube config set WantReportErrorPrompt false
    ================================================================================
    Please enter your response [Y/n]:

解决方法，先安装VirtualBox。

### 5.2. 没有安装Docker ###

[root@minikube ~]# minikube start --vm-driver=none Starting local Kubernetes v1.10.0 cluster... Starting VM... E0727 15:56:54.936706 9441 start.go:174] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks. : docker cannot be found on the path for this machine. A docker installation is a requirement for using the none driver: exec: "docker": executable file not found in $PATH. Retrying. E0727 15:56:54.938930 9441 start.go:180] Error starting host: Error creating host: Error executing step: Running precreate checks. : docker cannot be found on the path for this machine. A docker installation is a requirement for using the none driver: exec: "docker": executable file not found in $PATH

解决方法，先安装Docker。

文章参考：

[https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube][https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube]

[https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_minikube]

[https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-minikube]

[https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-kubectl]

[http_www.huweihuang.com_article_kubernetes_install-k8s-by-minikube]: http://www.huweihuang.com/article/kubernetes/install-k8s-by-minikube/
[https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube]: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube
[https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube_releases]: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases
[Docker]: https://blog.csdn.net/huwh_/article/details/81506049
[http_172.16.94.139_30000]: http://172.16.94.139:30000/
[dashboard.png]: /images/20220517/7d6a3a6d37a54d82814685a69e125e89.png
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_setup_minikube]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-minikube]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_tools_install-kubectl]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/