Tomcat源码分析(二)-Tomcat的启动流程以及分析

￡神魔★判官ぃ 2022-05-15 22:22 271阅读 0赞

# **整个Tomcat的启动图：** #

![70][]

Bootstrap类：

/**
         * Main method and entry point when starting Tomcat via the provided
         * scripts.
         *
         * @param args Command line arguments to be processed
         */
        public static void main(String args[]) {
    
            if (daemon == null) {
                // Don't set daemon until init() has completed
                Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
                try {
                    bootstrap.init();
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    handleThrowable(t);
                    t.printStackTrace();
                    return;
                }
                daemon = bootstrap;
            } else {
                // When running as a service the call to stop will be on a new
                // thread so make sure the correct class loader is used to prevent
                // a range of class not found exceptions.
                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(daemon.catalinaLoader);
            }
    
            try {
                String command = "start";
                if (args.length > 0) {
                    command = args[args.length - 1];
                }
    
                if (command.equals("startd")) {
                    args[args.length - 1] = "start";
                    daemon.load(args);
                    daemon.start();
                } else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
                    args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
                    daemon.stop();
                } else if (command.equals("start")) {
                    daemon.setAwait(true);
                    daemon.load(args);
                    daemon.start();
                } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
                    daemon.stopServer(args);
                } else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
                    daemon.load(args);
                    if (null==daemon.getServer()) {
                        System.exit(1);
                    }
                    System.exit(0);
                } else {
                    log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                // Unwrap the Exception for clearer error reporting
                if (t instanceof InvocationTargetException &&
                        t.getCause() != null) {
                    t = t.getCause();
                }
                handleThrowable(t);
                t.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(1);
            }
    
        }

Bootstrap类：
       /**
         * Initialize daemon.
         */
        public void init() throws Exception {
    
            initClassLoaders();
    
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);
    
            SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);
    
            // Load our startup class and call its process() method
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("Loading startup class");
            Class<?> startupClass = catalinaLoader.loadClass("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
            Object startupInstance = startupClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
    
            // Set the shared extensions class loader
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("Setting startup class properties");
            String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
            Class<?> paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
            paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
            Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
            paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
            Method method =
                startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
            method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);
    
            catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;
    
        }

当运行到 command是"start"时 代码如下：

if (command.equals("start")) {
                    daemon.setAwait(true);
                    daemon.load(args);
                    daemon.start();
                }

/**
         * Start the Catalina daemon.
         */
        public void start()
            throws Exception {
            if( catalinaDaemon==null ) init();
    
            Method method = catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("start", (Class [] )null);
            method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, (Object [])null);
    
        }

通过Method反射调用了catalinaDaemon的start方法。而catalinaDaemon对象在init()初始化的时候通过

catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;已经赋值。而startupInstance正是org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina类。

所以就相当于 (Catalina)catalinaDaemon.start()方法。

daemon.setAwait(true); setAwait方法设置Server启动完成后是否进入等待状态的标志。

daemon.load(args); load方法用于加载配置文件,创建并初始化Server.

/**
         * Load daemon.
         */
        private void load(String[] arguments)
            throws Exception {
    
            // Call the load() method
            String methodName = "load";
            Object param[];
            Class<?> paramTypes[];
            if (arguments==null || arguments.length==0) {
                paramTypes = null;
                param = null;
            } else {
                paramTypes = new Class[1];
                paramTypes[0] = arguments.getClass();
                param = new Object[1];
                param[0] = arguments;
            }
            Method method =
                catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("Calling startup class " + method);
            method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param);
    
        }

通过反射调用了Catalina类的load方法。

### **1、Catalina类load方法：** ###

/**
         * Start a new server instance.
         */
        public void load() {
    
            if (loaded) {
                return;
            }
            loaded = true;
    
            long t1 = System.nanoTime();
    
            initDirs();
    
            // Before digester - it may be needed
            initNaming();
    
            // Create and execute our Digester
            Digester digester = createStartDigester();
    
            InputSource inputSource = null;
            InputStream inputStream = null;
            File file = null;
            try {
                try {
                    file = configFile(); //路径conf/server.xml
                    inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
                    inputSource = new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file), e);
                    }
                }
                if (inputStream == null) {
                    try {
                        inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                            .getResourceAsStream(getConfigFile());
                        inputSource = new InputSource
                            (getClass().getClassLoader()
                             .getResource(getConfigFile()).toString());
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                                    getConfigFile()), e);
                        }
                    }
                }
    
                // This should be included in catalina.jar
                // Alternative: don't bother with xml, just create it manually.
                if (inputStream == null) {
                    try {
                        inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                                .getResourceAsStream("server-embed.xml");
                        inputSource = new InputSource
                        (getClass().getClassLoader()
                                .getResource("server-embed.xml").toString());
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                                    "server-embed.xml"), e);
                        }
                    }
                }
    
    
                if (inputStream == null || inputSource == null) {
                    if  (file == null) {
                        log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                                getConfigFile() + "] or [server-embed.xml]"));
                    } else {
                        log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                                file.getAbsolutePath()));
                        if (file.exists() && !file.canRead()) {
                            log.warn("Permissions incorrect, read permission is not allowed on the file.");
                        }
                    }
                    return;
                }
    
                try {
                    inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
                    digester.push(this);
                    digester.parse(inputSource);
                } catch (SAXParseException spe) {
                    log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " +
                            spe.getMessage());
                    return;
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " , e);
                    return;
                }
            } finally {
                if (inputStream != null) {
                    try {
                        inputStream.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
    
            getServer().setCatalina(this);
            getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
            getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());
    
            // Stream redirection
            initStreams();
    
            // Start the new server
            try {
                getServer().init();
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
                    throw new java.lang.Error(e);
                } else {
                    log.error("Catalina.start", e);
                }
            }
    
            long t2 = System.nanoTime();
            if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                log.info("Initialization processed in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
            }
        }
    
    
        /*
         * Load using arguments
         */
        public void load(String args[]) {
    
            try {
                if (arguments(args)) {
                    load();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace(System.out);
            }
        }

load方法根据conf/server.xml创建了server对象,并赋值给server属性,

file = configFile();

/**
         * Return a File object representing our configuration file.
         */
        protected File configFile() {
    
            File file = new File(configFile);  
            if (!file.isAbsolute()) {
                file = new File(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBase(), configFile);
            }
            return (file);
    
        }

/**
         * Pathname to the server configuration file.
         */
        protected String configFile = "conf/server.xml";

解释conf/server.xml文件是通过开源项目Digester来完成的。然后通过getServer().init();来启动新server。

// Create and execute our Digester
            Digester digester = createStartDigester();

/**
         * Create and configure the Digester we will be using for startup.
         */
        protected Digester createStartDigester() {
            long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();
            // Initialize the digester
            Digester digester = new Digester();
            digester.setValidating(false);
            digester.setRulesValidation(true);
            HashMap<Class<?>, List<String>> fakeAttributes = new HashMap<>();
            ArrayList<String> attrs = new ArrayList<>();
            attrs.add("className");
            fakeAttributes.put(Object.class, attrs);
            digester.setFakeAttributes(fakeAttributes);
            digester.setUseContextClassLoader(true);
    
            // Configure the actions we will be using
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
                                     "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
                                     "className");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server");
            digester.addSetNext("Server",
                                "setServer",
                                "org.apache.catalina.Server");
    
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                                     "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
            digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                                "setGlobalNamingResources",
                                "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
    
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Listener",
                                     null, // MUST be specified in the element
                                     "className");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/Listener");
            digester.addSetNext("Server/Listener",
                                "addLifecycleListener",
                                "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
    
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service",
                                     "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
                                     "className");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service");
            digester.addSetNext("Server/Service",
                                "addService",
                                "org.apache.catalina.Service");
    
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Listener",
                                     null, // MUST be specified in the element
                                     "className");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Listener");
            digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Listener",
                                "addLifecycleListener",
                                "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
    
            //Executor
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Executor",
                             "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardThreadExecutor",
                             "className");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Executor");
    
            digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Executor",
                                "addExecutor",
                                "org.apache.catalina.Executor");
    
    
            digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
                             new ConnectorCreateRule());
            digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
                             new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"executor"}));
            digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector",
                                "addConnector",
                                "org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector");
    
    
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
                                     null, // MUST be specified in the element
                                     "className");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/Listener");
            digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
                                "addLifecycleListener",
                                "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
    
            // Add RuleSets for nested elements
            digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/GlobalNamingResources/"));
            digester.addRuleSet(new EngineRuleSet("Server/Service/"));
            digester.addRuleSet(new HostRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/"));
            digester.addRuleSet(new ContextRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/"));
            addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Host/Cluster/");
            digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context/"));
    
            // When the 'engine' is found, set the parentClassLoader.
            digester.addRule("Server/Service/Engine",
                             new SetParentClassLoaderRule(parentClassLoader));
            addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Cluster/");
    
            long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("Digester for server.xml created " + ( t2-t1 ));
            }
            return (digester);
    
        }

当执行createStartDigester方法时：

// Configure the actions we will be using
            digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
                                     "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
                                     "className");

当解析xml文件时，遇到“Server”就初始化创建一个“org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer”对象，并且把该对象压入栈顶。

也就是Digester创建了StandardServer实例。而StandardServer是Server的实现类；

![70 1][]

digester.addSetProperties("Server");  //Add a "set properties" rule for the specified 
                                           //parameters.
     digester.addSetNext("Server",
                                "setServer",
                                "org.apache.catalina.Server");

digester.addSetProperties("Server"); 为指定参数设置添加"设置属性"规则。也就是下面要为“Server”添加规则

digester.addSetNext("Server",  
                                 "setServer",  
                  "org.apache.catalina.Server"); 当解析Server节点的时候，调用Server的setServer方法，把当前org.apache.catalina.Server对象写入到setServer方法参数（Server对象）中去。

这样就解释了前面的getServer().setCatalina(this);  
        getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());  
        getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());

的getServer()方法中的Server对象是在digester.addSetNext("Server","setServer","org.apache.catalina.Server");中把Server对象提前set了对象。

还有如:

digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                                     "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
            digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
            digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                                "setGlobalNamingResources",
                                "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");

### 2、Catalina的start方法： ###

Bootstrap类的start方法通过反射调用了Catalina类的start方法。

/**
         * Start a new server instance.
         */
        public void start() {
    
            if (getServer() == null) {
                load();
            }
    
            if (getServer() == null) {
                log.fatal("Cannot start server. Server instance is not configured.");
                return;
            }
    
            long t1 = System.nanoTime();
    
            // Start the new server
            try {
                getServer().start();
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                log.fatal(sm.getString("catalina.serverStartFail"), e);
                try {
                    getServer().destroy();
                } catch (LifecycleException e1) {
                    log.debug("destroy() failed for failed Server ", e1);
                }
                return;
            }
    
            long t2 = System.nanoTime();
            if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                log.info("Server startup in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
            }
    
            // Register shutdown hook  注册关闭钩子
            if (useShutdownHook) {
                if (shutdownHook == null) {
                    shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
                }
                Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
    
                // If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since
                // shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost
                // if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()
                LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
                if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                    ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                            false);
                }
            }
    
            if (await) { //进入等待状态
                await();
                stop();
            }
        }

Catalina类：

public void setAwait(boolean b) {
            await = b;
        }

当Bootstrap类main方法, 运行到 command是"start"时 :

if (command.equals("start")) {
                    daemon.setAwait(true);
                    daemon.load(args);
                    daemon.start();
                }

在这里 把await属性设置为true,进入等待状态。await方法调用了Server的await方法。

**1、StandardServer类的 await方法:**

相当于调用了 StandardServer类的 await方法:

/**
         * Wait until a proper shutdown command is received, then return.
         * This keeps the main thread alive - the thread pool listening for http
         * connections is daemon threads.
         */
        @Override
        public void await() {
            // Negative values - don't wait on port - tomcat is embedded or we just don't like ports //如果端口是-2 则不进入循环，直接返回
            if( port == -2 ) {
                // undocumented yet - for embedding apps that are around, alive.
                return;
            }
            if( port==-1 ) { //如果端口是-1则进入循环,而且无法通过网络退出
                try {
                    awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
                    while(!stopAwait) {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep( 10000 );
                        } catch( InterruptedException ex ) {
                            // continue and check the flag
                        }
                    }
                } finally {
                    awaitThread = null;
                }
                return;
            }
    
            // Set up a server socket to wait on
            try {//端口不是-1，-2，新建一个监听关闭命令的ServerSocket
                awaitSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1,
                        InetAddress.getByName(address));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error("StandardServer.await: create[" + address
                                   + ":" + port
                                   + "]: ", e);
                return;
            }
    
            try {
                awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
    
                // Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command
                while (!stopAwait) {
                    ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
                    if (serverSocket == null) {
                        break;
                    }
    
                    // Wait for the next connection
                    Socket socket = null;
                    StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();
                    try {
                        InputStream stream;
                        long acceptStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        try {
                            socket = serverSocket.accept();
                            socket.setSoTimeout(10 * 1000);  // Ten seconds
                            stream = socket.getInputStream();
                        } catch (SocketTimeoutException ste) {
                            // This should never happen but bug 56684 suggests that
                            // it does.
                            log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.timeout",
                                    Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - acceptStartTime)), ste);
                            continue;
                        } catch (AccessControlException ace) {
                            log.warn("StandardServer.accept security exception: "
                                    + ace.getMessage(), ace);
                            continue;
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            if (stopAwait) {
                                // Wait was aborted with socket.close()
                                break;
                            }
                            log.error("StandardServer.await: accept: ", e);
                            break;
                        }
    
                        // Read a set of characters from the socket
                        int expected = 1024; // Cut off to avoid DoS attack
                        while (expected < shutdown.length()) {
                            if (random == null)
                                random = new Random();
                            expected += (random.nextInt() % 1024);
                        }
                        while (expected > 0) {
                            int ch = -1;
                            try {
                                ch = stream.read();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                log.warn("StandardServer.await: read: ", e);
                                ch = -1;
                            }
                            // Control character or EOF (-1) terminates loop
                            if (ch < 32 || ch == 127) {
                                break;
                            }
                            command.append((char) ch);
                            expected--;
                        }
                    } finally {
                        // Close the socket now that we are done with it
                        try {
                            if (socket != null) {
                                socket.close();
                            }
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            // Ignore
                        }
                    }
    
                    // Match against our command string
                    boolean match = command.toString().equals(shutdown);
                    if (match) {  //如果这里匹配shutdown命令就退出
                        log.info(sm.getString("standardServer.shutdownViaPort"));
                        break;
                    } else
                        log.warn("StandardServer.await: Invalid command '"
                                + command.toString() + "' received");
                }
            } finally {
                ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
                awaitThread = null;
                awaitSocket = null;
    
                // Close the server socket and return
                if (serverSocket != null) {
                    try {
                        serverSocket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }

首先判断端口号

port为-2,则会直接退出，不进入循环。

port为-1，则会进入一个while(!stopAwait)的循环，并在内部没有break跳出的语句,

stopAwait标志只有调用了stop方法才会设置为true,所以port为-1时只有在外部

调用stop方法才会退出循环

port为其他值，则也会进入一个while(!stopAwait)的循环,同时会在port所在端口启动一个ServerSocket来监听关闭命令,如果接收到了则会使用break跳出循环。

这里的端口port和关闭命令，在conf/server.xml中设置 默认如下：

--><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

也就是监听8005端口 SHUTDOWN 命令,如果接收到了就关闭Tomcat.

如果不想使用网络命令来关闭Tomcat 可以设置为-1.

await()方法：

// Control character or EOF (-1) terminates loop
                            if (ch < 32 || ch == 127) {
                                break;
                            }

如果接收到的数据中ASCII码小于32的 (ASCII中32以下的为控制符) 则会从小于32的那个字符截断并丢弃后面的数据。

### **2.Server 的启动** ###

![70 1][]

Server的默认实现是package org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.

StandardServer继承自LifecycleMBeanBase,LifecycleMBeanBase继承自LifecycleBase

public final class StandardServer extends LifecycleMBeanBase implements Server

public abstract class LifecycleMBeanBase extends LifecycleBase  
        implements JmxEnabled

LifecycleBase里的init方法和start方法又调用initInternal方法和startInternal方法。这两个方法都是模板方法,由子类具体实现。

调用StandardServer的init方法和start方法时会执行StandardServer自己的initInternal和startInternal方法。

StandardServer中的initInternal和startInternal方法分别循环调用了每一个service的start和init方法。

LifecycleBase类 的init方法和start方法 ,initInternal方法和startInternal方法 如下:

@Override
        public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException {
            if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
                invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT);
            }
    
            try {
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, null, false);
                initInternal();
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, null, false);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, null, false);
                throw new LifecycleException(
                        sm.getString("lifecycleBase.initFail",toString()), t);
            }
        }
    
    
        protected abstract void initInternal() throws LifecycleException;
    
        /**
         * {@inheritDoc}
         */
        @Override
        public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {
    
            if (LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(state) ||
                    LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(state)) {
    
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    Exception e = new LifecycleException();
                    log.debug(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()), e);
                } else if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    log.info(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.alreadyStarted", toString()));
                }
    
                return;
            }
    
            if (state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
                init();
            } else if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
                stop();
            } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) &&
                    !state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) {
                invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT);
            }
    
            try {
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, null, false);
                startInternal();
                if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) {
                    // This is a 'controlled' failure. The component put itself into the
                    // FAILED state so call stop() to complete the clean-up.
                    stop();
                } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.STARTING)) {
                    // Shouldn't be necessary but acts as a check that sub-classes are
                    // doing what they are supposed to.
                    invalidTransition(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT);
                } else {
                    setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTED, null, false);
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                // This is an 'uncontrolled' failure so put the component into the
                // FAILED state and throw an exception.
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, null, false);
                throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.startFail", toString()), t);
            }
        }
    
    
        /**
         * Sub-classes must ensure that the state is changed to
         * {@link LifecycleState#STARTING} during the execution of this method.
         * Changing state will trigger the {@link Lifecycle#START_EVENT} event.
         *
         * If a component fails to start it may either throw a
         * {@link LifecycleException} which will cause it's parent to fail to start
         * or it can place itself in the error state in which case {@link #stop()}
         * will be called on the failed component but the parent component will
         * continue to start normally.
         *
         * @throws LifecycleException
         */
        protected abstract void startInternal() throws LifecycleException;

### **3、Service的启动过程** ###

Service的默认实现是 package org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.

public class StandardService extends LifecycleMBeanBase implements Service

init方法和start方法也是最终调用了 startInternal()方法和initInternal()方法。

startInternal()方法和initInternal()方法 代码如下:

/**
         * Invoke a pre-startup initialization. This is used to allow connectors
         * to bind to restricted ports under Unix operating environments.
         */
        @Override
        protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    
            super.initInternal();
    
            if (container != null) {
                container.init();
            }
    
            // Initialize any Executors
            for (Executor executor : findExecutors()) {
                if (executor instanceof JmxEnabled) {
                    ((JmxEnabled) executor).setDomain(getDomain());
                }
                executor.init();
            }
    
            // Initialize mapper listener
            mapperListener.init();
    
            // Initialize our defined Connectors
            synchronized (connectorsLock) {
                for (Connector connector : connectors) {
                    try {
                        connector.init();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        String message = sm.getString(
                                "standardService.connector.initFailed", connector);
                        log.error(message, e);
    
                        if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE"))
                            throw new LifecycleException(message);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

/**
         * Start nested components ({@link Executor}s, {@link Connector}s and
         * {@link Container}s) and implement the requirements of
         * {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
         *
         * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
         *  that prevents this component from being used
         */
        @Override
        protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    
            if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                log.info(sm.getString("standardService.start.name", this.name));
            setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
    
            // Start our defined Container first
            if (container != null) {
                synchronized (container) {
                    container.start();
                }
            }
    
            synchronized (executors) {
                for (Executor executor: executors) {
                    executor.start();
                }
            }
    
            mapperListener.start();
    
            // Start our defined Connectors second
            synchronized (connectorsLock) {
                for (Connector connector: connectors) {
                    try {
                        // If it has already failed, don't try and start it
                        if (connector.getState() != LifecycleState.FAILED) {
                            connector.start();
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        log.error(sm.getString(
                                "standardService.connector.startFailed",
                                connector), e);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

init方法和start方法也是最终调用了

startInternal()方法和initInternal()方法 主要调用container/executors/mapperListener/connectors的init和start方法。

\-----mapperListener是Mapper的监听器。可以监听container的变化。

\-----executors是用在connectors中管理线程的线程池。

在server.xml文件中有关于Executor的配置，默认是注释的：

<Service name="Catalina">
    
        
        
    
    
        
        <Connector connectionTimeout="20000" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/>
        
        
        
        
    
        
        <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>
    
    
        
    
        
        <Engine defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">
    
          
          
    
          
          <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
            
            <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
          </Realm>
    
          <Host appBase="webapps" autoDeploy="true" name="localhost" unpackWARs="true">
    
            
            
    
            
            <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"/>
    
          <Context docBase="D:\apache-tomcat-7.0.69\wtpwebapps\tp-user" path="/tp-user" reloadable="true" source="org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:tp-user"/></Host>
        </Engine>

这里注释的 <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"  
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>  Connector 就这样配置了一个tomcatThreadPool的线程池。

最多可以启动150个线程，最少要有4个可用线程。

#      #

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