自定义Ubuntu镜像iso文件

r囧r小猫 2022-05-14 02:21 507阅读 0赞

前几天同事们觉得服务器部署安装环境太麻烦，要求我做出一个自己服务器系统的镜像文件;

一开始使用了respin制作出了镜像文件，然后用这个文件做了U盘启动器，发现直接U盘跑系统都是正常的，

但是到实际install的时候发现最后怎么都无法安装成功，网上大家也都说无法安装，还找不到解决办法;

最后我只好换个工具制作，使用了systemback后成功装机！下面记录下制作和安装过程，主要参考：

[https://community.bwbot.org/topic/167][https_community.bwbot.org_topic_167]

*  安装

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nemh/systemback
    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install systemback unionfs-fuse

*  使用方法

安装完成后在Dash菜单中就能找到这个软件了   
![0\_1488520081214\_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-47-36.png][0_1488520081214_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-47-36.png]

输入管理员密码，打开后界面如下图所示   
![0\_1488520135916\_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-48-49.png][0_1488520135916_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-48-49.png]

如果我们需要创建系统备份，点击Create new 就可以了。下面介绍一下自定义系统的iso文件如何制作。   
1. 点击右侧的Live system create按钮，出现界面如下图所示   
![0\_1488520374959\_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-52-47.png][0_1488520374959_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-52-47.png]   
2. 勾选左侧的include the user data files，这样自己主文件夹内的文件都会被包含在系统镜像中。很多相关的程序的配置文件都是保存在主文件夹内的。Working Directory是设置工作目录，程序运行时产生的临时文件都会被保存在这里。所以一定要保证这里有足够的存储空间。   
3. 点击Create New按钮就开始创建了，等待创建完成。完成后界面如下图所示   
![0\_1488520634884\_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-56-48.png][0_1488520634884_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 13-56-48.png]   
右侧的列表中就是已经创建的备份。我已经创建了两个相关的备份，所以有两个在右侧显示。此时文件没有转换成iso格式，选中你要转换的备份，点击convert to ISO 就可以开始转换了。转换完成后，在你的工作目录下就能找到生成的iso文件。   
![0\_1488520901942\_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 14-01-33.png][0_1488520901942_Screenshot from 2017-03-03 14-01-33.png]

这个文件就可以用来安装系统了。同时还可以作为live系统来使用。

*  U盘启动盘安装

把U盘插入想要安装系统的电脑上。启动时进入BIOS选项，选择从U盘启动。等待载入系统的选择界面。

[![0\_1495595021561\_QQ截图20170524105031.png][0_1495595021561_QQ_20170524105031.png]][0_1495595021561_QQ_20170524105031.png]

如果想要安装系统则选择第二个选项，之后按回车确认。  
等待系统安装程序载入，这个过程和你的机器性能相关，如果机器性能较差可能会载入较长时间。

[![0\_1495595514153\_QQ截图20170524111138.png][0_1495595514153_QQ_20170524111138.png]][0_1495595514153_QQ_20170524111138.png_0_1495595514153_QQ_20170524111138.png]

载入完成之后设置用户信息，注意用户只能是`xiaoqiang`, hostname可以随意设置。

[![0\_1495595659911\_QQ截图20170524111410.png][0_1495595659911_QQ_20170524111410.png]][0_1495595659911_QQ_20170524111410.png_0_1495595659911_QQ_20170524111410.png]

点击下一步进入分区界面。  
选中你要安装的硬盘，然后点击Delete按钮

[![0\_1495595742333\_QQ截图20170524111500.png][0_1495595742333_QQ_20170524111500.png]][0_1495595742333_QQ_20170524111500.png_0_1495595742333_QQ_20170524111500.png]

再次选择硬盘中的新分区

[![0\_1495595803274\_QQ截图20170524111613.png][0_1495595803274_QQ_20170524111613.png]][0_1495595803274_QQ_20170524111613.png_0_1495595803274_QQ_20170524111613.png]

点击箭头进入下一步

[![0\_1495595848336\_QQ截图20170524111719.png][0_1495595848336_QQ_20170524111719.png]][0_1495595848336_QQ_20170524111719.png_0_1495595848336_QQ_20170524111719.png]

再次选择刚才新建的分区  
设置右侧的Mount point，再次点击箭头进入下一步

[![0\_1495595948157\_QQ截图20170524111846.png][0_1495595948157_QQ_20170524111846.png]][0_1495595948157_QQ_20170524111846.png_0_1495595948157_QQ_20170524111846.png]

`勾选transfer user configuration files`

点击右下角的next就可以继续了。如果你还想设置其他分区可以按照以上的步骤进行设置。

[![0\_1495596017069\_QQ截图20170524112010.png][0_1495596017069_QQ_20170524112010.png]][0_1495596017069_QQ_20170524112010.png_0_1495596017069_QQ_20170524112010.png]

等待系统安装完成后重新启动就可以了

[https_community.bwbot.org_topic_167]: https://community.bwbot.org/topic/167
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