Linux通过Nginx配置SSL实现服务器/客户端双向认证（详细）

妖狐艹你老母 2022-05-14 01:25 302阅读 0赞

**1.下载tar.gz格式jdk并配置环境变量（已配置jdk环境的可以忽略第一步）**

**   ****解压jdk压缩包到opt目录下：**

tar zxvf /opt/jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/

**配置环境变量：**

通过vi命令编辑profile文件

vi /etc/profile

按键i开启编辑模式，在文件最后添加：

export JAVA_HOME="/opt/jdk1.8.0_144"
    export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"

** **其中jdk1.8.0\_144为jdk加压后的文件夹，修改完成后，esc键返回命令模式，输入:x保存并退出。

java -version

显示jdk版本，则配置成功。

备注：tomcat下载后解压即可，无需配置环境变量。

**2.安装openssl**

yum install openssl

**3.配置yun源并安装nginx（centos不支持yum 安装 nginx，所以需要配置一下）**

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

增加如下配置：

[nginx]
    name=nginx repo
    baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1

其中"7"代表CentOS7,"x86\_64"代表系统架构。

安装nginx：

yum install nginx

**4.生成nginx证书**

创建证书文件夹，依次输入如下命令：

cd /etc/nginx
    sudo mkdir ca
    cd ca
    sudo mkdir newcerts private conf server users

conf目录新建openssl.conf文件：

vi /etc/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf

增加如下配置：

[ ca ]
    default_ca = myserver
    
    [ myserver ]
    dir = /etc/nginx/ca
    database = /etc/nginx/ca/index.txt
    new_certs_dir = /etc/nginx/ca/newcerts
    
    certificate = /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt
    serial = /etc/nginx/ca/serial
    private_key = /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.key
    RANDFILE = /etc/nginx/ca/private/.rand
    
    default_days = 3650
    default_crl_days = 3650
    default_md = sha256
    unique_subject = no
    
    policy = policy_any
    
    [ policy_any ]
    countryName = match
    stateOrProvinceName = match
    organizationName = match
    localityName = optional
    commonName = supplied
    emailAddress = optional

**   private目录创建根证书**

生成私钥key文件：

sudo openssl genrsa -out /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.key 2048

生成根证书请求csr文件：

sudo openssl req -new -key /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr

生成凭证crt文件：

sudo openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.csr -signkey /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.key -out /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt

设置key起始序列号：

sudo echo FACE > /etc/nginx/ca/serial

创建CA键库：

sudo touch /etc/nginx/ca/index.txt

为 “用户证书” 的移除创建一个证书吊销列表：

sudo openssl ca -gencrl -out /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.crl -crldays 7 -config "/etc/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"

**server目录创建服务器证书**

生成私钥key文件：

sudo openssl genrsa -out /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.key 2048

生成证书请求csr文件：

sudo openssl req -new -key /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.key -out /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.csr

生成凭证crt文件：

sudo openssl ca -in /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.csr -cert /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt -keyfile /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.key -out /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.crt -config "/etc/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"

** users目录创建客户端证书**

生成私钥key文件：

sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.key 2048

生成证书请求csr文件：

sudo openssl req -new -key /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.key -out /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.csr

生成凭证crt文件：

sudo openssl ca -in /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.csr -cert /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt -keyfile /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.key -out /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.crt -config "/etc/nginx/ca/conf/openssl.conf"

**5.修改Nginx配置文件nginx.conf**

user  root;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    #pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        keepalive_timeout  120;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        client_max_body_size 120m;
        client_body_buffer_size 128k;
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
        large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
        open_file_cache max=8192 inactive=20s;
        open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
        open_file_cache_valid 30s;
       
        upstream tomcat_server {
           server 192.168.1.220:8080 fail_timeout=0; 
        }
    
        server {
           listen 443;
           server_name 192.168.1.220;
           ssi on;
           ssi_silent_errors on;
           ssi_types text/shtml;
         
           ssl on;
           ssl_certificate           /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.crt;
           ssl_certificate_key       /etc/nginx/ca/server/server.key;
           ssl_client_certificate    /etc/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt;
          
           ssl_session_timeout 5m;
           ssl_verify_client on;
           
           ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
           ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
           ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    
           charset utf-8;
           access_log logs/host.access.log main;
           error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
           location = /50x.html {
               root html;
           }
    
           location = /favicon.ico {
               log_not_found off;
               access_log off;
               expires 90d;
           }
    
           location / {
               proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
               include proxy.conf;
           }
        }    
    
    
        #include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    }

备注：upstream tomcat\_server中的server修改为nginx转发服务器的ip地址及端口号，server中server\_name为nginx所在服务器ip，此处配置ssl安全认证，故采用https默认端口号443，另外安装nginx后，若根目录没有logs文件夹，可手动创建，否则启动nginx会提示找不到logs文件夹错误。

**6.Nginx代理文件配置**

** **  编辑nginx的proxy.conf文件：

vi /etc/nginx/proxy.conf

添加如下配置：

proxy_redirect 			off;
    proxy_connect_timeout 	60;
    proxy_read_timeout 		600;
    proxy_set_header 		Host 				$host;
    proxy_set_header 		X-Real-IP 			$remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header 		X-Forwarded-For 	$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header 		X-Forwarded-Proto 	$scheme;
    proxy_set_header 		X-SSL-Client-Cert 	$ssl_client_cert;
    proxy_set_header 		X-SSL-DN 			$ssl_client_s_dn;

**7.修改Tomcat配置文件server.xml**

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="20000" 
               redirectPort="8443"
               scheme="https"
               proxyName="192.168.1.220"
               proxyPort="443" />

**至此已配置结束，接下来我们测试一下：**

**8.启动Tomcat和Nginx服务**

**  ** 启动tomcat服务：

opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/bin/startup.sh

打印启动日志：

tail -f opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.20/logs/catalina.out

启动nginx服务：

nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

**9.测试https请求**

**  ** 把客户端证书.crt转化为Windows可安装的.p12格式

sudo openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.crt -inkey /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.key -out /etc/nginx/ca/users/client.p12

生成后把.p12格式的证书拷贝到windows系统上安装，重启浏览器访问https请求，例如：https://192.168.1.220:443，选择刚安装的证书，能显示tomcat或者应用首页则安装成功。