Spring设置注入和构造注入

朱雀 2022-05-13 09:30 285阅读 0赞

在Spring中注入方式有设置注入和构造注入。设置注入就是指要被注入的类中定义有一个setter（）方法，并在参数中定义需要注入的对象。简单的看个例子。

定义有User类，并覆写了toString（）方法。

package com.zcl.spring.setterinjection;
    
    public class User {
    	private String name ;
    	private int age ;
    	private String country ;
    	public String getName() {
    		return name;
    	}
    	public void setName(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    	public int getAge() {
    		return age;
    	}
    	public void setAge(int age) {
    		this.age = age;
    	}
    	public String getCountry() {
    		return country;
    	}
    	public void setCountry(String country) {
    		this.country = country;
    	}
    	public String toString(){
    		return name + " is " + age + " years old,living in " + country ; 
    	}
    }

配置beans.xml文件，通过设置注入为类中属性注入值

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" 
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"> 
    	<bean id="user" class="com.zcl.spring.setterinjection.User">
    		<property name="name" value="Zhao" />
    		<property name="age" value="22" />
    		<property name="country" value="China" />
    	</bean>
    </beans>

测试一下：

package com.zcl.spring.setterinjection;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class Main {
    	public static void main(String args[]){
    		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml") ;
    		User user = (User)context.getBean("user") ;
    		System.out.println(user) ;
    	}
    }

输入结果：

Zhao is 22 years old,living in China

现在我们来看写构造注入，所谓构造注入就是指要被注入的类中声明一个构造方法，并在此方法的参数中定义要注入的对象。修改下刚刚的User类。

package com.zcl.spring.setterinjection;
    
    public class User {
    	private String name ;
    	private int age ;
    	private String country ;
    	
    	public User(String name, int age, String country) {
    		this.name = name;
    		this.age = age;
    		this.country = country;
    	}
    
    	public String toString(){
    		return name + " is " + age + " years old,living in " + country ; 
    	}
    }

配置beans.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" 
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"> 
    	<bean id="user" class="com.zcl.spring.setterinjection.User">
    		<constructor-arg value="Zhao" />
    		<constructor-arg value="22" />
    		<constructor-arg value="China" />
    	</bean>
    </beans>

测试函数一样，打印结果也一样。