TypeError: only integer scalar arrays can be converted to a scalar index（MNIST数据集加载问题）

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2022-05-12 10:04 276阅读 0赞

## 使用TensorFlow 入门（[链接地址][Link 1]）在进行 MNIST 数据集的测试时，使用例子中的  Input\_data.py 源码进行操作加载数据的时候，在进行 extract\_images()  函数操作的时候，出现了 TypeError: only integer scalar arrays can be converted to a scalar index 这个错误，原因在于， \_read32(bytestream) 这个函数。 ##

原函数内容为：

def _read32(bytestream):
        dt = numpy.dtype(numpy.uint32).newbyteorder('>')
        return numpy.frombuffer(bytestream.read(4), dtype=dt)

替换为：

def _read32(bytestream):
        dt = numpy.dtype(numpy.uint32).newbyteorder('>')
        return numpy.frombuffer(bytestream.read(4), dtype=dt)[0]

在后面加了个 \[0\]  原因在于新版的Numpy 需要这个操作。

贴上修改过后的 input\_data.py 源码：

#coding=utf-8
    
    #input_data.py的详解
    #学习读取数据文件的方法，以便读取自己需要的数据库文件（二进制文件）
    """Functions for downloading and reading MNIST data."""
    from __future__ import print_function
    import gzip
    import os
    import urllib
    import urllib.request
    import numpy
    SOURCE_URL = 'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/'
    def maybe_download(filename, work_directory):
      """Download the data from Yann's website, unless it's already here."""
      #判断目录文件是否存在，不存在则创建该目录
      if not os.path.exists(work_directory):
        os.mkdir(work_directory)
      #需要读取的文件路径
      filepath = os.path.join(work_directory, filename)
      if not os.path.exists(filepath):
        filepath, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(SOURCE_URL + filename, filepath)
        statinfo = os.stat(filepath)
        print('Succesfully downloaded', filename, statinfo.st_size, 'bytes.')
      print("filepath:",filepath)
      return filepath
    
    def _read32(bytestream):
      dt = numpy.dtype(numpy.uint32).newbyteorder('>')
      return numpy.frombuffer(bytestream.read(4), dtype=dt)[0]
    
    def extract_images(filename):
      """Extract the images into a 4D uint8 numpy array [index, y, x, depth]."""
      print('Extracting', filename)
      with gzip.open(filename) as bytestream:
        magic = _read32(bytestream)
        if magic != 2051:
          raise ValueError(
              'Invalid magic number %d in MNIST image file: %s' %
              (magic, filename))
        num_images = _read32(bytestream)
        rows = _read32(bytestream)
        cols = _read32(bytestream)
        buf = bytestream.read(rows * cols * num_images)
        data = numpy.frombuffer(buf, dtype=numpy.uint8)
        data = data.reshape(num_images, rows, cols, 1)
        return data
    #将稠密标签向量变成稀疏的标签矩阵
    #eg：若原向量的第i行为3，则对应稀疏矩阵的第i行下标为3的值为1，其余为0
    def dense_to_one_hot(labels_dense, num_classes=10):
      """Convert class labels from scalars to one-hot vectors."""
      num_labels = labels_dense.shape[0]
      index_offset = numpy.arange(num_labels) * num_classes
      labels_one_hot = numpy.zeros((num_labels, num_classes))
      #labels_dense.ravel()将整个数组展成一个一维数组
      #labels_dense.flat[i]即将labels_dense看成一个一维数组，取其第i个变量
      labels_one_hot.flat[index_offset + labels_dense.ravel()] = 1#报错？
      return labels_one_hot
    
    def extract_labels(filename, one_hot=False):
      """Extract the labels into a 1D uint8 numpy array [index]."""
      print('Extracting', filename)
      with gzip.open(filename) as bytestream:
        magic = _read32(bytestream)
        if magic != 2049:
          raise ValueError(
              'Invalid magic number %d in MNIST label file: %s' %
              (magic, filename))
        num_items = _read32(bytestream)
        buf = bytestream.read(num_items)
        labels = numpy.frombuffer(buf, dtype=numpy.uint8)
        if one_hot:
          return dense_to_one_hot(labels)
        return labels
    class DataSet(object):
      def __init__(self, images, labels, fake_data=False):
        if fake_data:
          self._num_examples = 10000
        else:
          assert images.shape[0] == labels.shape[0], (
              "images.shape: %s labels.shape: %s" % (images.shape,
                                                     labels.shape))
          self._num_examples = images.shape[0]
          # Convert shape from [num examples, rows, columns, depth]
          # to [num examples, rows*columns] (assuming depth == 1)
    
          assert images.shape[3] == 1
          images = images.reshape(images.shape[0],
                                  images.shape[1] * images.shape[2])
          # Convert from [0, 255] -> [0.0, 1.0].
          images = images.astype(numpy.float32)
          images = numpy.multiply(images, 1.0 / 255.0)
        self._images = images
        self._labels = labels
        self._epochs_completed = 0
        self._index_in_epoch = 0
      @property
      def images(self):
        return self._images
      @property
      def labels(self):
        return self._labels
      @property
      def num_examples(self):
        return self._num_examples
      @property
      def epochs_completed(self):
        return self._epochs_completed
      def next_batch(self, batch_size, fake_data=False):
        """Return the next `batch_size` examples from this data set."""
        if fake_data:
          fake_image = [1.0 for _ in xrange(784)]
          fake_label = 0
          return [fake_image for _ in xrange(batch_size)], [fake_label for _ in xrange(batch_size)]
        start = self._index_in_epoch
        self._index_in_epoch += batch_size
        #若当前训练读取的index>总体的images数时，则读取读取开始的batch_size大小的数据
        if self._index_in_epoch > self._num_examples:
          # Finished epoch
          self._epochs_completed += 1
          # Shuffle the data
          perm = numpy.arange(self._num_examples)
          numpy.random.shuffle(perm)
          self._images = self._images[perm]
          self._labels = self._labels[perm]
          # Start next epoch
          start = 0
          self._index_in_epoch = batch_size
          assert batch_size <= self._num_examples
        end = self._index_in_epoch
        return self._images[start:end], self._labels[start:end]
    def read_data_sets(train_dir, fake_data=False, one_hot=False):
      class DataSets(object):
        pass
      data_sets = DataSets()
      if fake_data:
        data_sets.train = DataSet([], [], fake_data=True)
        data_sets.validation = DataSet([], [], fake_data=True)
        data_sets.test = DataSet([], [], fake_data=True)
        return data_sets
      TRAIN_IMAGES = 'train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'
      TRAIN_LABELS = 'train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'
      TEST_IMAGES = 't10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'
      TEST_LABELS = 't10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'
      VALIDATION_SIZE = 5000
      local_file = maybe_download(TRAIN_IMAGES, train_dir)
      train_images = extract_images(local_file)
      local_file = maybe_download(TRAIN_LABELS, train_dir)
      train_labels = extract_labels(local_file, one_hot=one_hot)
      local_file = maybe_download(TEST_IMAGES, train_dir)
      test_images = extract_images(local_file)
      local_file = maybe_download(TEST_LABELS, train_dir)
      test_labels = extract_labels(local_file, one_hot=one_hot)
      validation_images = train_images[:VALIDATION_SIZE]
      validation_labels = train_labels[:VALIDATION_SIZE]
      train_images = train_images[VALIDATION_SIZE:]
      train_labels = train_labels[VALIDATION_SIZE:]
      data_sets.train = DataSet(train_images, train_labels)
      data_sets.validation = DataSet(validation_images, validation_labels)
      data_sets.test = DataSet(test_images, test_labels)
      return data_sets

在测试文件中使用：

import input\_data

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("D:\\dataSet\\", one_hot=True)

即可加载数据。

## 或者 直接使用 TF 集成的函数接口直接进行加载数据： ##

## from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input\_data mnist = input\_data.read\_data\_sets('MNIST\_data', one\_hot=True) ##

[Link 1]: http://www.tensorfly.cn/tfdoc/tutorials/mnist_beginners.html