Elasticsearch查询使用

Dear 丶 2022-05-11 05:56 244阅读 0赞

学习笔记：慕课网：elasticsearch入门，讲师：瓦力

Postman直接导入版本在最下边，当前使用elasticsearch-6.4.0。

在 ES2.x 版本字符串数据是没有 keyword 和 text 类型的，只有string类型

ES更新到5版本后，取消了 string 数据类型，代替它的是 keyword 和 text 数据类型  
text：可分词

keyword：无法被分词

"index": "analyzed" 新版本中直接删除

*  "number\_of\_shards": "5",           默认分片数
 *  "number\_of\_replicas": "1",         默认副本数

**一、创建索引**

方式1：先创建，后结构化

1.非结构化索引（索引信息中"mappings": \{ \}）

![70][]

2.给索引添加mappings结构体：

![70 1][]

方式2：直接创建并结构化

![70 2][]

**二、插入数据**

方式1：指定文档id插入，put

![70 3][]

方式2：自动生成文档id，post

![70 4][]

**三、修改数据**

方式1：指定文档id修改数据，post

![70 5][]

方式2：使用脚本语言修改数据，post

![70 6][]

**三、删除文档**

![70 7][]

**四、删除索引**

1.可以通过head插件直接删除。

2.通过API删除。

![70 8][]

**五、简单查询**

1.根据文档id查询

![70 9][]

2.查询所有

![70 10][]

3.分页查询：

![70 11][]

4.关键词查询：

![70 12][]

5.聚合查询：group by

![70 13][]

6.统计查询：

![70 14][] ![70 15][]

查询最小值：

![70 16][] ![70 17][]

**六、高级查询**

**Query context**：含匹配度

**Filter context**：是否匹配（不计算score，会缓存->性能好）

除了需要匹配程度的查询，其余的查询都应该使用filter。

**全文本查询：针对文本类型数据**

**模糊匹配（默认分词）**

{
        "query":{
            "match":{
                "author":"瓦力"
            }
        }
    }

**短语匹配**

{
        "query":{
            "match_phrase":{
                "title":"Elastic搜索"
            }
        }
    }

**字段匹配**

{
        "query":{
            "multi_match":{
                "query":"Elastic搜索",
                "filter": ["author","title"]
            }
        }
    }

**语法查询**

{
        "query":{
            "query_string": {
                "query":"(Elastic搜索 AND 入门) OR Python"
            }
        }
    }

**语法\+****字段**

{
        "query":{
            "query_string": {
                "query":"Elastic OR Python",
                "fields":["title","author"]
            }
        }
    }

**字段级别查询：针对结构化数据，如数字、日期等**

**精确查询（不会分词）**

{
        "query":{
            "term":{
                "word_count":1000
            }
        }
    }

**范围查询**

{
        "query":{
            "range":{
                "word_count":{
                    "gte":1000, //后面这个e就是equal
                    "lte":2000
                }
            }
        }
    }

**日期查询**

{
        "query":{
            "range":{
                "date":{
                    "gte":"2017-1-1", //后面这个e就是equal
                    "lte":"now"
                }
            }
        }
    }

**Filter context****：**

{
        "query": {
            "bool":{
                "filter":{
                    "term":{
                        "word_count":1000
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

**复合查询：**

**固定分数查询**

{
        "query":{
            "constant_score":{    //只支持filter，不支持match
                "filter":{
                    "match":{
                        "title":"Elastic搜索" 
                    }
                },
                "boost":2      //指定分数为2
            }
        }
    }

**shuld****查询：**

{
        "query":{
            "should":[// 相当于OR
                {
                    "match":{
                        "author":"瓦力"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match":{
                        "title":"Elastic搜索"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }

**must****查询：**

{
        "query":{
            "bool":{
                "must":[// 相当于AND
                        {
                        "match":{
                            "author":"瓦力"
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        "match":{
                            "title":"Elastic搜索"
                        }
                    }
                 ],
                 "filter":[
                    "term":{
                        "word_count":1000
                    }   
                ]
            }
        }
    }

**must\_not****查询：**

{
        "query":{
            "bool":{
                "must_not":{// 相当于非
                    "term":{
                        "author":"瓦力"
                    }
                }
            }   
        }
    }

**Postman ： **

{
    	"info": {
    		"_postman_id": "c8cddaa9-194e-4868-b71d-3ca54c149b11",
    		"name": "ES_Demo",
    		"schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json"
    	},
    	"item": [
    		{
    			"name": "cat API",
    			"item": [
    				{
    					"name": "检测集群是否健康",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "GET",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/_cat/health?v",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"_cat",
    								"health"
    							],
    							"query": [
    								{
    									"key": "v",
    									"value": null
    								}
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "获取所有索引",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "GET",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"_cat",
    								"indices"
    							],
    							"query": [
    								{
    									"key": "v",
    									"value": null
    								}
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "获取集群的节点列表",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "GET",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"_cat",
    								"nodes"
    							],
    							"query": [
    								{
    									"key": "v",
    									"value": null
    								}
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				}
    			]
    		},
    		{
    			"name": "restful API",
    			"item": [
    				{
    					"name": "创建索引不结构化",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "PUT",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"type": "text",
    								"value": "application/json"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test?pretty",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test"
    							],
    							"query": [
    								{
    									"key": "pretty",
    									"value": null
    								}
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "查询settings",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "GET",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/_settings?pretty",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"_settings"
    							],
    							"query": [
    								{
    									"key": "pretty",
    									"value": null
    								}
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "添加mappings",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "POST",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"type": "text",
    								"value": "application/json"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": "{\n\t\"book\":{\n\t\t\"properties\":{\n\t\t\t\"title\":{\n\t\t\t\t\"type\" : \"text\"\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}"
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/book/_mappings",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"book",
    								"_mappings"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "创建索引并结构化",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "PUT",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"type": "text",
    								"value": "application/json"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": "{\n    \"setting\": {\n        \"number_of_shards\": 3,\n        \"number_of_replicas\": 1\n    },\n    \"mappings\": {\n        \"book\": {\n            \"properties\": {\n                \"title\": {\n                    \"type\": \"text\"\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}"
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "插入数据",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "PUT",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"type": "text",
    								"value": "application/json"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": "{\n    \"title\":\"标题\"\n}"
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/book/1",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"book",
    								"1"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "修改数据",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "POST",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"type": "text",
    								"value": "application/json"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": "{\n    \"doc\": {\n        \"title\": \"SD卡T恤U型枕新中式全$铜￥吸不成顶灯长方形客厅灯复古大气卧室灯具方形玻璃家用铜灯\"\n    }\n}"
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/book/1/_update",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"book",
    								"1",
    								"_update"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "删除Index",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "DELETE",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "删除Type",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "DELETE",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/esbaiyou/goods/IlNtqGYBOhGO8rInOoUh",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"esbaiyou",
    								"goods",
    								"IlNtqGYBOhGO8rInOoUh"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "查询mappings",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "GET",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/esbaiyou/goods/_mapping?pretty",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"esbaiyou",
    								"goods",
    								"_mapping"
    							],
    							"query": [
    								{
    									"key": "pretty",
    									"value": null
    								}
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "根据文档ID查询",
    					"protocolProfileBehavior": {
    						"disableBodyPruning": true
    					},
    					"request": {
    						"method": "GET",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": ""
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/book/1",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"book",
    								"1"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "查询：模糊匹配",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "POST",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": "{\r\n  \"query\": {\r\n    \"match\": {\r\n      \"title\": \"SD卡T恤U型枕新中式全\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}"
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/book/_search",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"book",
    								"_search"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				},
    				{
    					"name": "查询：短语匹配",
    					"request": {
    						"method": "POST",
    						"header": [
    							{
    								"key": "Content-Type",
    								"name": "Content-Type",
    								"value": "application/json",
    								"type": "text"
    							}
    						],
    						"body": {
    							"mode": "raw",
    							"raw": "{\r\n    \"query\":{\r\n        \"match_phrase\":{\r\n            \"title\":\"SD卡\"\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n"
    						},
    						"url": {
    							"raw": "http://localhost:9200/test/book/_search",
    							"protocol": "http",
    							"host": [
    								"localhost"
    							],
    							"port": "9200",
    							"path": [
    								"test",
    								"book",
    								"_search"
    							]
    						}
    					},
    					"response": []
    				}
    			]
    		}
    	]
    }

错误集锦：

问题：

\[2016-11-15 15:34:44,053\]\[WARN \]\[transport.netty\] \[Korg\] exception caught on transport layer \[\[id:0x64ce55ac,/127.0.0.1:52049 => /127.0.0.1:9300\]\],closing connection  
java.io.IOException: 杩滅▼涓绘満寮鸿揩鍏抽棴浜嗕竴涓幇鏈夌殑杩炴帴銆?

解决：

1.处理乱码：Elasticsearch 的 config/jvm.options 文件里把“-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8”改为“-Dfile.encoding=GBK”  
然后重启 Elasticsearch 。

错误会变成：

2.问题分析：一般是客户端断开连接。

[70]: /images/20220511/bf863a66ab0248d9a908a334e483a888.png
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