SpringMVC-web服务端测试

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2022-05-09 04:06 285阅读 0赞

测试SpringMVC中controller，demo项目采用spring boot方式搭建，依赖使用maven。  
**pom.xml**

<parent>
    	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    	<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
    	<relativePath/> 
    </parent>
    <dependencies>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    	</dependency>
    
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    		<scope>test</scope>
    	</dependency>
    	
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    		<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
    		<scope>provided</scope>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
    		<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
    		<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
    		<version>3.11.1</version>
    		<scope>test</scope>
    	</dependency>
    </dependencies>

**application.properties**

# 页面默认前缀目录
    spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
    # 响应页面默认后缀
    spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
    
    server.port=8080

**测试controller**

package com.example.demo;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
    
    /**
     * @author Walker
     * @since 1.0 2018-09-30
     */
    @Controller
    public class TestController {
    
    	@RequestMapping(value = {"/", "/index"})
        public String index(Map<String, Object> model) {
            model.put("time", new Date());
            return "index";
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/test")
        @ResponseBody
        public String test() {
            return "ok";
        }
        
        @RequestMapping("/upload")
        @ResponseBody
        public String upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
            System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(file.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
            return file.getName();
        }
    
    }

**测试用例，使用TestRestTemplate访问首页：**

**结果：**

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Spring Boot Sample</title>
    </head>
    
    <body>
    Time: Sun Sep 30 15:12:30 CST 2018
    </body>
    </html>

**如果只想测试web层，可以使用@WebMvcTest注解，其参数可指定加载的controller类，如果此时controller类依赖其他bean，如service等，可使用 @MockBean注入bean，否则应用启动报错。**  
**第二个测试用例，使用@WebMvcTest**

package com.example.demo;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    
    import static org.hamcrest.core.StringContains.containsString;
    import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
    
    /**
     * 仅加载web层
     * @author Walker
     * @since 1.0 2018-09-30
     */
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @WebMvcTest(/*TestController.class*/)
    public class WebLayerTest {
    
        @Autowired
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
        @MockBean
        private AsyncTask task;
    
        @Test
        public void test() throws Exception {
            mockMvc.perform(get("/test")).andDo(print())
                    .andExpect(status().isOk())
                    .andExpect(content().string(containsString("ok")));
    
            //当这个方法被调用时,设置方法返回值
            when(task.test()).thenReturn("hello");
            mockMvc.perform(get("/testReturn")).andDo(print())
                    .andExpect(status().isOk())
                    .andExpect(content().string(containsString("hello")));
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test2() throws Exception {
             mockMvc.perform(get("/page1")).andDo(print())
                    .andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/jsp/page/page1.jsp")).andReturn();
        }
        
    }

**test()输出结果：**

MockHttpServletRequest:
          HTTP Method = GET
          Request URI = /test
           Parameters = {}
              Headers = {}
                 Body = <no character encoding set>
        Session Attrs = {}
    
    Handler:
                 Type = com.example.demo.TestController
               Method = public java.lang.String com.example.demo.TestController.test()
    
    Async:
        Async started = false
         Async result = null
    
    Resolved Exception:
                 Type = null
    
    ModelAndView:
            View name = null
                 View = null
                Model = null
    
    FlashMap:
           Attributes = null
    
    MockHttpServletResponse:
               Status = 200
        Error message = null
              Headers = {Content-Type=[text/plain;charset=UTF-8], Content-Length=[2]}
         Content type = text/plain;charset=UTF-8
                 Body = ok
        Forwarded URL = null
       Redirected URL = null
              Cookies = []
    
    MockHttpServletRequest:
          HTTP Method = GET
          Request URI = /testReturn
           Parameters = {}
              Headers = {}
                 Body = <no character encoding set>
        Session Attrs = {}
    
    Handler:
                 Type = com.example.demo.PageController
               Method = public java.lang.String com.example.demo.PageController.testReturn()
    
    Async:
        Async started = false
         Async result = null
    
    Resolved Exception:
                 Type = null
    
    ModelAndView:
            View name = null
                 View = null
                Model = null
    
    FlashMap:
           Attributes = null
    
    MockHttpServletResponse:
               Status = 200
        Error message = null
              Headers = {Content-Type=[text/plain;charset=UTF-8], Content-Length=[5]}
         Content type = text/plain;charset=UTF-8
                 Body = hello
        Forwarded URL = null
       Redirected URL = null
              Cookies = []

**test2()输出结果：**

MockHttpServletRequest:
          HTTP Method = GET
          Request URI = /page1
           Parameters = {}
              Headers = {}
                 Body = <no character encoding set>
        Session Attrs = {}
    
    Handler:
                 Type = com.example.demo.PageController
               Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.example.demo.PageController.page1()
    
    Async:
        Async started = false
         Async result = null
    
    Resolved Exception:
                 Type = null
    
    ModelAndView:
            View name = page/page1
                 View = null
            Attribute = content
                value = Hello Shanhy
    
    FlashMap:
           Attributes = null
    
    MockHttpServletResponse:
               Status = 200
        Error message = null
              Headers = {Content-Language=[en]}
         Content type = null
                 Body = 
        Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/page/page1.jsp
       Redirected URL = null
              Cookies = []

**再看看如何测试上传文件：**

@Test
    public void upload() throws Exception {
        MockMultipartFile file = new MockMultipartFile("file", "test.txt", "text/plain", "filecontent".getBytes());
        mockMvc.perform(multipart("/upload").file(file))
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(status().isOk());
    }

**测试结果：**

MockHttpServletRequest:
          HTTP Method = POST
          Request URI = /upload
           Parameters = {}
              Headers = {Content-Type=[multipart/form-data]}
                 Body = <no character encoding set>
        Session Attrs = {}
    
    Handler:
                 Type = com.example.demo.TestController
               Method = public java.lang.String com.example.demo.TestController.upload(org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.io.IOException
    
    Async:
        Async started = false
         Async result = null
    
    Resolved Exception:
                 Type = null
    
    ModelAndView:
            View name = null
                 View = null
                Model = null
    
    FlashMap:
           Attributes = null
    
    MockHttpServletResponse:
               Status = 200
        Error message = null
              Headers = {Content-Type=[text/plain;charset=UTF-8], Content-Length=[4]}
         Content type = text/plain;charset=UTF-8
                 Body = file
        Forwarded URL = null
       Redirected URL = null
              Cookies = []