Kong与Kubernetes集成的方法

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-04-23 09:06 167阅读 0赞

*  [说明][Link 1]
 *  [先说组成][Link 2]
    
     *  [控制平面与数据平面][Link 3]
 *  [CustomResourceDefinitions][]
 *  [开始部署][Link 4]
 *  [使用演示][Link 5]
 *  [参考][Link 6]

## 说明 ##

这是[API网关Kong的学习笔记][API_Kong]中的一篇，使用过程中遇到的问题和解决方法记录在[API网关Kong的使用过程中遇到的问题以及解决方法][API_Kong 1]。

经过前面的学习([Nginx、OpenResty和Kong的基本概念与使用方法][Nginx_OpenResty_Kong])，对Api网关是什么，以及Kong能够做什么已经有了足够的了解。 现在Kubernetes一统计算资源与应用发布编排的趋势已经形成，我们更关心Kong能否和Kubernetes结合。

Kong是一个Api网关，也是一个特性更丰富的反向代理。既然它有代理流量的功能，那么能不能直接成为Kubernetes的流量入口？使Kubernetes上托管的服务都通过Kong发布。

Kong实现了一个[Kubernetes Ingress Controller][]（后面用kong-ingress-controller指代这个项目）来做这件事。另外把整个Kong部署在Kubernetes中也是可行的，见[Kong CE or EE on Kubernetes][]。

## 先说组成 ##

[Kubernetes Ingress Controller for Kong][Kubernetes Ingress Controller]中介绍了在kubernetes中的部署方法，总共有三部分。

第一部分是数据库。kong不支持mysql，使用的数据库只能是9.4及以上版本的[postgres][]，或者Cassandra 3.x.x。

第二部分是[ingress-controller.yaml][]，是一个Deployment，Pod中有三个容器：

第一个容器是InitContainer，负责初始化数据库；
    
    第二个容器是kong-proxy，只开放了admin接口，负责提供Kong的管理API；
    
    第三个容器是kong-ingress-controller，负责Kubernetes资源与Kong的衔接，监测Kubernetes资源的变动，及时调用Kong的管理API，更新Kong的配置。

第三部分是[kong.yaml][]，可以是Deployment，也可以是Daemonset，pod中只有一个kong-proxy容器，禁用了admin接口，只提供代理服务。

### 控制平面与数据平面 ###

`ingress-controller.yaml`是控制平面，提供管理接口、下发规则；`kong.yaml`是数据平面，反向代理对API的请求。

下面是[kong-ingress-controller][Kubernetes Ingress Controller]中给出的示意图，红色箭头表示控制信息的流动，绿色箭头表示API请求的流动，dataplane就是属于`kong.yaml`的多个Pod：

![kong kubernetes ingress conroller deployment][]

## CustomResourceDefinitions ##

Kubernetes支持自定义资源[Extend the Kubernetes API with CustomResourceDefinitions][]，kong-ingress-controller充分利用了这个简称为CRD的特性。

[Cluster-types.yml][]中定义了`KongPlugin`、`KongConsumer`、`KongCredential`和`KongIngress`四种CRD资源(@2018-09-30 17:19:38)。

[Kong ingress controller: custom types][Kong ingress controller_ custom types]对这四种CRD资源做了说明：

KongConsumer:   kong的用户
    KongPlugin:     kong的插件的配置项
    KongCredential: kong用户的认证凭证
    KongIngress:    对用户创建的ingress的补充配置

KongConsumer定义了kong的用户：

apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
    kind: KongConsumer
    metadata:
      name: <object name>
      namespace: <object namespace>
    username: <user name>
    custom_id: <custom ID>

例如：

apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
    kind: KongConsumer
    metadata:
      name: consumer-team-x
    username: team-X
    custom_id: my_team_x # optional and not recommended, please use `username`

KongCredential是用户的认证凭证，它的`type`与[kong支持的认证方式][kong]一一对应：

apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
    kind: KongCredential
    metadata:
      name: credential-team-x
    consumerRef: consumer-team-x
    type: key-auth
    config:
      key: 62eb165c070a41d5c1b58d9d3d725ca1

KongPlugin是可以具体到用户的插件配置，注意它可是全局配置，也可以是针对某个用户的配置（consumerRef关联到特定用户）：

apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
    kind: KongPlugin
    metadata:
      name: <object name>
      namespace: <object namespace>
      labels:
        global: "true" # optional, please note the quotes around true
    consumerRef: <optional, name of an existing consumer> # optional
    disabled: <boolean>  # optional
    config:
        key: value
    plugin: <name-of-plugin>

例如：

apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
    kind: KongPlugin
    metadata:
      name: http-svc-consumer-ratelimiting
    consumerRef: consumer-team-x
    config:
      hour: 1000
      limit_by: ip
      second: 100
    plugin: rate-limiting

KongIngress是对已经存在的ingress的补充。

Kong-ingress-controller会主动监测kuernetes集群中所有的ingress，为每个配置了host的ingress在kong中创建一个[route][]，为每个被ingress使用的backend在kong中创建一个[service][]。

Ingress是kubernetes定义的([Kubernetes Ingress定义][Kubernetes Ingress])，对于那些与kong相关但是Ingress不支持的配置项，需要在`KongIngress`中配置。Kong-ingress-controller在将kubernetes中Ingress同步到kong的时候，会到同一个namespace中查找Ingress的annotations（`configuration.konghq.com`）中指定的KongIngress，如果在annotations中指定，则查找同名的Ingress。

// kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/internal/ingress/controller/kong.go
    func (n *NGINXController) getKongIngress(ing *extensions.Ingress) (*configurationv1.KongIngress, error) {
    	confName := annotations.ExtractConfigurationName(ing.Annotations)
    	if confName != "" {
    		return n.store.GetKongIngress(ing.Namespace, confName)
    	}
    
    	return n.store.GetKongIngress(ing.Namespace, ing.Name)
    }

下面是一个完成的KongIngress定义，包含`upstream`、`proxy`和`route`三部分：

apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
    kind: KongIngress
    metadata:
      name: configuration-demo
    upstream:
      hash_on: none
      hash_fallback: none
      healthchecks:
        active:
          concurrency: 10
          healthy:
            http_statuses:
            - 200
            - 302
            interval: 0
            successes: 0
          http_path: "/"
          timeout: 1
          unhealthy:
            http_failures: 0
            http_statuses:
            - 429
            interval: 0
            tcp_failures: 0
            timeouts: 0
        passive:
          healthy:
            http_statuses:
            - 200
            successes: 0
          unhealthy:
            http_failures: 0
            http_statuses:
            - 429
            - 503
            tcp_failures: 0
            timeouts: 0
        slots: 10
    proxy:
      protocol: http
      path: /
      connect_timeout: 10000
      retries: 10
      read_timeout: 10000
      write_timeout: 10000
    route:
      methods:
      - POST
      - GET
      regex_priority: 0
      strip_path: false
      preserve_host: true
      protocols:
      - http
      - https

它们的用法在后面章节演示。

## 开始部署 ##

这里主要是学习，直接使用了Master分支中提供的yaml文件（commit: 34e9b4165ab64318d00028f42b797e77dac65e24)，不是正式的Release版本。

创建custerm-types:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/deploy/manifests/custom-types.yaml
    kubectl create -f custom-types.yaml

创建名为kong的namespace，后面yaml描述的任务部署在这个namespace中：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/deploy/manifests/namespace.yaml
    kubectl create -f namespace.yaml

设置RBAC，为kong namespace中的serivceaccount绑定角色，并赋予权限：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/deploy/manifests/rbac.yaml
    kubectl create -f rbac.yaml

部署postgre，这里为了方便直接在Kubernetes部署了，在操作系统上的部署方法参考：[PostgresSQL数据库的基本使用][PostgresSQL]。

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/deploy/manifests/postgres.yaml
    kubectl create -f postgres.yaml

注意postgres.yaml是一个statfulset，并且要为每个Pod绑定PV，如果你的集群不支持，且纯粹试用可以注释掉（这样postgre的pod重建时，数据会丢失）:

...
          volumes:
          - name: datadir
            persistentVolumeClaim:
              claimName: datadir
      volumeClaimTemplates:
      - metadata:
          name: datadir
        spec:
          accessModes:
            - "ReadWriteOnce"
          resources:
            requests:
              storage: 1Gi

部署kube-ingress-controller：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/deploy/manifests/ingress-controller.yaml
    kubectl create -f ingress-controller.yaml

部署kong：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/deploy/manifests/kong.yaml
    kubectl create -f kong.yaml

kong.yaml中少了一个service（commit: 34e9b4165ab64318d00028f42b797e77dac65e24)，需要加上：

---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: kong-proxy
      namespace: kong
    spec:
      type: NodePort
      ports:
      - name: kong-proxy
        port: 80
        targetPort: 8000
        protocol: TCP
      - name: kong-proxy-ssl
        port: 443
        targetPort: 8443
        protocol: TCP
      selector:
        app: kong

确保所有的Pod正常运行：

$ kubectl -n kong get pod -o wide
    NAME                                     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP             NODE
    kong-54875c6bd7-8ttgf                    1/1       Running   0          15s       192.168.78.8   10.10.173.203
    kong-ingress-controller-cfc7dc7d-vnp64   2/2       Running   7          15m       192.168.78.6   10.10.173.203
    postgres-0                               1/1       Running   0          17m       192.168.78.5   10.10.173.203

相关Service的状态：

$ kubectl -n kong get svc
    NAME                      TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
    kong-ingress-controller   NodePort    10.254.147.53   <none>        8001:31627/TCP               27m
    kong-proxy                NodePort    10.254.237.61   <none>        80:32057/TCP,443:31552/TCP   52s
    postgres                  ClusterIP   10.254.77.113   <none>        5432/TCP                     47m

然后可以部署一个第三方提供的Dashboard：[PGBI/kong-dashboard][PGBI_kong-dashboard]：

---
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: kong-dashboard
      namespace: kong
    spec:
      type: NodePort
      ports:
      - name: kong-dashboard
        port: 80
        targetPort: 8080
        protocol: TCP
      selector:
        app: dashboard
    ---
    
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: dashboard
      namespace: kong
    spec:
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            name: dashboard
            app: dashboard
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: kong-dashboard
            args:
            - start
            - --kong-url http://kong-ingress-controller:8001
            - --basic-auth admin=admin
            image: pgbi/kong-dashboard:latest
            ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 8080
              protocol: TCP

## 使用演示 ##

在另一个namespaces中创建一个完整应用：[webshell-all-in-one.yaml][]。

$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/introclass/kubernetes-yamls/master/all-in-one/webshell-all-in-one.yaml
    namespace "demo-webshell" created
    ingress "webshell-ingress" created
    service "webshell" created
    deployment "webshell" created

上面的yaml文件，在`demo-webshell`namespaces中，创建了deployment、serivce和ingress。

创建成功之后，在kong的dashboard中，可以看到自动创建了为`demo-webshell.webshell.80 `的Route：

Service                     Methods    Protocols    Hosts          Paths    Priority    
    demo-webshell.webshell.80   (none)     http         webshell.com   /        0

和一个同名的service：

Name                        Protocol    Host                         Port    PATH
    demo-webshell.webshell.80   http        demo-webshell.webshell.80    80      /

之后可以通过`kong-proxy`服务访问webshell：

// kong-proxy的采用NodePort方式，端口是32057
    kong-proxy                NodePort    10.254.237.61   <none>        80:32057/TCP,443:31552/TCP   52s

访问效果如下，10.10.173.203是kubernetes一个node的IP:

$ curl -v -H "Host: webshell.com" 10.10.173.203:32057
    * About to connect() to 10.10.173.203 port 32057 (#0)
    *   Trying 10.10.173.203...
    * Connected to 10.10.173.203 (10.10.173.203) port 32057 (#0)
    > GET / HTTP/1.1
    > User-Agent: curl/7.29.0
    > Accept: */*
    > Host: webshell.com
    >
    < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
    < Content-Length: 382
    < Connection: keep-alive
    < Date: Mon, 08 Oct 2018 10:59:08 GMT
    < X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 3
    < X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 9
    < Via: kong/0.14.1
    <
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    <title>WebShell</title>
    </head>
    
    <body>
    
    <form method="post" accept-charset="utf-8">
    	Command: <input type="text" name="command" width="40%" value="hostname">
    	Params : <input type="text" name="params" width="80%" value="">
    	<input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form>
    <pre>
    
    webshell-cc785f4f8-2vp6c
    
    </pre>
    </body>
    </html>

## 参考 ##

1.  [Kong CE or EE on Kubernetes][]
2.  [Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller][Kubernetes Ingress Controller]
3.  [Nginx、OpenResty和Kong的基本概念与使用方法][Nginx_OpenResty_Kong]
4.  [Kubernetes Ingress Controller for Kong][Kubernetes Ingress Controller]
5.  [Deployment: ingress-controller.yaml][ingress-controller.yaml]
6.  [Deployment: Kong][kong.yaml]
7.  [Extend the Kubernetes API with CustomResourceDefinitions][]
8.  [Kong ingress controller: custom types][Cluster-types.yml]
9.  [Kong postgres.yaml][postgres]
10. [PostgresSQL数据库的基本使用][PostgresSQL]
11. [Kong Custom Resource Definitions][Kong ingress controller_ custom types]
12. [Nginx、OpenResty和Kong的基本概念与使用方法: Kong的插件][kong]
13. [PGBI/kong-dashboard][PGBI_kong-dashboard]
14. [Kubernetes Ingress][]
15. [Kong: route][route]
16. [Kong: service][service]

[Link 1]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E
[Link 2]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#%E5%85%88%E8%AF%B4%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90
[Link 3]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2
[CustomResourceDefinitions]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#customresourcedefinitions
[Link 4]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2
[Link 5]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%94%E7%A4%BA
[Link 6]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/30/integrate-kubernetes-with-kong.html#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83
[API_Kong]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/tags/class.html
[API_Kong 1]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98/2018/09/30/kong-usage-problem-and-solution.html
[Nginx_OpenResty_Kong]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/29/nginx-openresty-kong.html
[Kubernetes Ingress Controller]: https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller
[Kong CE or EE on Kubernetes]: https://docs.konghq.com/install/kubernetes/
[postgres]: https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/blob/master/deploy/manifests/postgres.yaml
[ingress-controller.yaml]: https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/blob/master/deploy/manifests/ingress-controller.yaml
[kong.yaml]: https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/blob/master/deploy/manifests/kong.yaml
[kong kubernetes ingress conroller deployment]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/master/docs/images/deployment.png
[Extend the Kubernetes API with CustomResourceDefinitions]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/
[Cluster-types.yml]: https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/blob/0.2.0/deploy/manifests/custom-types.yaml
[Kong ingress controller_ custom types]: https://github.com/Kong/kubernetes-ingress-controller/blob/0.2.0/docs/custom-types.md
[kong]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/2018/09/29/nginx-openresty-kong.html#kong%E7%9A%84%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6
[route]: https://docs.konghq.com/0.14.x/admin-api/#route-object
[service]: https://docs.konghq.com/0.14.x/admin-api/#service-object
[Kubernetes Ingress]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
[PostgresSQL]: https://www.lijiaocn.com/%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7/2017/08/31/postgre-usage.html
[PGBI_kong-dashboard]: https://github.com/PGBI/kong-dashboard
[webshell-all-in-one.yaml]: https://github.com/introclass/kubernetes-yamls/blob/master/all-in-one/webshell-all-in-one.yaml