Linux 磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载

水深无声 2022-04-22 16:20 283阅读 0赞

## [Linux 磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载][Linux] ##

2015-09-02 15:12 by AlfredZhao, 24416 阅读, 1 评论, 收藏, [编辑][Link 1]

实验环境: Citrix虚拟化, RHEL6.4系统环境  
本文目的: 熟悉Linux的基本磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载。

1.  显示当前主机目录
2.  磁盘分区
3.  磁盘格式化
4.  挂载目录

# 1. 显示当前主机目录 #

命令`df -h`

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                           26G  2.9G   22G  13% /
    tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/xvda1            485M   32M  428M   7% /boot

# 2. 磁盘分区 #

## 2.1 显示机器当前的磁盘: ##

命令`fdisk -l`

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/xvdb

Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 \* 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

注:这里知道新增磁盘为/dev/xvdb,就直接指定了,缩减显示篇幅。

## 2.2 fdisk 分区 /dev/xvdb: ##

`fdisk /dev/xvdb` 根据帮助提示分区,这里是把/dev/xvdb分成一个区.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0adfd119.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to  
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to  
sectors (command ‘u’).

Command (m for help): m  
Command action  
a toggle a bootable flag  
b edit bsd disklabel  
c toggle the dos compatibility flag  
d delete a partition  
l list known partition types  
m print this menu  
n add a new partition  
o create a new empty DOS partition table  
p print the partition table  
q quit without saving changes  
s create a new empty Sun disklabel  
t change a partition’s system id  
u change display/entry units  
v verify the partition table  
w write table to disk and exit  
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n  
Command action  
e extended  
p primary partition (1\-4)  
p  
Partition number (1\-4): 1  
First cylinder (1\-6527, default 1):  
Using default value 1  
Last cylinder, +cylinders or \+size\{K,M,G\} (1\-6527, default 6527):  
Using default value 6527

Command (m for help): p

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/xvdb1 1 6527 52428096 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w  
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.  
Syncing disks.

# 3. 磁盘格式化 #

命令`mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1`分区为ext4的文件系统格式。

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1 
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks
    655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    400 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
            32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
            4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done  
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done  
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or  
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or \-i to override.

# 4.挂载目录 #

## 4.1 手工挂载 ##

新建目录/u01`mkdir -p /u01`  
挂载设备到目录/u01`mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01`

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /u01

## 4.2 开机自动挂载 ##

修改`/etc/fstab`配置文件,末尾添加一行:

/dev/xvdb1              /u01                    ext4    defaults        0 0

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