java总结之图形界面的简单开发

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-04-14 05:17 192阅读 0赞

个人感觉java的界面开发也算是其优势之一！只要用心，就能做出美轮美奂的界面！下面简单介绍下

java中的简单界面开发是如何实现的！

java提供了Swing开发工具包。它以抽象窗口工具包（AWT）为基础使跨平台应用程序可以使用任何可插

拔的外观风格。Swing开发人员只用很少的代码就可以利用Swing丰富、灵活的功能和模块化组件来创建优雅

的用户界面。

java的图形界面类

1.awt(包名：java.awt)   是在jdk1.4之前推出的图形界面类

2.swing(包名：javax.swing)\[轻量级组件\]

jdk1.4的时候推出的图形界面类

所有的图形界面类的第一个字母是大写J开头的。

awt严格意义上跨平台性能很差。swing是基于java的组件，所以完全具有跨平台特性。

虽然大家都是说awt好，但是感觉一旦需要跨平台时，swing的优势就体现出来了，这也是java的立足之本！

2.常用的组件类（javax.swing）

容器组件

JFrmae 窗体容器

JPanel 面板容器

常用的元素组件有

JLabel 标签

JTextField 文本输入框

JPasswordField 密码输入框

JComboBox 下拉框

JCheckBox 复选框

JButton 按钮

3.常用的布局类（java.awt）

BorderLayout 边框布局

FlowLayout 流式布局

GridLayout 网格布局

布局方面我们还可以按照一定的需要将界面设置为空布局，只是在设置为空布局之后，需要使用setBounds方法将所有添加的容器组件设定坐标！

如果要做一个简单的界面，我们首先要先定义一个类，在类中定义定义主函数和初始化界面的initGUI()方法。

在主函数中实例化类的对象，然后调用initGUI方法。在initGUI()方法中我们可以按需要添加自己想要添加的容器组件！现附上自己写的代码如下，这是我坐的简单的飞机订票系统的界面，在代码中我使用的就是空布局的方法，并且运用了卡牌布局！

package hangban;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.CardLayout;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JMenu;
    import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
    import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;
    import javax.swing.event.TableModelListener;
    import javax.swing.table.TableModel;
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Font;
    import java.awt.List;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    
    
    public class Flight extends JFrame {
    
    		public static void main(String [] args){
    			Flight dl = new Flight();
    			dl.initGUI();
    	}
    
    		
    
    	public void initGUI() {
    		//JFrame jf2;
    		// 主界面控件定义 开始
    		this.setTitle("飞机订票系统");
    		this.setSize(600, 500);
    		this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    		this.setLocation(400, 200);
    
    		JMenuBar jm = new JMenuBar();// 实例化菜单栏的对象
    		JMenu jm1 = new JMenu("主界面");// 实例化菜单项的对象
    		jm.add(jm1);// 添加到菜单栏中
    		JMenu jm2 = new JMenu("航班信息");// 实例化菜单项的对象
    		jm.add(jm2);// 添加到菜单栏中
    		JMenu jm3 = new JMenu("路线查询");// 实例化菜单项的对象
    		jm.add(jm3);// 添加到菜单栏中
    		JMenu jm4 = new JMenu("票务管理");// 实例化菜单项的对象
    		jm.add(jm4);// 添加到菜单栏中
    		
    		JMenuItem jm11 = new JMenuItem("主界面");
    		jm1.add(jm11);
    		// 实例化菜单子项的对象
    		JMenuItem jm21 = new JMenuItem("航班信息录入");
    		JMenuItem jm22 = new JMenuItem("航班信息浏览");
    		JMenuItem jm23 = new JMenuItem("航班信息修改");
    		// 将对象添加到菜单项中
    		jm2.add(jm21);
    		jm2.add(jm22);
    		jm2.add(jm23);
    	
    		JMenuItem jm31 = new JMenuItem("按班次查询");
    		JMenuItem jm32 = new JMenuItem("按终点站查询");
    		jm3.add(jm31);
    		jm3.add(jm32);
    
    		JMenuItem jm41 = new JMenuItem("售票");
    		JMenuItem jm42 = new JMenuItem("退票");
    		jm4.add(jm41);
    		jm4.add(jm42);
    
    		
    	this.setJMenuBar(jm);
    	final CardLayout card = new CardLayout();
    	final JPanel jp = new JPanel();//主要的面板，该面板是被设定成卡片布局的面板。
    	jp.setLayout(card);
    	JPanel j1 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j2 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j3 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j4 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j5 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j6 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j7 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j8 = new JPanel();
    	JPanel j9 = new JPanel();//提供能够翻转的9个面板
    	
    	
    	JLabel jl12 = new JLabel("欢迎使用飞机订票系统");
    	j1.add(jl12);
    	jl12.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 50));
    	ImageIcon bk = new ImageIcon("3.jpg");
    	JLabel jl11 = new JLabel(bk);
    	j1.add(jl11);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk1 = new ImageIcon("1.jpg");
    	JLabel jl21 = new JLabel(bk1);
    	j2.add(jl21);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk2 = new ImageIcon("2.jpg");
    	JLabel jl22 = new JLabel(bk2);
    	//j3.add(jl22);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk3 = new ImageIcon("4.jpg");
    	JLabel jl23 = new JLabel(bk3);
    	j4.add(jl23);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk4 = new ImageIcon("5.jpg");
    	JLabel jl31 = new JLabel(bk4);
    	j5.add(jl31);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk5 = new ImageIcon("6.jpg");
    	JLabel jl32 = new JLabel(bk5);
    	j6.add(jl32);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk6 = new ImageIcon("7.jpg");
    	JLabel jl41 = new JLabel(bk6);
    	j7.add(jl41);
    	
    	ImageIcon bk7 = new ImageIcon("8.jpg");
    	JLabel jl42 = new JLabel(bk7);
    	j8.add(jl42);//添加9个可翻转的卡片，并添加背景图片
    
    	jp.add(j1,"11");
    	jp.add(j2,"21");
    	jp.add(j3,"22");
    	jp.add(j4,"23");
    	jp.add(j5,"31");
    	jp.add(j6,"32");
    	jp.add(j7,"41");
    	jp.add(j8,"42");
    	jp.add(j9,"5");//给9个卡片面板添加到主面板，并起名字
    	this.add(jp);
    	//菜单项，主界面事件监听
    	 jm11.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    		   	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    				card.show(jp,"11");
    		}});
    	
    	 //菜单项，航班信息录入事件监听器
    	 jm21.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    		   	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    		   		JFrame jf = new JFrame();
    		   		jf.setTitle("航班浏览");
    		   		jf.setSize(700,300);
    		   		jf.setLocation(200,200);
    		   		jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(2);
    		   		jf.setResizable(false);//禁止更改窗口大小
    		   		//设置航班信息录入的界面
    		   		JButton jb1 = new JButton("录入信息");
    		   		jb1.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20));
    		   		JButton jb2 = new JButton("保存信息");
    		   		jb2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 20));
    		   		JPanel jp24 = new JPanel();
    		   		jf.add(jp24,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    		   		jp24.add(jb1,BorderLayout.WEST);
    		   		jp24.add(jb2,BorderLayout.EAST);
    		   		//运用JTabel，设置表格，
    		   		
    		   		
    		   		
    		   		
    						 
    		   		String[] columnNames={"班次","起飞时间","起点站","终点站","飞行时间","额定载量","已售票人数"};
    				final Object[][] rowData={
         {"1","8:00","天津","广汉","2","145","120"},
    									{"2","6:30","天津","成都","0.5","140","140"},
    									{"3","7:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
    									{"4","10:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},};
    						 JTable jt=new JTable(rowData,columnNames);
    						 JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
    						 jt.setRowHeight(35);
    					   	 jf.add(sp);
    						 card.show(jp,"21");
    				//具体航班信息的录入窗口		 
    		   		jb1.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    		   				
    		   			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
    		   
    		   				JFrame jf1 = new JFrame();
    				   		jf1.setTitle("航班信息录入");
    				   		jf1.setLayout(null);
    				   		jf1.setSize(700,200);
    				   		jf1.setLocation(200,300);
    				   		jf1.setDefaultCloseOperation(2);
    				   		jf1.setResizable(false);//禁止更改窗口大小
    				   		JLabel jl211 = new JLabel("班次");
    				   		jl211.setBounds(0,0,80,50);
    				   		JLabel jl212 = new JLabel("起飞时间");
    				   		jl212.setBounds(100,0,80,50);
    				   		JLabel jl213 = new JLabel("起点站");
    				   		jl213.setBounds(200,0,80,50);
    				   		JLabel jl214 = new JLabel("终点站");
    				   		jl214.setBounds(300,0,80,50);
    				   		JLabel jl215 = new JLabel("起飞时间");
    				   		jl215.setBounds(400,0,80,50);
    				   		JLabel jl216 = new JLabel("额定载量");
    				   		jl216.setBounds(500,0,80,50);
    				   		JLabel jl217 = new JLabel("已售票人数");
    				   		jl217.setBounds(600,0,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt211 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt211.setBounds(0,50,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt212 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt212.setBounds(100,50,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt213 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt213.setBounds(200,50,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt214 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt214.setBounds(300,50,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt215 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt215.setBounds(400,50,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt216 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt216.setBounds(500,50,80,50);
    				   		final JTextField jt217 = new JTextField(10);
    				   		jt217.setBounds(600,50,80,50);
    				   		jf1.add(jt211);
    				   		jf1.add(jt212);
    				   		jf1.add(jt213);
    				   		jf1.add(jt214);
    				   		jf1.add(jt215);
    				   		jf1.add(jt216);
    				   		jf1.add(jt217);
    				   		jf1.add(jl211);
    				   		jf1.add(jl212);
    				   		jf1.add(jl213);
    				   		jf1.add(jl214);
    				   		jf1.add(jl215);
    				   		jf1.add(jl216);
    				   		jf1.add(jl217);
    
    				   		JButton jb2 = new JButton("确定录入");
    						 jb2.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD,12));
    						 jb2.setBounds(300,120,100,40);
    						 jf1.add(jb2);
    						 
    						JButton jb3 = new JButton("添加航班");
    						 jb3.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD,12));
    						 jb3.setBounds(200,120,100,40);
    						 jf1.add(jb3);
    	
    						 jb3.addActionListener(new actionL(jt211,jt212,jt213,jt214,jt215,jt216,jt217){
    							
    
    							public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    							 String str1 = jt211.getText();
    							 String str2 = jt211.getText();
    							 String str3 = jt211.getText();
    							 String str4 = jt211.getText();
    							 String str5 = jt211.getText();
    							 String str6 = jt211.getText();
    							 String str7 = jt211.getText();
    							 Object[][] rowData = new Object[][]{
         {"1","8:00","天津","广汉","2","145","120"},	
    									 				{"2","6:30","天津","成都","0.5","140","140"},
    									 				{"3","7:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
    									 				{"4","10:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
    									 				{str1,str2,str3,str4,str5,str6,str7}
    									 				};}
    						 });
    						 
    						 actionL al = new actionL(jf1);
    						 jb2.addActionListener(al);								
    						 jf1.setVisible(true);
    						 }});
    
    		   		 		jf.setVisible(true);
    		   	}});
    	
    	
    		jm22.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    				
    		   		/*JTable tab=new JTable();//创建一个表格对象
    		   		List list = getList();//得到要显示的用户列表对象
    		   		User us = new User(list);//创建我们实现的TableModel对象。
    		   		tab.setModel(us);//将模型设给表格
    		   		j3.add(tab);
    		   		ArrayList nlist = new ArrayList();*/
    		   		
    		   		
    		   		
    				
    				String[] columnNames={"班次","起飞时间","起点站","终点站","飞行时间","额定载量","已售票人数"};
    				Object[][] rowData={
         {"1","8:00","天津","广汉","2","145","120"},
    									{"2","6:30","天津","成都","0.5","140","140"},
    									{"3","7:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},
    									{"4","10:00","天津","成都","0.5","140","120"},};
    						 
    				JTable jt=new JTable(rowData,columnNames);		
    				JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);
    		   		jt.setRowHeight(35);
    		   		jp.add(sp,"00");
    		   		card.show(jp,"22");
    			}
    
    			private List getList() {
    				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    				return null;
    			}});
    		
    		jm23.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
    				card.show(jp,"23");
    			}});
    		
    		jm31.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    			
    			public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
    				
    				card.show(jp,"5");
    				
    			}});
    		
    		jm32.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    			
    			public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
    				card.show(jp,"32");
    			}});
    		
    		jm41.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    	
    			public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
    		card.show(jp,"41");
    	}});
    
    		jm42.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    	
    			public void actionPerformed(final ActionEvent e){
    		card.show(jp,"42");
    	}});
    
    		
    		//录入班次信息
    		jm21.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
    				
    			}});
    
    		this.setVisible(true);
    	}
    
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    class actionL implements ActionListener{
    	JTextField jt;
    	JFrame _jf;
    	
    	public actionL(JFrame jf){
    		this._jf = jf;
    	}
    	
    
    	@Override
    	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		_jf.dispose();
    	}
    
    	public actionL(JTextField jt11,JTextField jt12,JTextField jt13,JTextField jt14,JTextField jt15,JTextField jt16,JTextField jt17){
    		this.jt = jt11;
    		this.jt = jt12;
    		this.jt = jt13;
    		this.jt = jt14;
    		this.jt = jt15;
    		this.jt = jt16;
    		this.jt = jt17;
    	}
    	public void actionPerformed1(ActionEvent e) {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		
    	}
    }

这是本学期期末做的学期末课程设计，因时间不够充裕，遂把用界面化实现所有功能的想法放弃了，目前只能显示界面！稍有不完善！  其中添加了监听器，并且运用了卡牌布局以及空布局方式，虽然结果是失败了，但是那几天我学会了很多东西，并且那种刻苦钻研之后的来的知识已经深深的映在我的脑海中了，换个角度想想，也许我也可以算是成功了！