scrapy爬虫实战：伪装headers构造假IP骗过ip138.com

梦里梦外; 2022-04-11 12:09 703阅读 0赞

### scrapy爬虫实战：伪装headers构造假IP骗过ip138.com ###

*  Middleware 中间件伪造Header
 *   *  Util.py
     *  middlewares.py
     *  settings.py
     *  ip138.py

我们在爬虫的过程中，经常遇到IP被封的情况，那么有没有伪装IP的方案呢，对于一些简单的网站我们只要伪造一下headers就可以了。

我们一般来说想知道自己的IP，只需要访问一下 [http://www.ip138.com/][http_www.ip138.com] 就可以知道自己的IP了  
![ip138.com][]

使用浏览器检查工具，具体查看一下  
![检查][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQzMDAzNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

就可以发现，实际上，IP信息来源于 [http://2018.ip138.com/ic.asp][http_2018.ip138.com_ic.asp]  
即  
![2018.ip138.com][]

最终来说就是，我们只需要访问 [http://2018.ip138.com/ic.asp][http_2018.ip138.com_ic.asp] 就可以知道自己的IP了。那么我们今天的目标就是伪造一下headers骗过 [ip138.com][ip138.com 1]

# Middleware 中间件伪造Header #

## [Util.py][] ##

编写一个可以动态伪造ip和agent的工具类

#! /usr/bin/env python3
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    import random
    from tutorial.settings import USER_AGENT_LIST
    
    class Util(object):
        def get_header(host='www.baidu.com',ip=None):
            if ip is None:
                ip = str(random.choice(list(range(255)))) + '.' + str(random.choice(list(range(255)))) + '.' + str(
                    random.choice(list(range(255)))) + '.' + str(random.choice(list(range(255))))
            return { 
                'Host': host,
                'User-Agent': random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST),
                'server-addr': '',
                'remote_user': '',
                'X-Client-IP': ip,
                'X-Remote-IP': ip,
                'X-Remote-Addr': ip,
                'X-Originating-IP': ip,
                'x-forwarded-for': ip,
                'Origin': 'http:/' + host,
                "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
                "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
                "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
                "Referer": "http://" + host + "/",
                'Content-Length': '0',
                "Connection": "keep-alive"
            }

## [middlewares.py][] ##

[middlewares.py][] 设置动态headers

from scrapy import signals
    from backend.libs.Util import Util
    from scrapy.http.headers import Headers
    
    class TutorialDownloaderMiddleware(object):
        def process_request(self, request, spider):
            request.headers = Headers(Util.get_header('2018.ip138.com'))

## [settings.py][] ##

[settings.py][] 配置动态Agent 启用middlewares

USER_AGENT_LIST=[
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
    ]
    
    # Enable or disable downloader middlewares
    # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
    DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 
        'tutorial.middlewares.TutorialDownloaderMiddleware': 1,
    }

## [ip138.py][] ##

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import scrapy
    
    class Ip138Spider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'ip138'
        allowed_domains = ['www.ip138.com','2018.ip138.com']
        start_urls = ['http://2018.ip138.com/ic.asp']
        
        def parse(self, response):
            print("*" * 40)
            print("response text: %s" % response.text)
            print("response headers: %s" % response.headers)
            print("response meta: %s" % response.meta)
            print("request headers: %s" % response.request.headers)
            print("request cookies: %s" % response.request.cookies)
            print("request meta: %s" % response.request.meta)

运行查看效果  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQzMDAzNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

伪造成功。

[GitHub源代码][GitHub]

[http_www.ip138.com]: http://www.ip138.com/
[ip138.com]: /images/20220411/cb232c88616f492b8900dd33baa58d26.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQzMDAzNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220411/5d4db75501ea4902b514857f056d513f.png
[http_2018.ip138.com_ic.asp]: http://2018.ip138.com/ic.asp
[2018.ip138.com]: /images/20220411/87cfce34e09442ba9ec75ad9e8361a2b.png
[ip138.com 1]: http://ip138.com
[Util.py]: http://Util.py
[middlewares.py]: http://middlewares.py
[settings.py]: http://settings.py
[ip138.py]: http://ip138.py
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQzMDAzNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220411/611677424a414d2db17df50a8a6dc6c6.png
[GitHub]: https://github.com/Jaysong2012/tutorial