随机生成指定长度的字符串

r囧r小猫 2022-04-11 08:46 402阅读 0赞

在工作中，需要随机产生数据库中的字符，以免主键冲突或者违反唯一性约束，特简单写了一个并在此记录一下，在这里产生的方式主要有两种，一种方法是通过随机产生一个个字符，另一种方法是通过UUID方式生成。

代码如下所示：

package com.bijian.test;
    
    import java.util.Random;
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    public class RandomUtils {
        
        public static final String allChar = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        public static final String letterChar = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        public static final String numberChar = "0123456789";
    
        /**
         * 由大小写字母、数字组成的随机字符串
         * @param length
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateString(int length) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            Random random = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                sb.append(allChar.charAt(random.nextInt(allChar.length())));
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * 由大小写字母组成的随机字符串
         * @param length
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateMixString(int length) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            Random random = new Random();
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                sb.append(letterChar.charAt(random.nextInt(letterChar.length())));
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * 由小字字母组成的随机字符串
         * @param length
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateLowerString(int length) {
            return generateMixString(length).toLowerCase();
        }
    
        /**
         * 由大写字母组成的随机字符串
         * @param length
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateUpperString(int length) {
            return generateMixString(length).toUpperCase();
        }
    
        /**
         * 产生指字个数的0组成的字符串
         * @param length
         * @return
         */
        public static String generateZeroString(int length) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                sb.append('0');
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * 将数字转化成指字长度的字符串
         * @param num
         * @param fixdlenth
         * @return
         */
        public static String toFixdLengthString(long num, int fixdlenth) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            String strNum = String.valueOf(num);
            if (fixdlenth - strNum.length() >= 0) {
                sb.append(generateZeroString(fixdlenth - strNum.length()));
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("将数字" + num + "转化为长度为" + fixdlenth + "的字符串发生异常!");
            }
            sb.append(strNum);
            return sb.toString();
        }
    
        /**
         * 将数字转化成指字长度的字符串
         * @param num
         * @param fixdlenth
         * @return
         */
        public static String toFixdLengthString(int num, int fixdlenth) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            String strNum = String.valueOf(num);
            if (fixdlenth - strNum.length() >= 0) {
                sb.append(generateZeroString(fixdlenth - strNum.length()));
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("将数字" + num + "转化为长度为" + fixdlenth + "的字符串发生异常!");
            }
            sb.append(strNum);
            return sb.toString();
        }
        
        /**
         * 这个方法只支持最大长度为32的随机字符串,如要支持更大长度的，可以适当修改此方法，如前面补、后面补，或者多个uuid相连接
         * @param length
         * @return
         */
        private static String toFixedLengthStringByUUID(int length) {
            
            //也可以通过UUID来随机生成
            UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
            return uuid.toString().replace("-", "").substring(0, length);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            
            System.out.println(generateString(32));
            System.out.println(generateMixString(32));
            System.out.println(generateLowerString(32));
            System.out.println(generateUpperString(32));
            System.out.println(generateZeroString(32));
            System.out.println(toFixdLengthString(123, 32));
            System.out.println(toFixdLengthString(123L, 32));
            
            System.out.println(toFixedLengthStringByUUID(32));
        }
    }