Python3.7.2 +Windows 10 + visual studio 2017编译安装

曾经终败给现在 2022-04-10 13:41 247阅读 0赞

在windows上玩Python编译学习，基本上没什么要说的，Python把一切工作都做得很到位，几乎没什么难度。  
（如果你需要学习Python源码，那就要调试版，此时要加上--with-pydebug，更详细的过程可以参考官方说明：  
 [https://devguide.python.org/][https_devguide.python.org]）

另外要说明的是，这里所说的Python，是指我们一般情况下使用的CPython。

### 编译过程 ###

安装好visual studio, 在安装时选定python3(64)支持和python工具。

Python的官网上下载：Python-3.7.2.tar.xz

[https://www.python.org/downloads/source/][https_www.python.org_downloads_source]

[https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-372/][https_www.python.org_downloads_release_python-372]

[https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz][https_www.python.org_ftp_python_3.7.2_Python-3.7.2.tar.xz]

解压完后， win+R启动cmd界面，直接进入PCBuild目录

D:\\dir\\Python372\\PCbuild

输入命令build即可开始编译，过程中会下载一些文件包，请保持网络畅通。（这一步可以省掉，如果没下载那些包visual studio也会去下载，会不会有所不同就不知道了，反正我的tcltk和openssl都是自己手动配置的）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbm14MjE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

用visual studio打开pcbuild.sln文件，点击项目重新开始编译（注意选64位平台，debug模式），因为前面已经下载了相关文件，项目又比较小，很快就会编译好，此时会有一些报错，主要是tcltk-8.6.8.0和openssl的相关文件和库没有准备好（官方提供的配置不知道要到哪里去下载，总之对应不上），要去下载安装，并到相关项目下配置就OK了。

### 相关包 ###

tcltk包是这个：ActiveTcl-8.6.8.0-MSWin32-x64.exe，注意配置库文件的时候需要配置tcl86t.lib和tk86t.lib，否则会报无法链接成功。

在这里下载：

[https://www.activestate.com/products/activetcl/][https_www.activestate.com_products_activetcl]

[https://www.activestate.com/products/activetcl/downloads/thank-you/?dl=https://downloads.activestate.com/ActiveTcl/releases/8.6.8.0/ActiveTcl-8.6.8.0-MSWin32-x64.exe][https_www.activestate.com_products_activetcl_downloads_thank-you_dl_https_downloads.activestate.com_ActiveTcl_releases_8.6.8.0_ActiveTcl-8.6.8.0-MSWin32-x64.exe]

Openssl包貌似各种版本都可以，我用的是这个：Win64OpenSSL-1\_1\_1a.exe

下载地址：

[https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html][https_slproweb.com_products_Win32OpenSSL.html]

[https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1\_1\_1a.exe][https_slproweb.com_download_Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1a.exe]

我用的上述包编译，一次全部通过，具体如何添加头文件和库文件就不用说了吧！

### python开发的官网指导 ###

我的编译过程和官网的不同，官网推荐采用git来管理代码库，原文在这里：

[https://devguide.python.org/][https_devguide.python.org]  
[https://cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io/index.html][https_cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io_index.html]

其中的步骤描述摘录如下

1.  Install and set up [Git][] and other dependencies (see the [Get Setup][] page for detailed information).
2.  Fork [the CPython repository][] to your GitHub account and [get the source code][] using:
    
        git clone https://github.com/<your_username>/cpython
3.  Build Python, on UNIX and Mac OS use:
    
        ./configure --with-pydebug && make -j
    
    and on **Windows** use:
    
        PCbuild\build.bat -e -d
    
    See also [more detailed instructions][], [how to install and build dependencies][], and the plaform-specific pages for [UNIX][], [Mac OS][], and [Windows][].
4.  [Run the tests][]:
    
        ./python -m test -j3
    
    On [most][] Mac OS X systems, replace `./python` with `./python.exe`. On Windows, use `python.bat`. With Python 2.7, replace `test` with `test.regrtest`.
5.  Create a new branch where your work for the issue will go, e.g.:
    
        git checkout -b fix-issue-12345 master
    
    If an issue does not already exist, please [create it][]. Trivial issues (e.g. typo fixes) do not require any issue to be created.
6.  Once you fixed the issue, run the tests, run `make patchcheck`, and if everything is ok, commit.

### Linux Ubuntu18.04 ###

现在18.04新安装的系统没有gcc，在安装Python前需要手动安装gcc

$sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall

然后，一般命令列一下

./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-pydebug 
    make -j8 -s
    make install

详情参考：《Ubuntu中编译安装多个Python版本》  
[https://blog.csdn.net/tanmx219/article/details/86518446][https_blog.csdn.net_tanmx219_article_details_86518446]

### 源码开发与解读 ###

[https://cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io/][https_cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io]

[https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html][https_docs.python.org_3_contents.html]

[https://devguide.python.org/exploring/][https_devguide.python.org_exploring] （这里以表格的形式列出了不少参考资料，我在下面也同样列出）

<table>  
 <strong>Current references</strong>  
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Title</th> 
   <th style="width:310px;">Brief</th> 
   <th style="width:155px;">Author</th> 
   <th>Version</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://hackmd.io/s/ByMHBMjFe" rel="nofollow">A guide from parser to objects, observed using GDB</a></td> 
   <td style="width:310px;">Code walk from Parser, AST, Sym Table and Objects</td> 
   <td style="width:155px;">Louie Lu</td> 
   <td>3.7.a0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://greentreesnakes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" rel="nofollow">Green Tree Snakes</a></td> 
   <td style="width:310px;">The missing Python AST docs</td> 
   <td style="width:155px;">Thomas Kluyver</td> 
   <td>3.6</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://paper.dropbox.com/doc/Yet-another-guided-tour-of-CPython-XY7KgFGn88zMNivGJ4Jzv" rel="nofollow">Yet another guided tour of CPython</a></td> 
   <td style="width:310px;">A guide for how CPython REPL works</td> 
   <td style="width:155px;">Guido van Rossum</td> 
   <td>3.5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="http://pgbovine.net/python-async-io-walkthrough.htm" rel="nofollow">Python Asynchronous I/O Walkthrough</a></td> 
   <td style="width:310px;">How CPython async I/O, generator and coroutine works</td> 
   <td style="width:155px;">Philip Guo</td> 
   <td>3.5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://pythonextensionpatterns.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" rel="nofollow">Coding Patterns for Python Extensions</a></td> 
   <td style="width:310px;">Reliable patterns of coding Python Extensions in C</td> 
   <td style="width:155px;">Paul Ross</td> 
   <td>3.4</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table>  
 <strong>Historical references</strong>  
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th style="width:321px;">Title</th> 
   <th style="width:328px;">Brief</th> 
   <th style="width:132px;">Author</th> 
   <th>Version</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:321px;"><a href="https://tech.blog.aknin.name/category/my-projects/pythons-innards/" rel="nofollow">Python’s Innards Series</a></td> 
   <td style="width:328px;">ceval, objects, pystate and miscellaneous topics</td> 
   <td style="width:132px;">Yaniv Aknin</td> 
   <td>3.1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:321px;"><a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net/tag/python-internals" rel="nofollow">Eli Bendersky’s Python Internals</a></td> 
   <td style="width:328px;">Objects, Symbol tables and miscellaneous topics</td> 
   <td style="width:132px;">Eli Bendersky</td> 
   <td>3.x</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:321px;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nzNN1jeNCC_bg1LADCvtTuGKvcyMskV1w8Ad2iLlwoI/" rel="nofollow">A guide from parser to objects, observed using Eclipse</a></td> 
   <td style="width:328px;">Code walk from Parser, AST, Sym Table and Objects</td> 
   <td style="width:132px;">Prashanth Raghu</td> 
   <td>2.7.12</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:321px;"><a href="http://pgbovine.net/cpython-internals.htm" rel="nofollow">CPython internals: A ten-hour codewalk through the Python interpreter source code</a></td> 
   <td style="width:328px;">Code walk from source code to generators</td> 
   <td style="width:132px;">Philip Guo</td> 
   <td>2.7.8</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 附加资料： ###

使用visual studio2017 可同时对python源码和C/C++源码进行调试：  
[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/python/debugging-mixed-mode-c-cpp-python-in-visual-studio?view=vs-2017][https_docs.microsoft.com_en-us_visualstudio_python_debugging-mixed-mode-c-cpp-python-in-visual-studio_view_vs-2017]

[https_devguide.python.org]: https://devguide.python.org/
[https_www.python.org_downloads_source]: https://www.python.org/downloads/source/
[https_www.python.org_downloads_release_python-372]: https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-372/
[https_www.python.org_ftp_python_3.7.2_Python-3.7.2.tar.xz]: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Rhbm14MjE5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220328/cbf6d9c7033142eea3b0719f0b0cac1f.png
[https_www.activestate.com_products_activetcl]: https://www.activestate.com/products/activetcl/
[https_www.activestate.com_products_activetcl_downloads_thank-you_dl_https_downloads.activestate.com_ActiveTcl_releases_8.6.8.0_ActiveTcl-8.6.8.0-MSWin32-x64.exe]: https://www.activestate.com/products/activetcl/downloads/thank-you/?dl=https://downloads.activestate.com/ActiveTcl/releases/8.6.8.0/ActiveTcl-8.6.8.0-MSWin32-x64.exe
[https_slproweb.com_products_Win32OpenSSL.html]: https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html
[https_slproweb.com_download_Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1a.exe]: https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1a.exe
[https_cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io_index.html]: https://cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io/index.html
[Git]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#vcsetup
[Get Setup]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#setup
[the CPython repository]: https://github.com/python/cpython
[get the source code]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#checkout
[more detailed instructions]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#compiling
[how to install and build dependencies]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#build-dependencies
[UNIX]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#unix-compiling
[Mac OS]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#macos
[Windows]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#windows-compiling
[Run the tests]: https://devguide.python.org/runtests/
[most]: https://devguide.python.org/setup/#mac-python-exe
[create it]: https://bugs.python.org/
[https_blog.csdn.net_tanmx219_article_details_86518446]: https://blog.csdn.net/tanmx219/article/details/86518446
[https_cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io]: https://cpython-devguide.readthedocs.io/
[https_docs.python.org_3_contents.html]: https://docs.python.org/3/contents.html
[https_devguide.python.org_exploring]: https://devguide.python.org/exploring/
[https_docs.microsoft.com_en-us_visualstudio_python_debugging-mixed-mode-c-cpp-python-in-visual-studio_view_vs-2017]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/python/debugging-mixed-mode-c-cpp-python-in-visual-studio?view=vs-2017