各编译器对C++11的支持比较

小鱼儿 2022-04-10 08:38 349阅读 0赞

**转载请注明出处为[KlayGE游戏引擎][KlayGE]，本文的永久链接为[http://www.klayge.org/?p=2154][http_www.klayge.org_p_2154]**

在[KlayGE首次引入C++11特性][KlayGE_C_11]之后，我顺便调研了一下个主流编译器对C++11的支持度，以便在下个版本中加入更多的C++11元素。这里还列出了在不支持的时候，可以采用的替代方案。主要参考了[C++11 Features in Visual C++ 11][C_11 Features in Visual C_ 11]，[Status of Experimental C++0x Support in GCC 4.6][Status of Experimental C_0x Support in GCC 4.6]，[Status of Experimental C++0x Support in GCC 4.7][Status of Experimental C_0x Support in GCC 4.7]，[Boost][]。

### C++11 Core Language Features ###

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>VC 10</td> 
 <td>VC 11</td> 
 <td>GCC 4.6</td> 
 <td>GCC 4.7</td> 
 <td>替代方案</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Rvalue references</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.Move</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Rvalue references for *this</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Non-static data member initializers</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Variadic templates</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Initializer lists</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>static_assert</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.Static Assert</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>auto</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.Typeof</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Trailing return types</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.ReturnType</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Lambdas</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.Lambda</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>decltype</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.Typeof</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Right angle brackets</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>TR1</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Default template arguments for function templates</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Expression SFINAE</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Alias templates</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Extern templates</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>nullptr</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>自己实现的null_ptr</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Strongly typed enums</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>#define</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Forward declared enums</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Attributes</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>constexpr</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Alignment</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Delegating constructors</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Inheriting constructors</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Explicit conversion operators</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>char16_t and char32_t</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Unicode string literals</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Raw string literals</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Universal character names in literals</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>User-defined literals</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Standard-layout and trivial types</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Defaulted and deleted functions</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Extended friend declarations</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Extended sizeof</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Inline namespaces</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Unrestricted unions</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Local and unnamed types as template arguments</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Range-based for-loop</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Boost.Foreach</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>override and final</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>#define</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>Minimal GC support</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td>noexcept</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>No</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>Yes</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### C++11 Core Language Features: Concurrency ###

#### C++11 Core Language Features: C99 ####

### C++11 Library ###

其中，斜体的Yes表示VC 11和GCC 4.7都支持，同时还有非C++11的替代方案，所以很可能在下一版本的KlayGE中使用到。从上面的表可以看出，Library的支持度相当好。即使编译器不支持，也可以很容易地用Boost替换掉。语言核心则还远不到完美，但最常用的基本都已经涵盖了。有些feature，比如foreach和auto，用Boost在库级别支持，对编译速度有很大影响。换用C++11在核心语言级别支持的话应该有较大幅度的编译性能提升。

[KlayGE]: http://www.klayge.org/
[http_www.klayge.org_p_2154]: http://www.klayge.org/?p=2154
[KlayGE_C_11]: http://www.klayge.org/2012/11/20/klayge%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%BC%95%E5%85%A5c11%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7/
[C_11 Features in Visual C_ 11]: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vcblog/archive/2011/09/12/10209291.aspx
[Status of Experimental C_0x Support in GCC 4.6]: http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.6/cxx0x_status.html
[Status of Experimental C_0x Support in GCC 4.7]: http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.7/cxx0x_status.html
[Boost]: http://www.boost.org/