Spring Boot笔记之邮件（spring-boot-starter-mail）

Myth丶恋晨 2022-04-08 09:55 2316阅读 0赞

### Spring Boot环境中发送邮件 ###

*  pom.xml引入\`spring-boot-starter-mail\`
 *  application.yml配置
 *   *  163邮箱
     *  QQ邮箱
     *  Gmail邮箱
 *  发送邮件
 *   *   *  service实现类
     *  templates模版
     *  测试
 *  结语

# pom.xml引入`spring-boot-starter-mail` #

Spring Boot2.x集成了mail模块，在`dependencies`引入这个

<dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
    </dependency>

# application.yml配置 #

spring:
    	mail:
        	# 163
        	host: smtp.163.com
        	port:
        	username: yimcarson@163.com
        	password: ************
        	protocol: smtp
        	default-encoding: UTF-8
        	properties:
          		mail.smtp.auth: true
          		mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true
          		mail.smtp.starttls.required: true
          		mail.smtp.socketFactory.port: 465
          		mail.smtp.socketFactory.class: javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
          		mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback: false

其中`spring.mail.host` `spring.mail.port` `spring.mail.username` `spring.mail.password`不同邮箱的配置方法也不同

## 163邮箱 ##

spring:
    	mail:
        		host: smtp.163.com
        		port:
        		username: yimcarson@163.com
        		password: ************

其中`spring.mail.port`不指定；`spring.mail.password`不是邮箱密码，需要登录`mail.163.com`，前往`设置` `客户端授权密码`中获取的一个16个字符的密码，同时允许POP3/SMTP服务。

![163邮箱设置1][163_1]

![163邮箱设置2][163_2]

## QQ邮箱 ##

spring:
    	mail:
        		host: smtp.qq.com
        		port: 587
        		username: yimcarson@qq.com
        		password: ************

`spring.mail.password`不是QQ密码，登录`mail.qq.com`，前往`设置` `账户` `POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务`开启`POP3/SMTP服务`获取一个16个字符的密码

![mail.163.com设置][mail.163.com]

## Gmail邮箱 ##

spring:
    	mail: 
    		host: smtp.gmail.com
    		port: 465
    		username: yimcarson@gmail.com
    		password: ****************

`spring.mail.password`是Gmail的密码，但是要前往Google账户的[安全性较低的应用的访问权限][Link 1]中允许不安全应用。

![Google账户设置][Google]

# 发送邮件 #

这是一个验证码模版邮件

### service实现类 ###

import com.my.demo.project.service.MailService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
    import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
    import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
    
    import javax.mail.*;
    import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
    import java.util.Properties;
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    @Service
    public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService { 
    
        @Autowired
        private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    
        /** * 用来发送模版邮件 */
        @Autowired
        private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
    
        @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
        private String from;
    
        @Override
        public void send(String to, String subject, String text) { 
    
    // SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
    // message.setFrom(from);
    // message.setTo(to);
    // message.setSubject(subject);
    // message.setText(text);
    
            Context context = new Context();
            context.setVariable("project", "demo");
            context.setVariable("author", "yimcarson");
            context.setVariable("code", text);
            String emailContent = templateEngine.process("mail", context);
    
            MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
            MimeMessageHelper helper = null;
            try { 
                helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
                helper.setFrom(from);
                helper.setTo(to);
                helper.setSubject(subject);
                helper.setText(emailContent, true);
            } catch (MessagingException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            mailSender.send(message);
        }
    }

## templates模版 ##

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    	<head>
    	    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    	    <title>yimcarson</title>
    	    <style> body { text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } #main { text-align: center; position: absolute; } </style>
    	</head>
    	<body>
    		<div id="main">
    	    	<h3>Welcome <span th:text="${project}"></span> -By <span th:text=" ${author}"></span></h3>
    	    	Your Verification Code is
    	    	<h2><span th:text="${code}"></span></h2>
    		</div>
    	</body>
    </html>

## 测试 ##

import com.my.demo.Application;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
    import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest(classes = { Application.class})
    public class MailServiceTest { 
        @Autowired
        private MailService mailService;
    
        @Test
        public void testSend() { 
        	String to = "yimcarson@qq.com";
    		mailService.send(to, "模板邮件", UUID.randomUUID().toString().toUpperCase());
        }
    }

![接收到的模版邮件][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 结语 #

`163` `QQ`这两个邮箱比较常用，至于`Gmail`……，如果服务器是阿里云香港或者国外、亚马逊这些的话可以正常使用，否则……，`Couldn't connect to host, port: smtp.gmail.com, 465; timeout -1`

![Couldn't connect to host, port: smtp.gmail.com, 465; timeout -1][Couldn_t connect to host_ port_ smtp.gmail.com_ 465_ timeout -1]

[163_1]: /images/20220406/37883a20304e4e408d6ef385e52c33ce.png
[163_2]: /images/20220406/2b5663bd13b6406e95de90627fb4179e.png
[mail.163.com]: /images/20220406/afbb0eb040d644bd9a330128c762267a.png
[Link 1]: https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps
[Google]: /images/20220406/c4afa945282246268edead61ff341fbd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220406/feb3df30462845aea7d1fd9d248e4a10.png
[Couldn_t connect to host_ port_ smtp.gmail.com_ 465_ timeout -1]: /images/20220406/069bb1c290544c108b1516e6541b6d37.png