centos 安装mysql 两种方式：离线，在线

r囧r小猫 2022-04-04 05:01 265阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1, centos6 安装mysql 5.5
 *   *  A, 离线安装: rpm包
     *  B, 在线安装
     *  C, 离线安装: 二进制包
     *   *  下载依赖包
         *  mysql5.5/5.6
         *  mysql5.7/8.0
 *  2, mysql配置文件：my.cnf

*  注：　若使用rpm安装，在离线环境可能导致依赖问题，终极解决办法是二进制安装

# 1, centos6 安装mysql 5.5 #

## A, 离线安装: rpm包 ##

centos6 mysql5.5 离线包下载： [https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.5.html\#downloads][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql_5.5.html_downloads]  
【mysql5.5安装后默认没有密码， 比其他的版本方便】

国内镜像：  
[https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/][https_mirrors.huaweicloud.com_mysql_Downloads]  
[https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/][https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_mysql_downloads]  
[http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/][http_mirrors.ustc.edu.cn_mysql-ftp_Downloads]

#1, 删除已安装的mysql服务, 顺序安装新的rpm包
    rpm -qa |grep mysql |xargs -n 1 rpm -e --nodeps
    whereis mysql  |xargs -n 1 rm -rf
    whereis mysqld |xargs -n 1 rm -rf
    rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
     
    #2，安装mysql5.5
    mkdir ~/mysqls
    tar -xvf  ~/MySQL-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C ~/mysqls ; cd ~/mysqls
    rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  --nodeps --force
    rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  --nodeps --force
    rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  --nodeps --force
    rpm -ivh MySQL-embedded-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  --nodeps --force
    rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  --nodeps --force
    rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.62-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  --nodeps --force
    
    #启动mysql,设置root密码
    service mysql start
    mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

## B, 在线安装 ##

#1, 删除已安装的mysql服务, 顺序安装新的rpm包
    rpm -qa |grep mysql |xargs -n 1 rpm -e --nodeps
    whereis mysql  |xargs -n 1 rm -rf
    whereis mysqld |xargs -n 1 rm -rf
    rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
     
    yum -y install wget
    wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
    rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
    yum list |grep mysql 
    yum -y install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
     
    #2, 启动服务，修改root密码
    service mysqld start
    service mysqld status
    mysqladmin -u root password 123456

## C, 离线安装: 二进制包 ##

*  mysql二进制安装文档：[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html][https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_binary-installation.html]
 *  前言：　mysql yum、apt安装需要联网，而rpm、dpkg安装离线包容易导致依赖问题（因为操作系统版本不同，导致依赖的环境会有差别),所有使用二进制文件安装是比较理想的

### 下载依赖包 ###

yum -y install libaio  numactl #mysql8: numactl ncurses-compat-libs

### mysql5.5/5.6 ###

安装包下载 (搜索glibc2）：[https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.6][https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_mysql_downloads_MySQL-5.6]  
mysql5.5/6 二进制安装文档： [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/binary-installation.html][https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.6_en_binary-installation.html]

shell>
    	basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    	bindir=$basedir/bin
    	datadir=$basedir/data
    
    	groupadd mysql
    	useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
    	cd /usr/local
    	tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
    	ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
    
    #1,初始化mysql 
    	cd mysql
    	mkdir tmp
    	touch mysq56.err #指定日志文件
    	
    	# 查看变量 ./bin/mysqld --verbose --help |grep pid
    	# 创建配置文件
    	[root@lvs-c6 mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# grep -Ev '^$|^#' my.cnf
    		[mysql]
    		port=3356
    		socket=/tmp/mysql56.sock
    		[mysqld]
    		basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    		datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data
    		port=3356
    		log-error=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysq56.err
    		pid-file=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql56.pid
    		tmpdir=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/tmp
    		socket=/tmp/mysql56.sock
    		sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
    
    	 chown mysql. . -R
    	 scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=$basedir/my.cnf  
    
    #2,启动mysql
    	 $bindir/mysqld_safe  --defaults-file="$basedir/my.cnf"    &
    	 
    	 #测试连接
    	 #./bin/mysql --protocol=tcp -uroot -P3356 -p''
    	 #./bin/mysql --defaults-file=./my.cnf 
    
    	 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
    	+------+-----------+
    	| user | host      |
    	+------+-----------+
    	| root | 127.0.0.1 |
    	| root | ::1       |
    	|      | localhost |
    	| root | localhost |
    	|      | lvs-c6    |
    	| root | lvs-c6    |
    	+------+-----------+
    	6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    	mysql> update mysql.user set password=password('123@abc') where user='root';
    	Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    	Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0
    
    	mysql> flush privileges;
    	Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    
    #3,使用service管理服务
    	 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
    	 #cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql56
    
    shell> cat /etc/init.d/mysql56
    ...
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.6/mysql-5.6.50-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    bindir=$basedir/bin
    datadir=$basedir/data
    mysqld_pid_file_path=$basedir/mysql56.pid
    
    case "$mode" in
      'start')
        # Start daemon
    
        # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
        cd $basedir
    
        echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
        if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
        then
          # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
          # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
          #$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
          $bindir/mysqld_safe  --defaults-file="$basedir/my.cnf"   $other_args >/dev/null &
          wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
    	...

### mysql5.7/8.0 ###

mysql5.7 二进制安装文档：[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html][https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_binary-installation.html]  
mysql8.0 二进制安装文档：[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/binary-installation.html ][https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_8.0_en_binary-installation.html]

shell> 
     groupadd mysql
     useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
     cd /usr/local
     tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
     ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
    
     cd mysql
     # 查看变量 ./bin/mysqld --verbose --help |grep pid
     #创建配置文件
    	[mysql]
    	port=3357
    	socket=/tmp/mysql57.sock
    	[mysqld]
    	basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    	datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data
    	port=3357
    	log-error=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql57.err
    	pid-file=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql57.pid
    	tmpdir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/tmp
    	socket=/tmp/mysql57.sock
    	sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
    
    
     mkdir mysql-files
     chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
     chmod 750 mysql-files
     mkdir tmp
     touch mysq57.err #指定日志文件
     chown mysql. . -R
     
     
     #1, 初始化数据
     basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
     bindir=$basedir/bin
     datadir=$basedir/data
     bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql  --basedir=$basedir --datadir=$datadir
     bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql  --basedir=$basedir --datadir=$datadir
    
     #2, 启动mysql
     [root@lvs-c6 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# cat /tmp/mysqinit.txt
     	#mysql 5.5/6 
     	#update mysql.user set password=password('123@abc') where user='root';
     	#mysql 5.7
    	#update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123@abc') where user='root';
    	##mysql 5.5/5.6/5.7/8.0
    	alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123@abc_456';
    	flush privileges;
    
     [root@lvs-c6 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# bin/mysqld_safe \
       --user=mysql --basedir=$basedir  --datadir=$datadir \
       --pid-file=$basedir/mysql57.pid --log-error=$basedir/mysql57.err  \
       --init-file=/tmp/mysqinit.txt 
    
    
    shell> ./bin/mysql --protocol=tcp  -uroot -P3357 -p'123@abc_456'
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    
    #3,使用service管理服务
    cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
    shell> cat /etc/init.d/mysql57
    ...
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    bindir=$basedir/bin
    datadir=$basedir/data
    mysqld_pid_file_path=$basedir/mysql57.pid
    
    case "$mode" in
      'start')
        # Start daemon
    
        # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
        cd $basedir
    
        echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
        if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
        then
          # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
          # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
          #$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
          $bindir/mysqld_safe  --user=mysql --basedir=$basedir  --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$basedir/mysql57.pid --log-error=$basedir/mysql57.err $other_args >/dev/null &
       ...

# 2, mysql配置文件：my.cnf #

[client]
    default-character-set=utf8
    port=3357
    socket=/tmp/mysql57.sock
    
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    
    [mysqld]
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data
    bind-address = 0.0.0.0
    port=3357
    socket=/tmp/mysql57.sock
    #lower_case_table_names=1
    default-storage-engine = INNODB
    character-set-server = utf8
    collation-server = utf8_general_ci
    log-error=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql57.err
    log_timestamps = SYSTEM
    pid-file=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql57.pid
    tmpdir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/tmp
    sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
    
    
    skip_name_resolve = ON
    transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks;
    # to do so, uncomment this line:
    symbolic-links = 0
    
    key_buffer_size = 32M
    max_allowed_packet = 32M
    thread_stack = 256K
    thread_cache_size = 64
    query_cache_limit = 8M
    query_cache_size = 64M
    query_cache_type = 1
    
    max_connections = 550
    expire_logs_days = 10
    
    
    #log_bin should be on a disk with enough free space.
    #Replace '/var/lib/mysql/mysql_binary_log' with an appropriate path for your
    #system and chown the specified folder to the mysql user.
    log_bin=/usr/local/mysql5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data/mysql_binary_log
    #In later versions of MySQL, if you enable the binary log and do not set
    #a server_id, MySQL will not start. The server_id must be unique within
    #the replicating group.
    server_id=1
    binlog_format = mixed
    max_binlog_size = 100M
    read_buffer_size = 2M
    #默认256k
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
    #默认256k
    sort_buffer_size     = 8M
    #默认256k
    join_buffer_size     = 8M
    # InnoDB settings #### error: Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
    #每个表使用单独的表空间
    innodb_file_per_table           = 1
    #每次事务提交时，日志都会写入并刷新到磁盘
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2
    #较大的日志缓冲区使大型事务可以运行，而无需在事务提交之前将日志写入磁盘
    innodb_log_buffer_size          = 64M
    #用于InnoDB缓存表和索引数据，默认128MB
    innodb_buffer_pool_size         = 4G
    #并发达到限制后，会将其他线程放入等待队列；0表示线程数没有限制，所有线程都平等地争用调度
    innodb_thread_concurrency       = 8
    #数据和日志的写盘方式
    innodb_flush_method             = O_DIRECT
    #默认值为48MB，值越大，缓冲池中需要的检查点刷新活动越少，从而节省了磁盘I/O
    innodb_log_file_size            = 512M

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql_5.5.html_downloads]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.5.html#downloads
[https_mirrors.huaweicloud.com_mysql_Downloads]: https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/
[https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_mysql_downloads]: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/
[http_mirrors.ustc.edu.cn_mysql-ftp_Downloads]: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/
[https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.7_en_binary-installation.html]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html
[https_mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_mysql_downloads_MySQL-5.6]: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.6
[https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_5.6_en_binary-installation.html]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/binary-installation.html
[https_dev.mysql.com_doc_refman_8.0_en_binary-installation.html]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/binary-installation.html