初探Linux的准备工作

冷不防 2022-04-03 14:28 199阅读 0赞

### 1.语言调整 ###

依次点击：Application—>system-tools—>setting—>Regin&language

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### 2.虚拟机控制命令 ###

#### 常规操作 ####

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl start desktop		##开启
    ===============================================
    Starting desktop.

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl view desktop          ##显示

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl poweroff desktop      ##关闭
    ==================================================
    Powering off desktop..

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl reset desktop         ##重置
    ===============================================
    Are you sure you want to reset desktop? (y/n) y         ##按【Y】表示同意重置
    Powering off desktop.
    Resetting desktop.
    Creating virtual machine disk overlay for rh124-desktop-vda.qcow2
    Creating virtual machine disk overlay for rh124-desktop-vdb.qcow2

[kiosk@foundation0 ~]$ rht-vmctl start dsltpo          ##报错
    =============================================
    Error: unrecognized VMNAME specified, dsltpo.			 ##虚拟机正在运行

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl view server          ##虚拟机未运行，无法显示
    =============================================
    Error: unable to view server - not currently running.

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl stat server          ##参数错误
    ==============================================
    This utility manages the Red Hat Training supplied VMs on the local
    hypervisor.
    
    Usage: rht-vmctl [-q|--quiet] VMCMD VMNAME [DATETIME]
           rht-vmctl -h|--help
    
      where VMCMD is one of:
        view       - launches console viewer of VMNAME
        start      - obtain and start up VMNAME
        stop       - stop a running VMNAME
        poweroff   - if running, force stop VMNAME
        reset      - poweroff, return to saved or original state, start VMNAME
        save       - stop, save image, start VMNAME (to DATETIME)
        restore    - poweroff, restore to save (to DATETIME), start VMNAME
        listsaves  - list the saves of VMNAME
        status     - display libvirt status of VMNAME
        get        - if not here, obtain VMNAME from server
        remove     - remove VMNAME from system
        fullreset  - poweroff, reobtain from server, start VMNAME (bad save/image)

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmctl start dsappopo       ##虚拟机名称错误
    ================================================
    Error: unrecognized VMNAME specified, dsappopo.

[kiosk@foundation25 ~]$ rht-vmct1 start desktop        ##命令错误
    ===============================================
    bash: rht-vmct1: command not found...

--------------------

### 3.系统登陆 ###

#### 图形登陆模式 ####

![图形登陆界面(普通用户)][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

*普通用户*

username:mahao
    password:******

![超级用户登陆界面][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
*超级用户*

username：root
    password：******

*登陆方式*

not listed➡选择`root`➡键入密码：`******`

#### 文本界面登陆 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

CentOS Linux 7.0(Core)								#系统版本
    Kernel 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64	    #内核版本

![命令行登陆界面][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

localhost login: <----输入用户名称  
password： <----输入密码（输入密码时没有回显，为了安全）

#### 当图形界面出现问题 ####

1.  Ctrl+Alt+F2 进入到虚拟控制台（F2-F6）回到图形界面（F1/F7）
2.  输入init 3 \#关闭图形
3.  输入init 5 \#开启图形

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### 4.什么是shell ###

当前系统默认使用*shell*类型

bash	##GNU Bourne again Shell

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### 5.在Linux中如何运行命令 ###

**注意：**

1.  参数用来指定命令的某些功能，可以加也可以不加。
2.  命令和参数和目标之间要用空格分开。
3.  参数中"-“表示单词的缩写，”- -"表示单词的全拼。
4.  在执行，命令时通常遵循这些规则，特殊情况除外。
5.  命令必须在行指示符之后输入，没有行指示符的输入是无效的。

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### 6.命令行指示符中\[3\]字符的含义 ###

![命令行指示符][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNTcwMzY5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

[root@localhost Desktop]#
    =========================
     [1][2]   [3]     [4]  [5]

*[1]root：*
    	运行shell的用户是谁
    *[2]*
    分隔符号
    *[3]*
    主机短名称
    *[4]*
    所在当前主机的位置
    *[5] #*
    身份提示符号
    $表示普通用户
    #表示超级用户

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