Fedora Core 4安装图解

Dear 丶 2022-04-03 06:56 191阅读 0赞

Fedora Core 4 安装图解 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

1.linux 中的硬件设备号

在 linux 系统中，几乎所有的硬件设备文件都在 /dev 目录中。

<table style="border-right:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-bottom:medium none;border-collapse:collapse;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:1pt solid;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">设备</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:1pt solid;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">Linux</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">内的设备号</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">IDE</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">硬盘</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/hd[a~d]</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">SCSI</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">硬盘</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/sd[a~p]</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">U</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">盘</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/sd[a~p](</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">与</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">SCSI</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">硬盘一样</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">)</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">CDROM</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/cdrom</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">软驱</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/fd[0~1]</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">打印机</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/lp[0~2]</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">鼠标</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/mouse</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">磁带机</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div style="text-align:center;"> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/ht0(IDE)</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">或</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/dev/st0(SCSI)</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

2. 硬盘连接与硬盘号

3. 识别硬盘分区

一个硬盘最多可以有 4 个（主 \+ 扩展）分区，其中，扩展分区只能有一个。

P+P+P+P

P+P+P+E

因 1~4 号己被保留，所以第 1 个逻辑分区的代号由 5 号开始，以此顺序增加到磁盘号，若未划分 /dev/hda3,/dev/hda4 分区，则这两个代号是空的被保留下来的代号。

4. 主机硬盘的主要规划

<table style="border-right:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-bottom:medium none;border-collapse:collapse;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:1pt solid;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/boot</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:1pt solid;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">100MB</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div>
      &lt;?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /&gt; 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">2G</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">，根目录</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">SWAP</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">512MB,</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">一到两倍内存容量</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/USR</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">10G</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">，</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">linux</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">系统所在位置</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/VAR</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">5G</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">，默认服务器的登录文件</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">(</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">邮件与</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">WWW</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">默认路径</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/HOME</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">2G</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">，存放普通用户信息</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:1pt solid;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;">/BACKUP</span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="border-right:1pt solid;border-top:#ece9d8;border-left:#ece9d8;width:213.05pt;border-bottom:1pt solid;background-color:transparent;"> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:'宋体';">预留备份空间</span> 
     <span style="font-size:14pt;"></span> 
     <p></p> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5. 选择安装模式

图形界面（默认）

字符界面：在引导提示符上输入 linux text

<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />![200806301214793248728.jpg][]

F2 可以打开有选项的安装模式。

F5 可以进入修复模式。

选择安装方式：在引导提示符上输入 linux askmethod

![200806301214793215135.jpg][]

Linux noprobe: 取消硬件检查

Linux mediacheck: 检查安装光盘

Linux rescue: 进入修复模式

Linux dd: 加载第三方驱动安装

Linux askmethod: 从网络方式安装

Linux updates: 升级 linux

Memtest86: 检测内存

输入 linux 进入 linux 安装。

![200806301214793410852.jpg][]

选择安装语言，在文本方式下中文显示乱码，这里选择 English 。

![200806301214793444055.jpg][]

选择美式 US 键盘布局。

![200806301214793455508.jpg][]

选择定制安装系统类型

![200806301214793466461.jpg][]

选择 Disk Druid 对硬盘分区

![200806301214793478524.jpg][]

初始化硬盘

![200806301214793489617.jpg][]

硬盘分区界面

![200806301214793499617.jpg][]

新建分区

![200806301214793510586.jpg][]

硬盘分区结果

![200806301214793545633.jpg][]

选择 GRUB 引导程序

![200806301214793554539.jpg][]

留空跳过

![200806301214793567758.jpg][]

可以设置 GRUB 密码

![200806301214793596101.jpg][]

启动菜单

![200806301214793608226.jpg][]

GRUB 安装位置

若计算机己安装过 windows 、 linux 或第三方引导程序，则 GRUB 不能安装在 MBR 中，因为 MBR 中只能放一个引导程序。

![200806301214793621242.jpg][]

配置网卡

![200806301214793650929.jpg][]

配置网关及 DNS

![200806301214793688304.jpg][]

配置主机名

![200806301214793702397.jpg][]

配置防火墙，这里我们关闭防火墙。

![200806301214793726225.jpg][]

![200806301214793746413.jpg][]

![200806301214793754272.jpg][]

选择亚洲 / 上海时区

![200806301214793763381.jpg][]

设置 ROOT 密码

![200806301214793773788.jpg][]

选择安装软件包，这里我们去掉默认的软件包选项，只选择基本的开发环境 Development Tools ，这里包含了编译软件包、必需的编译工具及开发库。

![200806301214793786897.jpg][]

选择 OK 开始安装

![200806301214793804209.jpg][]

格式化分区

![200806301214793827772.jpg][]

解压缩光盘安装数据到硬盘

![200806301214793837975.jpg][]

安装数据包

![200806301214793846568.jpg][]

在安装的时候可以换一个终端查看系统的工作情况： Ctrl+Alt+F2, 返回可以按 Ctrl+Alt+F1 。

![200806301214793854990.jpg][]

查看 CPU 信息： P4 3.2G

![200806301214793865256.jpg][]

查看内存信息：

![200806301214793874349.jpg][]

查看磁盘空间：

![200806301214793890037.jpg][]

Ctrl+Alt+F3 ：查看系统当前的工作情况

![200806301214793897193.jpg][]

Ctrl+Alt+F4 ：

![200806301214793906240.jpg][]

Ctrl+Alt+F5 ：

![200806301214793915240.jpg][]

安装完成，重启系统。

![200806301214793923224.jpg][]

![200806301214793931974.jpg][]

系统登录：

![200806301214793940599.jpg][]

\[root@server ~\]\# 中 ~ 符号表示“用户的主文件夹”，它是一个“变量”， root 的主文件夹在 /root ，所以 ~ 就表示 /root ，在 linux 中，默认 root 的提示符为 \# ，一般用户的提示符为 $ 。注销 linux 命令为 exit 。

到这里 Linux Fedora Core 4 系统就安装好了。可以输入 shutdown –h now 关机。

![200806301214793947536.jpg][]

注：

在 X windows 下按下 \[Ctrl\]+\[Alt\]+\[Backspace\] 可以重启 X 。

切换 X windows 与命令行模式：

\[Ctrl\]+\[Alt\]+\[F1\]~\[F6\]: 命令行登录 tty1~tty6 终端。

\[Ctrl\]+\[Alt\]+\[F7\] ：返回图形界面

\[root@server ~\]\#startx  启动 X windows

在 /etc/inittab 修改运行等级为 5 是系统开机进入 X windows ，运行等级为 3 是系统开机进入文本。

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

下接:[Fedora Linux基本配置][Fedora Linux]

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[200806301214793947536.jpg]: /images/20220403/dbf96292c54b4c5a851cf75a4855ca29.png
[Fedora Linux]: http://redking.blog.51cto.com/27212/85699