SpringMVC 全注解开发详情

野性酷女 2022-04-01 14:49 266阅读 0赞

> **一、springMvc简介及其架构**
> 
> 1.  模型（Model）：负责封装应用的状态，并实现应用的功能。通常分为数据模型和业务逻辑模型，数据模型用来存放业务数据，比如订单信息、用户信息等；而业务逻辑模型包含应用的业务操作，比如订单的添加或者修改等。通常由java开发人员编写程序完成，代码量最多
> 2.  视图（View）：包括jsp，html等，视图通过控制器从模型获得要展示的数据，然后用自己的方式展现给用户，相当于人机交互
> 3.  控制器（Controller）：用来控制应用程序的流程和处理用户所发出的请求，当控制器接收到用户的请求后，会将用户的数据和模型的更新相映射，也就是调用模型来实现用户请求的功能；然后控制器会选择用于响应的视图，把模型更新后的数据展示给用户。![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM4MDY4ODEy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]
> 
> **二、RequestMapping（映射请求）**     
> 
>    1.标准URL映射
> 
>          @RequestMapping(value=”xxx”) ：它可以定义在方法上，也可以定义在类上，value可以写，也可以不写。如果              value不以“/”开头，springmvc会自动加上  
>           类上的 @RequestMapping可以不用写，此时映射就是方法上的映射  
> 
>    2.Ant风格的映射（通配符）
> 
>       ? ：通配一个字符  
>       \* ：通配0个或者多个字符  
>      \*\*：通配0个或者多个路径
> 
>    3、占位符的映射
> 
>        @RequestMapping(value=“/user/\{userId\}/\{name\} ")  
>        请求URL：http://localhost:8080/user/1001/zhangsan.do  
>        这种方式虽然和通配符“\*”类似，却比通配符更加强大，占位符除了可以起到通配的作用，最精要的地方是在于它还可以传递参数。  
>        比如：@PathVariable(“userId”) Long id, @PathVariable(“name”)String name获取对应的参数。  
>        注意：@PathVariable(“key”)中的key必须和对应的占位符中的参数名一致，而方法形参的参数名可任意取
> 
>        如果传递的参数类型和接受参数的形参类型不一致，则会自动转换，如果转换出错（例如：id传了abc字符串，方法形参使用Long来接受参数），则会报400错误（参数列表错误）。
> 
> **四、限定请求参数的映射**
> 
>     @RequestMapping(value=””,params=””)
> 
>      params=”userId”：请求参数中必须带有userId
> 
>      params=”!userId”：请求参数中不能包含userId
> 
>      params=”userId=1”：请求参数中userId必须为1
> 
>      params=”userId!=1”：请求参数中userId必须不为1，参数中可以不包含userId
> 
>      params=\{“userId”, ”name”\}：请求参数中必须有userId，name参数
> 
> **五、开发环境配置**
> 
> web.xml
> 
>     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>     <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
>              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
>              xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
>              version="3.1">
>         <servlet>
>             <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
>             <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
>             <init-param>
>                 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
>                 <param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
>             </init-param>
>             <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
>         </servlet>
>         <servlet-mapping>
>             <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
>             <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
>         </servlet-mapping>
>         <filter>
>             <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
>             <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
>             <init-param>
>                 <param-name>encoding</param-name>
>                 <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
>             </init-param>
>         </filter>
>         <filter-mapping>
>             <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
>             <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
>         </filter-mapping>
>     </web-app>
> 
> application.xml
> 
>     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
>     <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
>     	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
>     	   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>     	   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
>     	   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
>     	   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
>     	   xsi:schemaLocation="
>     			http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
>     			http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
>     			http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
>     			http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
>     			http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
>     			http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
>     	
>     	
>     	
>     	<context:component-scan base-package="com.shenzhenair.demo"/>
>     	
>     	<mvc:annotation-driven/>
>     	
>     	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
>     	
>     	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
>     		<property name="prefix"  value="/WEB-INF/"  ></property>
>     		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
>     	</bean >
>     	
>     	<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" >
>     		
>     		<property name="maxUploadSize" value="5243880" />
>     		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
>     	</bean>
>     
>     </beans>
> 
>  1.接收普通的请求参数
> 
> @RequestParam(value=””, required=true/false, defaultValue=””)  
>    value：参数名  
>     required：是否必须，默认为true，标示请求参数中必须包含该参数，如果不包含则抛出异常  
>     defaultValue：默认参数值，如果设置了该值，required=true将失效，自动为false，如果请求中不包含该参数则使用默认值。
> 
>     <fieldset >
>         <legend>用户信息</legend>
>         <form action="/hello/test08" >
>             姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br />
>             年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br />
>             婚否:<input type="checkbox" name="isMarry"/><br />
>             薪资:<input type="text" name="income" /><br />
>             爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="interests" value="bb" />basketball
>             <input type="checkbox" name="interests" value="fb" />football
>             <input type="checkbox" name="interests" value="vb" />vollyball<br />
>             <input type="submit" value="提交" />
>         </form>
>     </fieldset>
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController {   
>        @RequestMapping(value = "/test08")
>         @ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.OK) // 不用返回页面视图，只在后台进行处理
>         public void test08(@RequestParam(value = "name",required = true)String name,
>                              @RequestParam(value = "age",required = true)Integer age,
>                              @RequestParam(value = "isMarry",required = true)boolean isMarry,
>                              @RequestParam(value = "income",defaultValue = "0.00")double income,
>                              @RequestParam(value = "interests",defaultValue = "")String[] interests
>                              ) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
>             name = new String(name.getBytes("iso-8859-1"), "utf-8");
>             StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
>             sb.append("姓名=" + name).append(", 年龄=" + age).append(", 婚否=" + isMarry)
>                     .append(", 收入=" + income).append(", 爱好=【");
>             for (String interest : interests) {
>                 sb.append(interest + ",");
>             }
>             sb.deleteCharAt(sb.toString().length() - 1);
>             sb.append("】");
>             System.out.println(sb.toString());
>             //return "demo";
>         }
>     }
> 
> 2.接收请求路径中的占位符
> 
>     @PathVariable(value=”id”)获取占位符中的参数  
>       注意：(value=”id”)不能省
> 
>      访问路径：[http://localhost:8080/][http_localhost_8080]hello/zhangsan/111
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController {  
>         @RequestMapping(value="{name}/{id}")
>         public ModelAndView test02(@PathVariable("name") String username,@PathVariable("id") Long id){
>             ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
>             System.out.println(username + id);
>             mv.addObject("msg","Restfull风格name="+username+",id="+id);
>             mv.setViewName("/hello.jsp");
>             return mv;
>         }
>     }
> 
> 3.接收servlet的内置对象
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController { 
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test04")
>         public String test04(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session , Model model){
>            model.addAttribute("msg","SpringMVC的内置对象:request="+request.toString()+",  response="+response.toString()+",  session="+session.toString() +",  内置对象model");
>             System.out.println("================");
>             return "demo";
>         }
>     }
> 
> 4.获取cookie
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController {  
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test06")
>         public String test06(HttpServletRequest request, Model model){
>             Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
>             if(null != cookies && cookies.length >= 0){
>                 for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
>                     if(cookie.getName().equals("JSESSIONID")){
>                         model.addAttribute("msg","JSESSIONID="+cookie.getValue());
>                     }
>                 }
>             }
>             return "demo";
>         }
>         
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test07")
>         public String test06(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String CookieValue, Model model){
>             model.addAttribute("msg","JSESSIONID="+CookieValue);
>             return "demo";
>         }
>     }
> 
> 5.对象的绑定
> 
>     <fieldset >
>         <legend>用户信息</legend>
>         <form action="/hello/test09" >
>             姓名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br />
>             年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br />
>             婚否:<input type="checkbox" name="isMarry"/><br />
>             薪资:<input type="text" name="income" /><br />
>             爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="interests" value="bb" />basketball
>             <input type="checkbox" name="interests" value="fb" />football
>             <input type="checkbox" name="interests" value="vb" />vollyball<br />
>             <input type="submit" value="提交" />
>         </form>
>     </fieldset>
> 
>     @Data
>     public class User {
>         private  String name;
>         private  Integer age;
>         private  boolean isMarry;
>         private  double income;
>         private  String[] interests;
>     }
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController { 
>        @RequestMapping(value = "/test09")
>         @ResponseStatus(value = HttpStatus.OK) // 不用返回页面视图，只在后台进行处理
>         public void test09(User user) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
>             System.out.println(user);
>             //return "demo";
>         }
>     }
> 
> 6.集合的绑定
> 
>     如果方法需要接受的list集合，不能够直接在方法中形参中使用List<User>  
>     List的绑定，需要将List对象包装到一个类中才能绑定  
>     要求：表单中input标签的name的值和集合中元素的属性名一致。
> 
> 访问路径：[http://localhost:8080/][http_localhost_8080]hello/test10?users\[0\].name=zhangsan&users\[0\].id=1&users\[1\].name=lisi&users\[1\].id=2
> 
>     @Data
>     public class UserVO {
>         private List<User> users;
>         Private Map<String,Object> maps = new HashMap<>();
>     
>     }
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController { 
>        @RequestMapping(value = "/test10")
>         public String test10(UserVO users,Model model)  {
>             model.addAttribute("msg","users"+ users.getUsers().toString() );
>             return "demo";
>         }
>     }
> 
> ![20181231162114367.png][]
> 
> 7、JSON:需要用到jackson-annotations-2.5.0.jar jackson-core-2.5.0.jar jackson-databind-2.5.0.jar 三个包
> 
> 在实际开发过程中，json是最为常见的一种方式，所以springmvc提供了一种更为简便的方式传递数据。  
>        @ResponseBody    是把Controller方法返回值转化为JSON，称为序列化。当一个处理请求的方法标记为@ResponseBody时，表示该方法需要输出其他视图（json、xml），springmvc通过默认的json转化器转化输出  
>      @RequestBody    是把接收到的JSON数据转化为Pojo对象，称为反序列化
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController { 
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test11")
>         @ResponseBody
>         public List<User> test11()  {
>             List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
>             for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
>                 User user = new User();
>                 user.setAge(1);
>                 user.setIncome(2.9);
>                 user.setName("tom" + i);
>                 user.setMarry(true);
>                 user.setInterests(new String[]{"herry","hello"});
>                 users.add(user);
>             }
>             return users;
>         }
>     }
> 
> ![20181231142639542.png][]
> 
> \------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController {  
>       @RequestMapping(value = "/test12")
>         public String test12(@RequestBody User user ,Model model)  {
>             model.addAttribute("msg",user.toString());
>             return "demo";
>         }
>     }
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM4MDY4ODEy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]
> 
> 8.重定向和转发
> 
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/hello")
>     public class ParamController {  
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test14")
>         public String testForward(){
>             return "forward:/hello/test16?id=1&type=forward";
>         }
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test15")
>         public String testRedirect(){
>             return "redirect:test16?id=2&type=redirect";
>         }
>         @RequestMapping(value = "/test16")
>         public String testForword(Model model,@RequestParam("id")Long id,@RequestParam("type") String type){
>             model.addAttribute("msg","转发or重定向:"+type);
>             return "demo";
>         }
>     
>     }
> 
> 9.文件上传
> 
>     @RequestMapping(value = "/test13")
>         public String testUpload(@RequestParam("file")MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
>              if(file  != null){
>                  file.transferTo(new File("c:/"+file.getOriginalFilename()));
>              }
>             System.out.println(file.getContentType());
>             System.out.println(file.getOriginalFilename());
>             System.out.println(file.getSize());
>            // System.out.println(file.getInputStream());
>             InputStream is = null;
>             OutputStream os = null;
>     
>             try {
>                 is = file.getInputStream();
>                 os =  new FileOutputStream(new File("d:/"+file.getOriginalFilename()));
>                 IOUtils.copy(is,os);
>             } catch (IOException e){
>                 e.getStackTrace();
>             }finally {
>                 is.close();
>                 os.close();
>             }
>     
>             return "redirect:/hello.html";
>         }
>     /*
>     @Controller
>     @RequestMapping("/upload")
>     public class UploadController {
>     
>     	@RequestMapping("uploadPic")
>     	public void uploadPic(HttpServletRequest request,String fileName,PrintWriter out){
>     		//把Request强转成多部件请求对象
>     		MultipartHttpServletRequest mh = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
>     		//根据文件名称获取文件对象
>     		CommonsMultipartFile cm = (CommonsMultipartFile) mh.getFile(fileName);
>     		//获取文件上传流
>     		byte[] fbytes = cm.getBytes();
>     		
>     		//文件名称在服务器有可能重复？
>     		String newFileName="";
>     		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS");
>     		newFileName = sdf.format(new Date());
>     		
>     		Random r = new Random();
>     		
>     		for(int i =0 ;i<3;i++){
>     			newFileName=newFileName+r.nextInt(10);
>     		}
>     		
>     		//获取文件扩展名
>     		String originalFilename = cm.getOriginalFilename();
>     		String suffix = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));
>     		
>     		//创建jesy服务器，进行跨服务器上传
>     		Client client = Client.create();
>     		//把文件关联到远程服务器
>     		WebResource resource = client.resource(Commons.PIC_HOST+"/upload/"+newFileName+suffix);
>     		//上传
>     		resource.put(String.class, fbytes);
>     		
>     		
>     		//ajax回调函数需要会写写什么东西？
>     		//图片需要回显：需要图片完整路径
>     		//数据库保存图片的相对路径.
>     		String fullPath = Commons.PIC_HOST+"/upload/"+newFileName+suffix;
>     		
>     		String relativePath="/upload/"+newFileName+suffix;
>     		//{"":"","":""}
>     		String result="{\"fullPath\":\""+fullPath+"\",\"relativePath\":\""+relativePath+"\"}";
>     		
>     		out.print(result);
>     				
>     		
>     	}
>     	
>     }
>     */
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM4MDY4ODEy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

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[http_localhost_8080]: http://localhost:8080/
[20181231162114367.png]: /images/20220401/a6f831e0e6444d62abef0620ada8aa03.png
[20181231142639542.png]: /images/20220401/cbd09c430e144b059062244e6a6645da.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM4MDY4ODEy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220401/244a5302c508416aa490fe453c5c0601.png