python集成pyqt工具开发GUI窗体应用

忘是亡心i 2022-03-25 09:24 370阅读 0赞

###                       使用python搭建pyqt开发环境 ###

**一 .下载qt工具**

如果是mac系统的可以在我的百度云上下载

百度云链接:[https://pan.baidu.com/s/1SJut6j2h6AuKIwha-a6fNA][https_pan.baidu.com_s_1SJut6j2h6AuKIwha-a6fNA]  密码:ter

window或别的系统请自行官网下载

qt官网: [https://www.qt.io/download][https_www.qt.io_download]

下载完了,然后安装qt

使用pycharm创建一个空的项目

然后使用命令下载 pyqt5:

pip install pyqt5

安装完成,在idea的tools工具集成pyqt5,在settings中配置

选中PyQt5然后点击+符号

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

搜索pyqt5 然后点击下面的install按钮

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**二. 配置qt工具**

1. 配置qt工具，选中External Tools，然后点击图中的➕添加新工具

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

Name是工具的名称,自定义取

Program配置的qt工具安装后的Designer.app的绝对路径，window应该是Designer.exe

Program:   /Users/lijunming/Qt5.8.0/5.8/clang\_64/bin/Designer.app

Working diectory:  添加$ProjectFileDir$ 就行,点击ok就完成了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

2.配置把qt生成的.ui文件转换成 .py文件

Program： 填写 python执行文件的绝对路径,window的执行文件是python3.7.exe

Arguments添加python执行的命令

Arguments：   -m PyQt5.uic.pyuic $FileName$ -o $FileNameWithoutExtension$.py

Working directory添加 $FileDir$ 文件目录就行,然后点击OK保存

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

**三 使用qt工具创建窗体,然后使用上面新建的PyUic工具把ui文件转换成 .py文件**

![20190119224744983.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

然后  ctrl + s保存到刚刚创建的python应用下面

![20190119225506981.png][]

然后使用工具把ui文件转换成 .py文件

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

使用工具后,会在同级多一个window.py文件

![20190119225608315.png][]

在window.py文件的class上面 添加启动window 的方法

![20190119225824376.png][]

然后在类的下面添加方法调用

![2019011922594111.png][]

完整代码如下

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'window.ui'
    #
    # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3
    #
    # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
    
    from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
    import  sys     #导入系统模块
    def show_MainWindow():
        app=QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)    #实例化QApplication类,作为GUI主程序的入口类
        MainWindow=QtWidgets.QMainWindow()      #创建MainWindow
        ui=Ui_MainWindow()                      #实例化Ui类
        ui.setupUi(MainWindow)                  #设置窗体ui
        MainWindow.show()                       #显示窗体
        sys.exit(app.exec_())                   #当窗体创建完成,需要结束主循环过程
    
    class Ui_MainWindow(object):
        def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
            MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
            MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
            self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
            self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
            self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
            self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(630, 10, 113, 32))
            self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
            self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
            self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 210, 191, 41))
            self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
            MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
            self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
            self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 22))
            self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
            MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
            self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
            self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
            MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
    
            self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
            self.pushButton.clicked.connect(MainWindow.close)
            QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
    
        def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
            _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
            MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
            self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭"))
            self.textBrowser.setHtml(_translate("MainWindow", "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd\">\n"
    "<html><head><meta name=\"qrichtext\" content=\"1\" /><style type=\"text/css\">\n"
    "p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; }\n"
    "</style></head><body style=\" font-family:\'.SF NS Text\'; font-size:13pt; font-weight:400; font-style:normal;\">\n"
    "<p style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\">hello   pyqt5</p></body></html>"))
    
    #启动window
    if __name__=='__main__':
        show_MainWindow()

然后执行这个文件

python3 window.py

效果图如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

到此你已经学会了用python集成qt搭建窗体应用环境了

[https_pan.baidu.com_s_1SJut6j2h6AuKIwha-a6fNA]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1SJut6j2h6AuKIwha-a6fNA
[https_www.qt.io_download]: https://www.qt.io/download
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220325/08abe9753a754e4a8886acfefc737919.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220325/cb6511936f7942ab899ddd21ef8d6cad.png
[20190119224744983.png]: /images/20220325/7832d4960d9e47a9883d2fe4342abd5a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20220325/639d2a6d6ff347d89f66144b57631306.png
[20190119225506981.png]: /images/20220325/8fd8b2fc1de948f9a24849d66a60cdaa.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20220325/272d2a59fba942c597caf7f69712af73.png
[20190119225608315.png]: /images/20220325/e42711adc4be43739e87ff88d220ee2e.png
[20190119225824376.png]: /images/20220325/2c93eaef0aa9464c9435d5bacf027d94.png
[2019011922594111.png]: /images/20220325/51f401d7399148aba76528626c5728af.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L21pbmcxOTk1MTIyNA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: /images/20220325/ee53e74def074280a0bf7f3efc9cc5bc.png