大家都知道Python库很强大，却不知道还有强大工具包 poetry?

古城微笑少年丶 2022-03-18 19:20 348阅读 0赞

**前言**  
Python有很多很强大的库，因此而闻名天下，却不知道还有不少的工具包，今天为大家一款包管理和打包的工具poetry

在Python中，对于初学者来说，打包系统和依赖管理是非常复杂和难懂的。即使对于经验丰富的开发者，一个项目总是要同时创建多个文件： [setup.py][] ,requirements.txt,setup.cfg , [MANIFEST.in][] ，还有最新的 Pipfile。

基于此， poetry 将所有的配置都放置在一个 toml 文件中，这些配置包括：依赖管理、构建、打包、发布。

poetry 的灵感来自于其他语言的一些工具： composer(PHP) 和 cargo (Rust) 。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MzYzMDIy_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**配置**

poetry 的项目配置文件是 pyproject.toml ，一个简单的示例文件如下：

[tool.poetry]
    name = "poetry"
    version = "0.11.5"
    description = "Python dependency management and packaging made easy."
    authors = [
        "Sébastien Eustace <sebastien@eustace.io>"
    ]
    license = "MIT"
    
    readme = "README.md"
    
    homepage = "https://poetry.eustace.io/"
    repository = "https://github.com/sdispater/poet"
    documentation = "https://poetry.eustace.io/docs"
    
    keywords = ["packaging", "dependency", "poetry"]
    
    classifiers = [
        "Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools",
        "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules"
    ]
    
    # Requirements
    [tool.poetry.dependencies]
    python = "~2.7 || ^3.4"
    cleo = "^0.6.7"
    requests = "^2.18"
    cachy = "^0.2"
    requests-toolbelt = "^0.8.0"
    jsonschema = "^2.6"
    pyrsistent = "^0.14.2"
    pyparsing = "^2.2"
    cachecontrol = { version = "^0.12.4", extras = ["filecache"] }
    pkginfo = "^1.4"
    html5lib = "^1.0"
    shellingham = "^1.1"
    tomlkit = "^0.4.4"
    
    # The typing module is not in the stdlib in Python 2.7 and 3.4
    typing = { version = "^3.6", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }
    
    # Use pathlib2 for Python 2.7 and 3.4
    pathlib2 = { version = "^2.3", python = "~2.7 || ~3.4" }
    # Use virtualenv for Python 2.7 since venv does not exist
    virtualenv = { version = "^16.0", python = "~2.7" }
    
    [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
    pytest = "^3.4"
    pytest-cov = "^2.5"
    mkdocs = "^1.0"
    pymdown-extensions = "^4.9"
    pygments = "^2.2"
    pytest-mock = "^1.9"
    pygments-github-lexers = "^0.0.5"
    black = { version = "^18.3-alpha.0", python = "^3.6" }
    pre-commit = "^1.10"
    tox = "^3.0"
    
    
    [tool.poetry.scripts]
    poetry = "poetry.console:main"

命令  
poetry 提供了一系列覆盖整个开发流程的命令，这些命令使用简单：

poetry 命令

名称 功能

new 创建一个项目脚手架，包含基本结构、pyproject.toml 文件

init 基于已有的项目代码创建 pyproject.toml 文件，支持交互式填写

install 安装依赖库

update 更新依赖库

add 添加依赖库

remove 移除依赖库

show 查看具体依赖库信息，支持显示树形依赖链

build 构建 tar.gz 或 wheel 包

publish 发布到 PyPI

run 运行脚本和代码

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[setup.py]: http://setup.py
[MANIFEST.in]: http://MANIFEST.in
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