Kubernetes搭建 Helm 与 Swift 环境

小咪咪 2022-03-09 17:08 225阅读 0赞

![Image 1][]

helm

# 背景 #

[上一篇文章][Link 1]简单介绍了Kubernetes 单机版的开发测试环境`minikube`的搭建和环境配置,在很长的一段时间里面我也没有搭建了,今天突然下了一个最新版,发现启动启动不了,于是又乖乖`minikube` 退回到了`0.25.2`版本,由于最近都在使用`Helm`与`Swift`进行项目的部署发布,本文简单记录步骤.

# 概念 #

### Helm ###

[Helm][]是 k8s 集群部署和管理应用的一个包管理工具,使用`Chart`文件配置项目,隐藏了 k8s 本身的一些基本概念,具有版本回滚,方便升级的一些特性.  
`Helm`分为客户端和服务端,服务端`tiller`运行在 k8s 集群中,用户管理和部署,更新 k8s集群中的应用,客户端有 `Kubernetes-helm`的客户端(命令行)工具,用于和服务端`Tiller`进行连接和通讯.

### Swift ###

因为为了方便在代码中间调用`Helm`的一些接口不是特别方便,例如`tiller`都是走`grpc`协议等,所以社区的小伙伴们开发了这么一个代理([Swift][]),封装成为`restful` 的 http的接口形式,方便各种语言和`tiller`进行通信和操作.

# 搭建 #

> 本文 环境:  
> kubernetes 1.9.4  
> minikube 0.25.2  
> helm 2.12.1  
> swift 0.10.0  
> swift的版本需要和 helm 版本对应,参考[https://github.com/appscode/swift][https_github.com_appscode_swift]

## 启动 minikube 环境 ##

minikube start  --kubernetes-version v1.9.4  --extra-config=apiserver.Authorization.Mode=RBAC

*  必须开启 RBAC 的权限的模式,否则后续安装会有很多问题,比如默认的模式没有`cluster-admin`的集群权限,无法安装`swift`等.
 *  如果用 helm 安装 swift 遇到这样的问题,就是这个原因.

Error: release my-searchlight failed: clusterroles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "my-searchlight" is forbidden: attempt to grant extra privileges: [PolicyRule{APIGroups:["apiextensions.k8s.io"], Resources:["customresourcedefinitions"], Verbs:["*"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:["extensions"], Resources:["thirdpartyresources"], Verbs:["*"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:["monitoring.appscode.com"], Resources:["*"], Verbs:["*"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:["storage.k8s.io"], Resources:["*"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["secrets"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["secrets"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["componentstatuses"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["componentstatuses"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["persistentvolumes"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["persistentvolumes"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["persistentvolumeclaims"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["persistentvolumeclaims"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["pods"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["pods"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["pods"], Verbs:["patch"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["pods"], Verbs:["watch"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["nodes"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["nodes"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["nodes"], Verbs:["patch"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["nodes"], Verbs:["watch"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["namespaces"], Verbs:["get"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["namespaces"], Verbs:["list"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["namespaces"], Verbs:["patch"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["namespaces"], Verbs:["watch"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["pods/exec"], Verbs:["create"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["events"], Verbs:["create"]} PolicyRule{APIGroups:[""], Resources:["events"], Verbs:["list"]}] user=&{system:serviceaccount:kube-system:tilleruser a61ce1ed-0a6d-11e9-babc-0800274b952b [system:serviceaccounts system:serviceaccounts:kube-system system:authenticated] map[]} ownerrules=[] ruleResolutionErrors=[clusterroles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "cluster-admin" not found]

*  用 k8s 1.9.4的原因在于,1.10.0没有默认的`kube-dns`模块了,有些不方便,而 swift 和 tiller 通信依赖 dns.
 *  和上文一样配置一下代理,便于获取一些墙外的资源.

## Helm 客户端安装 ##

brew install kubernetes-helm
    helm version

### Kube-dns安装 ###

*  等待`kube-dns` 安装完成

kubectl get deployment -n kube-system --watch

*  创建 serviceaccount 账户

kubectl create serviceaccount kube-dns -n kube-system

*  为`kube-dns`的 deployment设置关联关系

kubectl patch deployment kube-dns -n kube-system -p '{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccountName":"kube-dns"}}}}'

*  等待 dns 相关 pods 启动完成

kubectl get pods -n kube-system --watch

![Image 1][]

dns

## 部署 Tiller ##

*  Tiller 作为 Helm 的服务端,版本和客户端保持一致.
 *  部署 Tiller 之前需要为 tiller 赋予 k8s 的操作权限,创建流程如下

$ kubectl create serviceaccount tiller --namespace kube-system
    $ kubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller --clusterrole cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller
    $ helm init --service-account tiller
    $ helm version --short
    Client: v2.12.1+g02a47c7
    Server: v2.12.1+g02a47c7

*  等待 tiller 部署完成
    
     
    
    ![Image 1][]
    
    tiller

# 部署 Swift #

*  先为 helm 添加个 appscode 的仓库

$ helm repo add appscode https://charts.appscode.com/stable/
    $ helm repo update
    $ helm repo list
    NAME        URL
    stable      https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com
    local       http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts
    appscode    https://charts.appscode.com/stable/

*  helm中搜索 swift

$ helm search swift
    NAME            CHART VERSION   APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
    appscode/swift  0.10.0          0.10.0      Swift by AppsCode - Ajax friendly Helm Tiller Proxy
    stable/swift    0.6.3           0.7.3       DEPRECATED swift by AppsCode - Ajax friendly Helm Tiller ...

*  安装 0.10.0

helm install appscode/swift --name my-swift

*  检查是否安装完成

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -l app=swift --watch

![Image 1][]

swift

# 测试 #

*  获取service 查看一下 ip 和端口

$ kubectl get svc swift-my-swift
    NAME             TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                          AGE
    swift-my-swift   NodePort   10.107.55.194   <none>        9855:31743/TCP,50055:32523/TCP,56790:30092/TCP   3h58m

*  `minikube ssh`后进入 minikube 访问,成功返回,说明已经 ok

$ curl  http://10.107.55.194:9855/tiller/v2/version/json
    {"Version":{"sem_ver":"v2.12.1","git_commit":"02a47c7249b1fc6d8fd3b94e6b4babf9d818144e","git_tree_state":"clean"}}

*  上面 service 中其实默认的 Type 应该是`Cluster IP`,为了宿主机能够访问,改成了`NodePort`,方法:

kubectl patch svc swift -n kube-system -p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort"}}'

*  宿主机试一下

$ minikube ip
    192.168.99.100

$ curl http://192.168.99.100:31743/tiller/v2/version/json
    {"Version":{"sem_ver":"v2.12.1","git_commit":"02a47c7249b1fc6d8fd3b94e6b4babf9d818144e","git_tree_state":"clean"}}%

*  dashborad查看
    
     
    
    ![Image 1][]
    
    dashboard

大功告成!

ps:刚开始启动minikube 只用了`minikube start`折腾了半天.....

> 如何测试`kube-dns`是否在工作,参考官方案例  
> [https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-debugging-resolution/][https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_administer-cluster_dns-debugging-resolution]

# 相关的错误 #

1.  无法解析内部 dns

I1228 09:25:08.241821       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, TRANSIENT_FAILURE
    I1228 09:25:08.243483       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, CONNECTING
    W1228 09:25:28.242336       1 clientconn.go:1158] grpc: addrConn.createTransport failed to connect to {tiller-deploy.kube-system.svc:44134 0  <nil>}. Err :connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial tcp: i/o timeout". Reconnecting...
    I1228 09:25:28.242368       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, TRANSIENT_FAILURE
    I1228 09:25:28.242629       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, CONNECTING
    W1228 09:25:53.349620       1 clientconn.go:1158] grpc: addrConn.createTransport failed to connect to {tiller-deploy.kube-system.svc:44134 0  <nil>}. Err :connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial tcp: i/o timeout". Reconnecting...
    I1228 09:25:53.349990       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, TRANSIENT_FAILURE
    I1228 09:25:53.350133       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, CONNECTING
    W1228 09:26:32.635786       1 clientconn.go:1158] grpc: addrConn.createTransport failed to connect to {tiller-deploy.kube-system.svc:44134 0  <nil>}. Err :connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial tcp: i/o timeout". Reconnecting...
    I1228 09:26:32.635949       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, TRANSIENT_FAILURE
    I1228 09:26:32.636553       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, CONNECTING
    W1228 09:27:12.647474       1 clientconn.go:1158] grpc: addrConn.createTransport failed to connect to {tiller-deploy.kube-system.svc:44134 0  <nil>}. Err :connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial tcp: lookup tiller-deploy.kube-system.svc on 10.96.0.10:53: read udp 172.17.0.4:58290->10.96.0.10:53: i/o timeout". Reconnecting...
    I1228 09:27:12.647527       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, TRANSIENT_FAILURE
    I1228 09:27:44.000042       1 pickfirst.go:71] pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0xc00043da40, CONNECTING
    W1228 09:28:08.235280       1 clientconn.go:830] Failed to dial tiller-deploy.kube-system.svc:44134: grpc: the connection is closing; please retry.

1.  发现 minikube 起来后,根本没有`kube-dns`和`kube-dashborad`,但是`minikube addons list`中这两个却是`enabled`的状态,参考解决方案[https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/2619][https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube_issues_2619]  
    原理就是手动装了`kube-dns`组件让其正常工作.

## 参考 ##

\[1\] [https://github.com/appscode/swift/blob/master/docs/setup/rbac.md][https_github.com_appscode_swift_blob_master_docs_setup_rbac.md]  
\[2\] [https://appscode.com/products/swift/0.10.0/guides/api/][https_appscode.com_products_swift_0.10.0_guides_api]

作者：candyleer  
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/8d40fd9422e2

[Image 1]: 
[Link 1]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/5f0101ac53ea
[Helm]: https://helm.sh/
[Swift]: https://appscode.com/products/swift/
[https_github.com_appscode_swift]: https://github.com/appscode/swift
[https_kubernetes.io_docs_tasks_administer-cluster_dns-debugging-resolution]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-debugging-resolution/
[https_github.com_kubernetes_minikube_issues_2619]: https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/issues/2619
[https_github.com_appscode_swift_blob_master_docs_setup_rbac.md]: https://github.com/appscode/swift/blob/master/docs/setup/rbac.md
[https_appscode.com_products_swift_0.10.0_guides_api]: https://appscode.com/products/swift/0.10.0/guides/api/