keepalived安装文档

Dear 丶 2022-03-08 12:24 274阅读 0赞

keepalived安装文档

1.   安装环境

su - root

yum -y install kernel-devel\*

yum -y install openssl-\*

yum -y install popt-devel

yum -y install lrzsz

yum -y install openssh-clients

yum -y install libnl libnl-devel popt

2.   安装keepalived

2.1.  安装keepalived

将keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz上传到服务器/usr/local/下。

cd /usr/local

tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.15

执行配置命令

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

3、编译

make

4、安装

make install

至此安装成功

5、拷贝执行文件

cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

6、将init.d文件拷贝到etc下,加入开机启动项

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived

7、将keepalived文件拷贝到etc下，加入网卡配置

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

8、创建keepalived文件夹

mkdir -p /etc/keepalived

9、将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

10、添加可执行权限

chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived

2.2.  加入开机启动：

chkconfig --add keepalived      \#添加时必须保证/etc/init.d/keepalived存在

chkconfig keepalived on

添加完可查询系统服务是否存在：chkconfig --list

2.3.  启动keepalived

启动：service keepalived start

停止：service keepalived stop

重启：service keepalived restart

3.   配置日志文件

1.将keepalived日志输出到local0：

vi /etc/sysconfig/keepalived

KEEPALIVED\_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"

2.在/etc/rsyslog.conf里添加:

vi /etc/rsyslog.conf

local0.\*  /var/log/keepalived.log

3.重新启动keepalived和rsyslog服务：

service rsyslog restart

service keepalived restart

4.   打开防火墙的通讯地址

iptables -A INPUT -d 224.0.0.18 -j ACCEPT

/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

keepalived配置详解

LAN客户端判定哪个路由器应该为其到达目标主机的下一跳网关的方式有动态及静态决策两种方式，其中，觉的动态路由发现方式有如下几种：

1、Proxy ARP —— 客户端使用ARP协议获取其想要到达的目标，而后，由某路由以其MAC地址响应此ARP请求；

2、Routing Protocol —— 客户端监听动态路由更新(如通过RIP或OSPF协议)并以之重建自己的路由表；

3、ICMP IRDP (Router Discovery Protocol) 客户端 —— 客户端主机运行一个ICMP路由发现客户端程序；

动态路由发现协议的不足之处在于它会导致在客户端引起一定的配置和处理方面的开销，并且，如果路由器故障，切换至其它路由器的过程会比较慢。解决此类问题的一个方案是为客户端静态配置默认路由设备，这大大简化了客户端的处理过程，但也会带来单点故障类的问题。默认网关故障时，LAN客户端仅能实现本地通信。

VRRP可以通过在一组路由器(一个VRRP组)之间共享一个虚拟IP(VIP)解决静态配置的问题，此时仅需要客户端以VIP作为其默认网关即可。

图1显示了一个基本的VLAN拓扑，其中，Router A、B、C共同组成一个VRRP组，其VIP为10.0.0.1，配置在路由器A的物理接口上，因此A为master路由器，B和C为backup路由器。VRRP组中，master(路由器A)负责负责转发发往VIP地址的报文，客户端1、2、3都以此VIP作为其默认网关。一旦master故障，backup路由器B和C中具有最高优先级的路由器将成为master并接管VIP地址，而当原来的master路由器A重新上线时，其将重新成为master路由器。

VRRP是一个“选举”协议，它能够动态地将一个虚拟路由器的责任指定至同一个VRRP组中的其它路由器上，从而消除了静态路由配置的单点故障。

VRRP术语：

VRRP虚拟路由(VRRP router)：

VRRP的优势：

冗余：可以使用多个路由器设备作为LAN客户端的默认网关，大大降低了默认网关成为单点故障的可能性；

负载共享：允许来自LAN客户端的流量由多个路由器设备所共享；

多VRRP组：在一个路由器物理接口上可配置多达255个VRRP组；

多IP地址：基于接口别名在同一个物理接口上配置多个IP地址，从而支持在同一个物理接口上接入多个子网；

抢占：在master故障时允许优先级更高的backup成为master；

通告协议：使用IANA所指定的组播地址224.0.0.18进行VRRP通告；

VRRP追踪：基于接口状态来改变其VRRP优先级来确定最佳的VRRP路由器成为master；

配置keepalived为实现haproxy高可用的配置文件示例：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global\_defs \{

notification\_email \{

linuxedu@foxmail.com

mageedu@126.com

notification\_email\_from kanotify@magedu.com

smtp\_connect\_timeout 3

smtp\_server 127.0.0.1

router\_id LVS\_DEVEL

vrrp\_script chk\_haproxy \{

script "killall -0 haproxy"

interval 1

weight 2

vrrp\_script chk\_mantaince\_down \{

script "\[\[ -f /etc/keepalived/down \]\] && exit 1 || exit 0"

interval 1

weight 2

vrrp\_instance VI\_1 \{

interface eth0

state MASTER \# BACKUP for slave routers

priority 101 \# 100 for BACKUP

virtual\_router\_id 51

garp\_master\_delay 1

authentication \{

auth\_type PASS

auth\_pass password

track\_interface \{

eth0

virtual\_ipaddress \{

172.16.100.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0

track\_script \{

chk\_haproxy

chk\_mantaince\_down

notify\_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"

notify\_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"

notify\_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"

注意：

1、上面的state为当前节点的起始状态，通常在master/slave的双节点模型中，其一个默认为MASTER，而别一个默认为BACKUP。

2、priority为当关节点在当前虚拟路由器中的优先级，master的优先级应该大于slave的；

下面是一个notify.sh脚本的简单示例：

\#!/bin/bash

\# Author: MageEdu <linuxedu@foxmail.com>

\# description: An example of notify script

vip=172.16.100.1

contact='root@localhost'

Notify() \{

mailsubject="\`hostname\` to be $1: $vip floating"

mailbody="\`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'\`: vrrp transition, \`hostname\` changed to be $1"

echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact

case "$1" in

master)

notify master

/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy start

exit 0

;;

backup)

notify backup

/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy restart

exit 0

;;

fault)

notify fault

exit 0

;;

\*)

echo 'Usage: \`basename $0\` \{master|backup|fault\}'

exit 1

;;

esac

配置keepalived为实现haproxy高可用的双主模型配置文件示例：

说明：其基本实现思想为创建两个虚拟路由器，并以两个节点互为主从。

! Configuration File for keepalived

global\_defs \{

notification\_email \{

linuxedu@foxmail.com

mageedu@126.com

notification\_email\_from kanotify@magedu.com

smtp\_connect\_timeout 3

smtp\_server 127.0.0.1

router\_id LVS\_DEVEL

vrrp\_script chk\_haproxy \{

script "killall -0 haproxy"

interval 1

weight 2

vrrp\_script chk\_mantaince\_down \{

script "\[\[ -f /etc/keepalived/down \]\] && exit 1 || exit 0"

interval 1

weight 2

vrrp\_instance VI\_1 \{

interface eth0

state MASTER \# BACKUP for slave routers

priority 101 \# 100 for BACKUP

virtual\_router\_id 51

garp\_master\_delay 1

authentication \{

auth\_type PASS

auth\_pass password

track\_interface \{

eth0

virtual\_ipaddress \{

172.16.100.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0

track\_script \{

chk\_haproxy

chk\_mantaince\_down

notify\_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"

notify\_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"

notify\_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"

vrrp\_instance VI\_2 \{

interface eth0

state BACKUP \# BACKUP for slave routers

priority 100 \# 100 for BACKUP

virtual\_router\_id 52

garp\_master\_delay 1

authentication \{

auth\_type PASS

auth\_pass password

track\_interface \{

eth0

virtual\_ipaddress \{

172.16.100.2/16 dev eth0 label eth0:1

track\_script \{

chk\_haproxy

chk\_mantaince\_down

说明：

1、对于VI\_1和VI\_2来说，两个节点要互为主从关系；

LVS + keepalived的实现：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global\_defs \{

notification\_email \{

linuxedu@foxmail.com

mageedu@126.com

notification\_email\_from kanotify@magedu.com

smtp\_connect\_timeout 3

smtp\_server 127.0.0.1

router\_id LVS\_DEVEL

vrrp\_script chk\_schedown \{

script "\[\[ -f /etc/keepalived/down \]\] && exit 1 || exit 0"

interval 2

weight -2

vrrp\_instance VI\_1 \{

interface eth0

state MASTER

priority 101

virtual\_router\_id 51

garp\_master\_delay 1

authentication \{

auth\_type PASS

auth\_pass password

track\_interface \{

eth0

virtual\_ipaddress \{

172.16.100.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0

track\_script \{

chk\_schedown

virtual\_server 172.16.100.1 80 \{

delay\_loop 6

lb\_algo rr

lb\_kind DR

persistence\_timeout 50

protocol TCP

\# sorry\_server 192.168.200.200 1358

real\_server 172.16.100.11 80 \{

weight 1

HTTP\_GET \{

url \{

path /

status\_code 200

connect\_timeout 3

nb\_get\_retry 3

delay\_before\_retry 3

real\_server 172.16.100.12 80 \{

weight 1

HTTP\_GET \{

url \{

path /

status\_code 200

connect\_timeout 3

nb\_get\_retry 3

delay\_before\_retry 3

如果要使用TCP\_CHECK检测各realserver的健康状态，那么，上面关于realserver部分的定义也可以替换为如下内容：

virtual\_server 172.16.100.1 80 \{

delay\_loop 6

lb\_algo rr

lb\_kind DR

persistence\_timeout 300

protocol TCP

sorry\_server 127.0.0.1 80

real\_server 172.16.100.11 80 \{

weight 1

TCP\_CHECK \{

tcp\_port 80

connect\_timeout 3

real\_server 172.16.100.12 80 \{

weight 1

TCP\_CHECK \{

connect\_port 80

connect\_timeout 3

说明：其中的sorry\_server是用于定义所有realserver均出现故障时所用的服务器。

keepalived通知脚本进阶示例：

下面的脚本可以接受选项，其中：

\-s, --service SERVICE,...：指定服务脚本名称，当状态切换时可自动启动、重启或关闭此服务；

\-a, --address VIP: 指定相关虚拟路由器的VIP地址；

\-m, --mode \{mm|mb\}：指定虚拟路由的模型，mm表示主主，mb表示主备；它们表示相对于同一种服务而方，其VIP的工作类型；

\-n, --notify \{master|backup|fault\}：指定通知的类型，即vrrp角色切换的目标角色；

\-h, --help：获取脚本的使用帮助；

\#!/bin/bash

\# Author: MageEdu <linuxedu@foxmail.com>

\# description: An example of notify script

\# Usage: notify.sh -m|--mode \{mm|mb\} -s|--service SERVICE1,... -a|--address VIP -n|--notify \{master|backup|falut\} -h|--help

\#contact='linuxedu@foxmail.com'

helpflag=0

serviceflag=0

modeflag=0

addressflag=0

notifyflag=0

contact='root@localhost'

Usage() \{

echo "Usage: notify.sh \[-m|--mode \{mm|mb\}\] \[-s|--service SERVICE1,...\] <-a|--address VIP> <-n|--notify \{master|backup|falut\}>"

echo "Usage: notify.sh -h|--help"

ParseOptions() \{

local I=1;

if \[ $\# -gt 0 \]; then

while \[ $I -le $\# \]; do

case $1 in

\-s|--service)

\[ $\# -lt 2 \] && return 3

serviceflag=1

services=(\`echo $2|awk -F"," '\{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) print $i\}'\`)

shift 2 ;;

\-h|--help)

helpflag=1

return 0

shift

;;

\-a|--address)

\[ $\# -lt 2 \] && return 3

addressflag=1

vip=$2

shift 2

;;

\-m|--mode)

\[ $\# -lt 2 \] && return 3

mode=$2

shift 2

;;

\-n|--notify)

\[ $\# -lt 2 \] && return 3

notifyflag=1

notify=$2

shift 2

;;

\*)

echo "Wrong options..."

Usage

return 7

;;

esac

done

return 0

\#workspace=$(dirname $0)

RestartService() \{

if \[ $\{\#@\} -gt 0 \]; then

for I in $@; do

if \[ -x /etc/rc.d/init.d/$I \]; then

/etc/rc.d/init.d/$I restart

else

echo "$I is not a valid service..."

done

StopService() \{

if \[ $\{\#@\} -gt 0 \]; then

for I in $@; do

if \[ -x /etc/rc.d/init.d/$I \]; then

/etc/rc.d/init.d/$I stop

else

echo "$I is not a valid service..."

done

Notify() \{

mailsubject="\`hostname\` to be $1: $vip floating"

mailbody="\`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'\`, vrrp transition, \`hostname\` changed to be $1."

echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact

\# Main Function

ParseOptions $@

\[ $? -ne 0 \] && Usage && exit 5

\[ $helpflag -eq 1 \] && Usage && exit 0

if \[ $addressflag -ne 1 -o $notifyflag -ne 1 \]; then

Usage

exit 2

mode=$\{mode:-mb\}

case $notify in

'master')

if \[ $serviceflag -eq 1 \]; then

RestartService $\{services\[\*\]\}

Notify master

;;

'backup')

if \[ $serviceflag -eq 1 \]; then

if \[ "$mode" == 'mb' \]; then

StopService $\{services\[\*\]\}

else

RestartService $\{services\[\*\]\}

Notify backup

;;

'fault')

Notify fault

;;

\*)

Usage

exit 4

;;

esac

在keepalived.conf配置文件中，其调用方法如下所示：

notify\_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n master -a 172.16.100.1"

notify\_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n backup -a 172.16.100.1"

notify\_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh -n fault -a 172.16.100.1"

keepalived安装文档

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