权限管理框架-spring-Sercurity概念及快速入门步骤代码详解

野性酷女 2022-03-06 12:48 231阅读 0赞

**SpringSecurity概念**

1.  SpringSecurity是一个安全管理框架，提供了认证与授权这些基本操作
2.  认证： 用户访问系统，系统校验用户身份是否合法的过程就是认证。常见的认证： 登陆认证。
3.  授权：用户认证后，访问系统资源，校验用户是否有权限访问系统资源的过程就是授权访问校验，简称为授权。权限校验过程：1.获取用户的权限； 2. 知道访问资源需要的权限；3.拿着访问资源需要的权限去用户权限列表查找，找到则授权访问。否则拒绝访问。

**注意**

认证与授权，不是属于springsecurity所特有的概念，这些是通用的概念。

常见的权限管理框架：

1.  springsecurity
2.  apache shiro
3.  自己写代码封装认证授权操作。

### .SpringSecurity(二)快速入门 ###

**使用步骤：**

1.  创建web项目
2.  添加依赖
3.  配置web.xml
4.  spring-security.xml 配置
5.  页面准备

**实现**

1.  创建web项目
2.  添加依赖
    
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        
        <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
          <groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>  
          <artifactId>spring_security_demo</artifactId>  
          <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          <packaging>war</packaging>
          <properties>
            <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
            <spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version>
          </properties>
          <dependencies>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
              <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
              <version>3.1.0</version>
              <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
        
        </project>
3.  配置web.xml
    
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
        
           <context-param>
              <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
              <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml</param-value>
           </context-param>
           <listener>
              <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
           </listener>
        
           
           
           <filter>
              <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
              <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
           </filter>
           <filter-mapping>
              <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
              <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
           </filter-mapping>
        </web-app>
4.  spring-security.xml 配置
    
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
        
            
            <security:http pattern="/login.html" security="none"/>
            <security:http pattern="/failer.html" security="none"/>
            <security:http pattern="/favicon.ico" security="none"/>
        
            
            <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false">
                
                <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_PRIMARY"/>
        
                
                <security:form-login login-page="/login.html" login-processing-url="/login" username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password" default-target-url="/success.html" authentication-failure-url="/failer.html" />
        
                
                <security:logout logout-url="/logout" logout-success-url="/login.html" invalidate-session="true" />
        
                
                <security:csrf disabled="true"/>
        
            </security:http>
        
            
            <security:authentication-manager>
                <security:authentication-provider>
                    <security:user-service>
                        <security:user name="zhangsan" password="{noop}666" authorities="ROLE_PRIMARY"/>
                    </security:user-service>
                </security:authentication-provider>
            </security:authentication-manager>
        </beans>
5.  页面准备
    
    页面如下
    
        index.html
        <body>
            index...
        </body>
        
        login.html
        <body>
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            用户<input type="text" name="username"><br>
            密码<input type="password" name="password"><br>
            <input type="submit" value="登陆"><br>
        </form>
        </body>
        
        success.html
        <body>
        success...   <a href="/logout">退出</a>
        </body>
        
        failer.html
        <body>
        登录失败！
        </body>