skyWalking分布式调用链跟踪平台

忘是亡心i 2022-03-02 14:44 348阅读 0赞

随着微服务架构的流行，一些微服务架构下的问题也会越来越突出，比如一个请求会涉及多个服务，而服务本身可能也会依赖其他服务，整个请求路径就构成了一个网状的调用链，而在整个调用链中一旦某个节点发生异常，整个调用链的稳定性就会受到影响，所以会深深的感受到 “银弹” 这个词是不存在的，每种架构都有其优缺点 。

##### skywalking 简介（链路跟踪与分析） #####

随着业务越来越复杂，企业应用也进入了分布式服务化的阶段，随着模块的不断增多，一次请求可能会涉及到十几个甚至几十个服务的协同处理，那么如何准确快速的定位到线上故障和性能瓶颈，便成为我们不得不面对的棘手问题，传统的日志监控等方式无法很好达到跟踪调用，排查问题等需求。在谷歌论文《 Dapper，大规模分布式系统的跟踪系统》的指导下，许多优秀的APM应运而生。  
分布式追踪系统发展很快，种类繁多，给我们带来很大的方便。但在数据采集过程中，有时需要侵入用户代码，并且不同系统的 API 并不兼容，这就导致了如果您希望切换追踪系统，往往会带来较大改动。OpenTracing为了解决不同的分布式追踪系统 API 不兼容的问题，诞生了 OpenTracing 规范。OpenTracing 是一个轻量级的标准化层，它位于应用程序/类库和追踪或日志分析程序之间。详细介绍见

##### opentracing文档中文版。 #####

Skywalking是一款APM（应用程序性能监视器），尤其适用于微服务，Cloud Native和基于容器的架构系统。也称为分布式跟踪系统。它提供了一种自动检测应用程序的方法：无需更改目标应用程序的任何源代码; 以及具有高效流媒体模块的收集器。  
针对分布式系统的APM（应用性能监控）系统，特别针对微服务、cloud native和容器化(Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos)架构， 其核心是个分布式追踪系统。  
该项目由国人吴晟基于OpenTracking实现的开源项目skywalking（码云、github）  
2017年12月8日，Apache软件基金会孵化器项目管理委员会 ASF IPMC宣布“SkyWalking全票通过，进入Apache孵化器”

##### skywalking 特点 #####

性能好,针对单实例5000tps的应用，在全量采集的情况下，只增加 10% 的CPU开销。详细评测见《skywalking agent performance test》。  
支持多语言探针  
支持自动及手动探针;自动探针：Java支持的中间件、框架与类库列表; 手动探针：OpenTrackingApi、@Trace注解、trackId集成到日志中。  
采用探针技术，在使用过程中，完全是0代码，无侵入，分布式自动采集与监控系统运行；

一、环境概览

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>软件</th> 
   <th>版本</th> 
   <th>机器数量</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>系统</td> 
   <td>centos7.4</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jdk</td> 
   <td>1.8</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>elasticsearch</td> 
   <td>6.5.2</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>skywalking-UI</td> 
   <td>6.0</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>skywalking-collector</td> 
   <td>6.0</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

二、下载软件  
apache-skywalking：  
项目git地址：[https://github.com/OpenSkywalking/skywalking-netcore][https_github.com_OpenSkywalking_skywalking-netcore]  
项目包下载地址：[http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/incubator/skywalking/6.0.0-GA/apache-skywalking-apm-incubating-6.0.0-GA.tar.gz][http_www.apache.org_dyn_closer.cgi_incubator_skywalking_6.0.0-GA_apache-skywalking-apm-incubating-6.0.0-GA.tar.gz]  
此包中包括了agent包,如下

$ ls -al apache-skywalking-apm-incubating/agent
    drwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1002      271 Mar 20 17:22 activations
    drwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1002       26 Mar 20 17:22 config
    drwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1002        6 Jan 21 12:01 logs
    drwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1002      139 Mar 20 17:22 optional-plugins
    drwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1002     4096 Mar 20 17:22 plugins
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1002 17805401 Jan 21 12:01 skywalking-agent.jar

三、安装部署  
1、安装elasticsearch6.5.2集群 详见[elsticsearch6.5.2集群安装+head插件][elsticsearch6.5.2_head]  
2、安装apache-skywalking(配置 collector) 3台都一样的配置

$ wget http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/incubator/skywalking/6.0.0- GA/apache-skywalking-apm-incubating-6.0.0-GA.tar.gz -O /usr/local/src
    $ tar xf /usr/local/src/apache-skywalking-apm-incubating-6.0.0-GA.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    $ cd /usr/local/apache-skywalking-apm-incubating/config
    $ cat  config/application.yml
    # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
    # distributed with this work for additional information
    # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
    # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    # limitations under the License.
    
    cluster:
      #standalone:
      # Please check your ZooKeeper is 3.5+, However, it is also compatible with ZooKeeper 3.4.x. Replace the ZooKeeper 3.5+
      # library the oap-libs folder with your ZooKeeper 3.4.x library.
      zookeeper:
        nameSpace: ${ SW_NAMESPACE:"skywalking"}
    # hostPort: ${SW_CLUSTER_ZK_HOST_PORT:172.16.163.60:2181,172.16.163.61:2181,172.16.163.62:2181}
        hostPort: ${SW_CLUSTER_ZK_HOST_PORT:10.100.11.37:2181}
    # #Retry Policy
        baseSleepTimeMs: ${SW_CLUSTER_ZK_SLEEP_TIME:1000} # initial amount of time to wait between retries
        maxRetries: ${SW_CLUSTER_ZK_MAX_RETRIES:3} # max number of times to retry
    # kubernetes:
    # watchTimeoutSeconds: ${SW_CLUSTER_K8S_WATCH_TIMEOUT:60}
    # namespace: ${SW_CLUSTER_K8S_NAMESPACE:default}
    # labelSelector: ${SW_CLUSTER_K8S_LABEL:app=collector,release=skywalking}
    # uidEnvName: ${SW_CLUSTER_K8S_UID:SKYWALKING_COLLECTOR_UID}
    # consul:
    # serviceName: ${SW_SERVICE_NAME:"SkyWalking_OAP_Cluster"}
    # Consul cluster nodes, example: 10.0.0.1:8500,10.0.0.2:8500,10.0.0.3:8500
    # hostPort: ${SW_CLUSTER_CONSUL_HOST_PORT:localhost:8500}
    core:
      default:
        restHost: ${SW_CORE_REST_HOST:0.0.0.0}
        restPort: ${SW_CORE_REST_PORT:12800}
        restContextPath: ${SW_CORE_REST_CONTEXT_PATH:/}
        gRPCHost: ${SW_CORE_GRPC_HOST:0.0.0.0}
        gRPCPort: ${SW_CORE_GRPC_PORT:11800}
        downsampling:
        - Hour
        - Day
        - Month
        # Set a timeout on metric data. After the timeout has expired, the metric data will automatically be deleted.
        recordDataTTL: ${SW_CORE_RECORD_DATA_TTL:90} # Unit is minute
        minuteMetricsDataTTL: ${SW_CORE_MINUTE_METRIC_DATA_TTL:90} # Unit is minute
        hourMetricsDataTTL: ${SW_CORE_HOUR_METRIC_DATA_TTL:36} # Unit is hour
        dayMetricsDataTTL: ${SW_CORE_DAY_METRIC_DATA_TTL:45} # Unit is day
        monthMetricsDataTTL: ${SW_CORE_MONTH_METRIC_DATA_TTL:18} # Unit is month
    storage:
      #h2:
        #driver: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_DRIVER:org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource}
        #url: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_URL:jdbc:h2:mem:skywalking-oap-db}
        #user: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_USER:sa}
      elasticsearch:
        nameSpace: ${ SW_NAMESPACE:"skywalking"}
        clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:10.100.xx.xx:9200,10.100.xx.xx:9200,10.100.xx.xx:9200}
        indexShardsNumber: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_INDEX_SHARDS_NUMBER:2}
        indexReplicasNumber: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_INDEX_REPLICAS_NUMBER:0}
        # Batch process setting, refer to https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/5.5/java-docs-bulk-processor.html
        bulkActions: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_BULK_ACTIONS:2000} # Execute the bulk every 2000 requests
        bulkSize: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_BULK_SIZE:20} # flush the bulk every 20mb
        flushInterval: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_FLUSH_INTERVAL:10} # flush the bulk every 10 seconds whatever the number of requests
        concurrentRequests: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS:2} # the number of concurrent requests
    # mysql:
    receiver-register:
      default:
    receiver-trace:
      default:
        bufferPath: ${SW_RECEIVER_BUFFER_PATH:../trace-buffer/}  # Path to trace buffer files, suggest to use absolute path
        bufferOffsetMaxFileSize: ${SW_RECEIVER_BUFFER_OFFSET_MAX_FILE_SIZE:100} # Unit is MB
        bufferDataMaxFileSize: ${SW_RECEIVER_BUFFER_DATA_MAX_FILE_SIZE:500} # Unit is MB
        bufferFileCleanWhenRestart: ${SW_RECEIVER_BUFFER_FILE_CLEAN_WHEN_RESTART:false}
        sampleRate: ${SW_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE:10000} # The sample rate precision is 1/10000. 10000 means 100% sample in default.
    receiver-jvm:
      default:
    #service-mesh:
    # default:
    # bufferPath: ${SW_SERVICE_MESH_BUFFER_PATH:../mesh-buffer/} # Path to trace buffer files, suggest to use absolute path
    # bufferOffsetMaxFileSize: ${SW_SERVICE_MESH_OFFSET_MAX_FILE_SIZE:100} # Unit is MB
    # bufferDataMaxFileSize: ${SW_SERVICE_MESH_BUFFER_DATA_MAX_FILE_SIZE:500} # Unit is MB
    # bufferFileCleanWhenRestart: ${SW_SERVICE_MESH_BUFFER_FILE_CLEAN_WHEN_RESTART:false}
    #istio-telemetry:
    # default:
    #receiver_zipkin:
    # default:
    # host: ${SW_RECEIVER_ZIPKIN_HOST:0.0.0.0}
    # port: ${SW_RECEIVER_ZIPKIN_PORT:9411}
    # contextPath: ${SW_RECEIVER_ZIPKIN_CONTEXT_PATH:/}
    query:
      graphql:
        path: ${SW_QUERY_GRAPHQL_PATH:/graphql}
    alarm:
      default:
    telemetry:
      none:
    
    #启动
    #SkyWalking 的启动包括两部分，一个是 SkyWalking Collector ，一个是 SkyWalking UI
    $ ../bin/startup.sh  //UI和collector全部启动

访问 localhost:8080  
账户密码均是admin  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI1OTM0NDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

3、部署agent  
取出agent放到项目里

cd //usr/local/apache-skywalking-apm-incubating
    tar zcf  agent.tar.gz agent

将agent 放到项目里  
接下来部署项目，有两种方式  
第一种是Jar包部署方式的探针配置  
java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent.jar -jar your\_name.jar  
第二种方式是tomcat部署方式  
Tomcat配置探针

## linux
    CATALINA_OPTS="-javaagent:/usr/local/tomcat-pof/bin/skywalking/Agent/skywalking-agent.jar -DSW_AGENT_NAMESPACE=default-namespace -DSW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=10.100.xx.xx:11800, 10.100.xx.xx:11800,10.100.xx.xx:11800 -DSW_AGENT_NAME=xxx_www_pof"; export CATALINA_OPTS
    注意 11800 为 collector 端口 
    ## windows
    set "CATALINA_OPTS=... -javaagent:E:\apache-tomcat-8.5.20\skywalking-agent\skywalking-agent.jar"

skyWalking的高级特性  
插件会被统一放置在plugins目录中，新的插件，也只需要在启动阶段，放在目录中，就自动生效。删除则失效。  
配置除了通过/config/agent.config文件外，可以通过环境变量和VM参数（-D）来进行设置  
参数的key = skywalking. + agent.config文件中的key  
优先级：系统环境变量 > VM参数（-D） >/config/agent.config中的配置  
Log默认使用文件输出，输出到/log目录中  
也就是说可以将传递的参数写到config/agent.config 文件中  
这里也展示下agent.config的配置

cat Agent/config/agent.config 
    # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
    # distributed with this work for additional information
    # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
    # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    # limitations under the License.
    
    # The agent namespace
    agent.namespace=${SW_AGENT_NAMESPACE:default-namespace}
    
    # The service name in UI
    agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:xxx_www_pef}
    
    # The number of sampled traces per 3 seconds
    # Negative number means sample traces as many as possible, most likely 100%
    # agent.sample_n_per_3_secs=${SW_AGENT_SAMPLE:-1}
    
    # Authentication active is based on backend setting, see application.yml for more details.
    # agent.authentication = ${SW_AGENT_AUTHENTICATION:xxxx}
    
    # The max amount of spans in a single segment.
    # Through this config item, skywalking keep your application memory cost estimated.
    # agent.span_limit_per_segment=${SW_AGENT_SPAN_LIMIT:300}
    
    # Ignore the segments if their operation names start with these suffix.
    # agent.ignore_suffix=${SW_AGENT_IGNORE_SUFFIX:.jpg,.jpeg,.js,.css,.png,.bmp,.gif,.ico,.mp3,.mp4,.html,.svg}
    
    # If true, skywalking agent will save all instrumented classes files in `/debugging` folder.
    # Skywalking team may ask for these files in order to resolve compatible problem.
    # agent.is_open_debugging_class = ${SW_AGENT_OPEN_DEBUG:true}
    
    # Backend service addresses.
    collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:10.100.xx.xx:11800,10.100.xx.xx:11800,10.100.xx.xx:11800}
    
    # Logging level
    logging.level=${SW_LOGGING_LEVEL:DEBUG}

如果写在config/agent.config 中，项目里的探针配置需要写成

vi bin/catalina.sh
    ## 添加如下
    CATALINA_OPTS="-javaagent:/usr/local/tomcat-htmall/bin/skywalking/Agent/skywalking-agent.jar" ;export CATALINA_OPTS

重启项目后查看UI  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI1OTM0NDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

[https_github.com_OpenSkywalking_skywalking-netcore]: https://github.com/OpenSkywalking/skywalking-netcore
[http_www.apache.org_dyn_closer.cgi_incubator_skywalking_6.0.0-GA_apache-skywalking-apm-incubating-6.0.0-GA.tar.gz]: http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/incubator/skywalking/6.0.0-GA/apache-skywalking-apm-incubating-6.0.0-GA.tar.gz
[elsticsearch6.5.2_head]: https://mp.csdn.net/mdeditor/88683576#
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI1OTM0NDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220302/f6078645e9b24b80a1bfdc25414f044c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI1OTM0NDAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220302/5e6e4e3fa8364282bace6f801f5fa67a.png