使用Java发送邮件

冷不防 2022-02-27 14:42 287阅读 0赞

情景：使用java发送邮件验证码

利用java发送邮件需要做一些准备操作：

这里使用到了qq邮箱。

首先，打开qq邮箱，在设置，帐户那里，开启pop3/smtp,和imap/smtp服务。这里开启需要手机发送短信来验证。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MTA2MDkwNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

而后，点击下方得生成授权码，会要求使用手机来验证。验证ok后，会生成一串授权码，记住它，后面有用。使用java mail来利用qq邮箱发送邮件就需要这个授权码。（这里有个需要注意得点是：这个16位的授权码显示的时候是4个4个一组得显示，但是，实际上，授权码是16位连续的，中间没有空格，这个在后面输入的时候要注意！，要不然会报535错误！）

使用java来使用mail服务，需要相应的包，这个包有3个，在我的上传资源里可以找到。

接下来上代码就完事了：

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
    import javax.mail.Session;
    import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class JavaMailUtil {
        //发件人的邮箱和密码
        public static String emailAccount="qq邮箱地址";
        //发件人的邮箱得授权码
        public static String emailPassword="授权码";
        //发件人邮箱得服务地址
        public static String emailSMTPHost="smtp.qq.com";
        //收件人邮箱
        public static String receiveMailAccount="";
    
        /**
         * 创建一封邮件对象
         * @param session
         * @param sendMail
         * @param receiveMail
         * @param html
         * @return
         * cc:抄送
         * Bcc：密送
         * To:发送
         */
        public static MimeMessage createMimeMessage(Session session,String sendMail,String receiveMail,String html) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, MessagingException {
            //创建一封邮件对象
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
            //From:发件人
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(sendMail,"发送方的名字","utf-8"));
            //To:收件人（也可以抄送或者密送)
            message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(receiveMail,"对方name","utf-8"));
            //Subject:邮件的主题
            message.setSubject("邮箱验证","utf-8");
            //content：邮件正文(可以使用html标签)
            message.setContent(html,"text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            //设置发送时间
            message.setSentDate(new Date());
            //保存设置
            message.saveChanges();
            return message;
        }
    }

还需要一个类来生成随机数：

import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
    
    public class RandomUtil {
        public static String getRandom(){
            String[]letters=new String[]{"q","w","e","r","t","y","u","i","o","p","a","s","d","f","g","h","j","k","l","z","x","c","v","b","n","m",
                    "A","W","E","R","T","Y","U","I","O","P","A","S","D","F","G","H","J","K","L","Z","X","C","V","B","N","M",
                    "0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"
                  };
            String code="";
            for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
            {
                code=code+letters[(int)Math.floor(Math.random()*letters.length)];
            }
            return code;
        }
    }

public class htmlText {
        public static String sendHtml(String code)
        {
            String html="Email地址验证<br/>"+
                    "这封邮件是快拼网发送的。<br/>"+
                    "你收到的这封邮件是csdn进行新用户注册的。<br/>"+
                    "账号激活声明<br/>"+
                    "请将下面的验证码输入提示框里即可！"+
                    "<h3 style='color:red;'>"+code+"</h3><br/>";
            return html;
        }
    
    }

这是邮件的内容。

使用的时候：

@RequestMapping("sendEmail")
        @ResponseBody
        public String sendEmail(String email, HttpSession httpSession){
            JavaMailUtil.receiveMailAccount=email;//给用户输入的邮箱发送邮件
            //1.创建参数配置，用来连接邮箱服务器的参数配置
            Properties props = new Properties();
            //开启Debug模式
            props.setProperty("mail.debug","true");
            //发送服务器需要身份验证
            props.setProperty("'mail.smtp.auth","true");
            //设置邮件服务器的主机名
            props.setProperty("mail.host",JavaMailUtil.emailSMTPHost);
            //发送邮件协议名称
            props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
            //2.根据配置创建会话对象用来和邮件服务器交互
            Session session = Session.getInstance(props);
            //设置debug，可以查看详细的发送log
            session.setDebug(true);
            //3.创建一封邮件
            String code = RandomUtil.getRandom();
            System.out.println("邮箱验证码:"+code);
            String html = htmlText.sendHtml(code);
            MimeMessage message=null;
            try {
                message= JavaMailUtil.createMimeMessage(session, JavaMailUtil.emailAccount, JavaMailUtil.receiveMailAccount, html);
                //4.根据session获取邮件传输对象
                Transport transport = session.getTransport();
                //5.使用邮箱账号和密码连接邮件服务器emailAccount必须和message中的发件人一样，否则报错
                transport.connect(JavaMailUtil.emailAccount,JavaMailUtil.emailPassword);
                //6.发送邮件，发送所有收件人的地址
                transport.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
                //7.关闭连接
                transport.close();
                //写入session
                httpSession.setAttribute("code",code);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                return "false";
            }
            return "OK";
        }
        @RequestMapping("register")
        public String register(Register register,HttpSession httpSession){
            String code =(String) httpSession.getAttribute("code");
            System.out.println(code);
            if(code!=null)
            {
                //获取页面提交的验证码
                String inputCode = register.getCode();
                System.out.println("页面提交的验证码"+inputCode);
                if(code.toLowerCase().equals(inputCode.toLowerCase()))
                {
                    //验证成功，暂时先跳转到这里
                    return "customer";
                }
    
            }
            //移除验证码
            httpSession.removeAttribute("code");
    //验证失败，暂时先跳转到这里
            return "login";
        }

这样就OK了！

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