使用Python3发送邮件测试代码

Myth丶恋晨 2022-02-23 01:42 213阅读 0赞

SMTP(Simple Mail Trasfer Protocol)即简单邮件传输协议，它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，用它来控制信件的中转方式。Python3对SMTP的支持有smtplib和email两个模块，smtplib负责发送电子邮件， email负责组织邮件内容，可发送的邮件形式包括：纯文本文件、html、附件、图像。

下面的测试代码是以给163发送邮件为例，获取163的授权码方式可以参考：[https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ce09321b862ed12bff858fd9.html][https_jingyan.baidu.com_article_ce09321b862ed12bff858fd9.html]

import smtplib
 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
 from email.header import Header
 
 # reference: http://www.runoob.com/python/python-email.html
 
 # 第三方SMTP服务, 如163, qq, sina
 mail_host = "smtp.163.com" # 设置服务器
 mail_port = 25 # 端口号
 mail_user = "fengbingchun" # 用户名
 mail_pass = "xxxxx" # 163授权码
 
 sender = "fengbingchun@163.com" # 发送方
 receivers = ["fengbingchun@163.com"] # 接收方
 
 def SendTextMessage(text):
 	''' 发送纯文本邮件, text: 邮件内容 ''' 
 	# 三个参数：第一个为文本内容，第二个plain设置文本格式，第三个utf-8设置编码
 	message = MIMEText(text, 'plain', 'utf-8') # 邮件内容
 	message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8') # 发送者
 	message['To'] = Header("测试", 'utf-8') # 接收者
 	subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试: plain text' # 邮件主题
 	message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 	try:
 		smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP()
 		smtpObj.connect(mail_host, mail_port)
 		smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 
 		smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
 		print("邮件发送成功: plain text")
 	except smtplib.SMTPException:
 		print("Error: 无法发送邮件, plain text")
 
 def SendHtmlMessage():
 	''' 发送html邮件 '''
 	mail_msg = """
 	Python 邮件发送测试: this is a html email
 	<a href="http://www.runoob.com">这是一个链接</a>
 	"""
 
 	message = MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8')
 	message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
 	message['To'] = Header("测试", 'utf-8')
 	subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试: html'
 	message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 	try:
 		smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP()
 		smtpObj.connect(mail_host, mail_port)
 		smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 
 		smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
 		print("邮件发送成功: html")
 	except smtplib.SMTPException:
 		print("Error: 无法发送邮件, html")
 
 def SendAttachmentMessage():
 	''' 发送带附件的邮件 '''
 
 	message = MIMEMultipart()
 	message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
 	message['To'] = Header("测试", 'utf-8')
 	subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试: attachment'
 	message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 	# 邮件正文内容
 	message.attach(MIMEText('这是菜鸟教程Python 邮件发送测试: attachment', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
 
 	# 构造附件1，传送当前目录下的 test.txt 文件
 	att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
 	att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
 	# 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
 	att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
 	message.attach(att1)
 
 	# 构造附件2，传送当前目录下的 runoob.txt 文件
 	att2 = MIMEText(open('runoob.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
 	att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
 	att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="runoob.txt"'
 	message.attach(att2)
 
 	try:
 		smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP()
 		smtpObj.connect(mail_host, mail_port)
 		smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 
 		smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
 		print("邮件发送成功: attachment")
 	except smtplib.SMTPException:
 		print("Error: 无法发送邮件: attachment")
 
 def SendHtmlImageMessage():
 	''' 发送带html+image的邮件 '''
 	msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
 	msgRoot['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
 	msgRoot['To'] = Header("测试", 'utf-8')
 	subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试: html+image'
 	msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 	msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
 	msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
 
 	mail_msg = """
 	Python 邮件发送测试: html+image
 	<a href="http://www.runoob.com">菜鸟教程链接</a>
 	图片演示：
 	<img src="cid:image1">
 	"""
 	msgAlternative.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
 
 	# 指定图片为当前目录
 	fp = open('test.png', 'rb')
 	msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
 	fp.close()
 
 	# 定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用
 	msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
 	msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
 
 	try:
 		smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP()
 		smtpObj.connect(mail_host, mail_port)
 		smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) 
 		smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
 		print("邮件发送成功: html+image")
 	except smtplib.SMTPException:
 		print("Error: 无法发送邮件: html+image")
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
 	SendTextMessage("Hello, Python 邮件发送测试: this is a plain text email!")
 	SendHtmlMessage()
 	SendAttachmentMessage()
 	SendHtmlImageMessage()	
 	print("finish")

执行结果如下：

![2019040521092084.png][]

收到的邮件结果如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

**GitHub**：[https://github.com/fengbingchun/Python\_Test][https_github.com_fengbingchun_Python_Test]

[https_jingyan.baidu.com_article_ce09321b862ed12bff858fd9.html]: https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ce09321b862ed12bff858fd9.html
[2019040521092084.png]: /images/20220223/71d281f26ab346ad804c936fd3e5eae4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220223/f576b969e7ad40988f6a674e1926f5a9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220223/87c9ae9fa14c4a0eaefb6c34cacae8b3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220223/f6c0168ff21940e69b3185f07fec99c3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220223/267ee04c10cd49198b8b6ac9770a8040.png
[https_github.com_fengbingchun_Python_Test]: https://github.com/fengbingchun/Python_Test