Spring 5 MVC + Hibernate 5

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-02-23 00:12 224阅读 0赞

# Spring 5 MVC + Hibernate 5示例 #

**创建Spring 5 MVC Web应用程序**，**处理表单提交**，**集成hibernate 5**连接到后端数据库，并为输入表单[字段验证][Link 1]添加**hibernate验证器**。

创建一个简单的屏幕，可以在其中添加用户字段（名称和电子邮件）。首先验证这些细节，然后[使用hibernate][hibernate]将其存储在[Mysql数据库中][hibernate]。该页面还将列出所有存储的用户。

**目录**

Spring 5 MVC + Hibernate 5示例

开发环境

项目结构

Maven依赖

DispatcherServlet配置

Spring WebMVC配置

休眠配置

Spring Controller和REST映射

服务和DAO层

查看和消息资源

演示

--------------------

## 开发环境 ##

*  Eclipse Oxygen.3a Release (4.7.3a)
 *  JDK 1.8
 *  Spring 5.0.0.RELEASE
 *  Hibernate 5.2.11.Final
 *  Hibernate验证器5.4.1.Final
 *  Servlets 3.1.0
 *  Mysql 8.0.11
 *  Tomcat 7 maven plugin 2.2

## 项目结构 ##

该项目具有典型的[maven Web应用程序][maven Web]结构。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0ZXZlX2ZyYW5r_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

## Maven依赖 ##

查找用于在`pom.xml`文件中运行此示例的项目依赖项。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<groupId>com.ibm.moses.spring5</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring5-mvc-hibernate</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<packaging>war</packaging>
    	<properties>
    		<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
    		<spring.version>5.0.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
    		<hibernate.version>5.2.11.Final</hibernate.version>
    		<hibernate.validator>5.4.1.Final</hibernate.validator>
    		<c3p0.version>0.9.5.2</c3p0.version>
    		<jstl.version>1.2.1</jstl.version>
    		<tld.version>1.1.2</tld.version>
    		<servlets.version>3.1.0</servlets.version>
    		<jsp.version>2.3.1</jsp.version>
    		<hsqldb.version>1.8.0.10</hsqldb.version>
    		<mysql.version>8.0.11</mysql.version>
    	</properties>
    	<dependencies>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    			<version>${spring.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
    			<version>${spring.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
    			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
    			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
    			<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    			<version>${hibernate.validator}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
    			<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-api</artifactId>
    			<version>${jstl.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
    			<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
    			<version>${tld.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    			<version>${servlets.version}</version>
    			<scope>provided</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    			<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
    			<version>${jsp.version}</version>
    			<scope>provided</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>hsqldb</groupId>
    			<artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
    			<version>${hsqldb.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
    			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    			<version>${mysql.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    	<build>
    		<sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    		<resources>
    			<resource>
    				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
    			</resource>
    		</resources>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    				<version>3.5.1</version>
    				<configuration>
    					<source>1.8</source>
    					<target>1.8</target>
    				</configuration>
    			</plugin>
    			
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
    				<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    				<version>2.2</version>
    				<configuration>
    					<path>/</path>
    				</configuration>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    </project>

## DispatcherServlet配置 ##

随着[Servlet 3.0规范][Servlet 3.0]的发布，可以配置（几乎）没有xml的Servlet容器。为此`ServletContainerInitializer`，Servlet规范中有。在这个类中，您可以像在传统方式中那样注册过滤器，监听器，servlet等`web.xml`。

Spring提供了`SpringServletContainerInitializer`,知道如何处理`WebApplicationInitializer`类。`AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer`类实现`WebMvcConfigurer,`内部实现`WebApplicationInitializer`。它注册一个`ContextLoaderlistener`（可选）和一个`DispatcherServlet`并允许您轻松添加配置类以加载这两个类，并将过滤器应用于**DispatcherServlet**并提供servlet映射。

AppInitializer.java

package com.ibm.mose.demo.config;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
    
    public class AppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    
    	@Override
    	protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
    		return new Class[] { HibernateConfig.class };
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
    		return new Class[] { WebMvcConfig.class };
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	protected String[] getServletMappings() {
    		return new String[] { "/" };
    	}
    }

## Spring WebMVC配置 ##

下面给出了使用**注释配置的** Spring MVC配置。

WebMvcConfig.java

package com.ibm.mose.demo.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
    import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
    import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableWebMvc
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.ibm.mose.demo"})
    public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    
       @Bean
       public InternalResourceViewResolver resolver() {
          InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
          resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
          resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
          resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
          return resolver;
       }
    
       @Bean
       public MessageSource messageSource() {
          ResourceBundleMessageSource source = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
          source.setBasename("messages");
          return source;
       }
    
       @Override
       public Validator getValidator() {
          LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
          validator.setValidationMessageSource(messageSource());
          return validator;
       }
    }

1.  `WebMvcConfigurer`定义用于自定义或添加到通过使用启用的默认Spring MVC配置的选项`@EnableWebMvc`。
2.  `@EnableWebMvc`启用默认的Spring MVC配置并注册所期望的Spring MVC基础架构组件`DispatcherServlet`。
3.  `@Configuration`表示一个类声明了一个或多个`@Bean`方法，并且可以由Spring容器处理，以便在运行时为这些bean生成bean定义和服务请求。
4.  `@ComponentScan`注释用于指定要扫描的基础包。将扫描使用@Component和@Configuration注释的任何类。
5.  `InternalResourceViewResolver` 有助于将逻辑视图名称映射到直接查看某个预配置目录下的文件。
6.  `ResourceBundleMessageSource` 使用指定的基本名称访问资源包（这里是消息）。
7.  `LocalValidatorFactoryBean`bootstraps a `javax.validation.ValidationFactory`并通过Spring `Validator`接口以及JSR-303 `Validator`接口和`ValidatorFactory`接口本身公开它。

## 休眠配置 ##

示例中使用的Hibernate配置基于基于**hibernate Java的配置**。

HibernateConfig.java

package com.ibm.mose.demo.config;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScans;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager;
    import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
    
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.model.User;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableTransactionManagement
    @ComponentScans(value = { @ComponentScan("com.ibm.mose.demo")})
    public class HibernateConfig {
    
    	@Autowired
    	private ApplicationContext context;
    
    	@Bean
    	public LocalSessionFactoryBean getSessionFactory() {
    		LocalSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
    		factoryBean.setConfigLocation(context.getResource("classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"));
    		factoryBean.setAnnotatedClasses(User.class);
    		return factoryBean;
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	public HibernateTransactionManager getTransactionManager() {
    		HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
    		transactionManager.setSessionFactory(getSessionFactory().getObject());
    		return transactionManager;
    	}
    
    }

*  `LocalSessionFactoryBean`创建一个Hibernate `SessionFactory`。这是在Spring应用程序上下文中设置共享Hibernate SessionFactory的常用方法。
 *  `EnableTransactionManagement` 支持Spring的注释驱动的事务管理功能。
 *  `HibernateTransactionManager`将Hibernate Session从指定的工厂绑定到线程，可能允许每个工厂一个线程绑定的Session。此事务管理器适用于使用单个Hibernate `SessionFactory`进行事务性数据访问的应用程序，但它也支持`DataSource`在事务内直接访问，即纯JDBC。

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-configuration>
    	<session-factory>
    		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
    		<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
    		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
    		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=UTC</property>
    		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
    	
    		<property name="hibernate.archive.autodetection">class,hbm</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
    		
    		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">1800</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">150</property>
    	</session-factory>
    </hibernate-configuration>

## Spring Controller和REST映射 ##

控制器类有两个简单的[REST映射][REST]为`GET`和`POST`操作。如果未验证输入字段，则返回相同的表单bean以显示错误消息。否则返回刷新视图。

UserController.java

package com.ibm.mose.demo.controller;
    
    import java.util.Locale;
    
    import javax.validation.Valid;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
    
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.model.User;
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.service.UserService;
    
    @Controller
    public class UserController {
    
    	@Autowired
    	private UserService userService;
    
    	@GetMapping("/")
    	public String userForm(Locale locale, Model model) {
    		model.addAttribute("users", userService.list());
    		return "editUsers";
    	}
    	
    	@ModelAttribute("user")
        public User formBackingObject() {
            return new User();
        }
    
    	@PostMapping("/addUser")
    	public String saveUser(@ModelAttribute("user") @Valid User user, BindingResult result, Model model) {
    
    		if (result.hasErrors()) {
    			model.addAttribute("users", userService.list());
    			return "editUsers";
    		}
    
    		userService.save(user);
    		return "redirect:/";
    	}
    }

## 服务和DAO层 ##

服务和DAO层是带有加注解的正常服务组件`@Service`和`@Repository`注释。`@Transactional`在服务层应用注释以获得事务支持。

UserService接口和Impl

package com.ibm.mose.demo.service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.model.User;
    
    public interface UserService {
       void save(User user);
    
       List<User> list();
    }
    
    package com.ibm.mose.demo.service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
    
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.dao.UserDao;
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.model.User;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImp implements UserService {
    
       @Autowired
       private UserDao userDao;
    
       @Transactional
       public void save(User user) {
          userDao.save(user);
       }
    
       @Transactional(readOnly = true)
       public List<User> list() {
          return userDao.list();
       }
    
    }

UserDao接口和Impl

package com.ibm.mose.demo.dao;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.model.User;
    
    public interface UserDao {
       void save(User user);
       List<User> list();
    }
    
    package com.ibm.mose.demo.dao;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.persistence.TypedQuery;
    
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    import com.ibm.mose.demo.model.User;
    
    @Repository
    public class UserDaoImp implements UserDao {
    
       @Autowired
       private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    
       @Override
       public void save(User user) {
          sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
       }
    
       @Override
       public List<User> list() {
          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
          TypedQuery<User> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from User");
          return query.getResultList();
       }
    
    }

User.java

package com.ibm.mose.demo.model;
    import static javax.persistence.GenerationType.IDENTITY;
    
    import javax.persistence.Column;
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    import javax.persistence.Table;
    import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
    
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
    /**
     * User entity. @author Moses modify Persistence Tools
     */
    @Entity
    @Table(name = "user", catalog = "test")
    public class User implements java.io.Serializable {
      // Fields
      private Long id;
      private Integer age;
      private String email;
      private String name;
      // Constructors
      /** default constructor */
      public User() {
      }
      /** full constructor */
      public User(Integer age, String email, String name) {
        this.age = age;
        this.email = email;
        this.name = name;
      }
      // Property accessors
      @Id
      @GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY)
      @Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false)
      public Long getId() {
        return this.id;
      }
      public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
      }
      @Column(name = "age")
      public Integer getAge() {
        return this.age;
      }
      public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
      }
      @Column(name = "email", length = 50, unique = true)
      @Email(message = "{user.email.invalid}")
      @NotEmpty(message = "Please Enter your email")
      public String getEmail() {
        return this.email;
      }
      public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
      }
      @Column(name = "name", length = 30)
      @Size(max = 20, min = 3, message = "{user.name.invalid}")
      @NotEmpty(message = "Please Enter your name")
      public String getName() {
        return this.name;
      }
      public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
      }
    }

## 查看和消息资源 ##

最后，使用JSP文件和[消息资源包][Link 2]使用。

editUsers.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
    <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Spring5 MVC Hibernate Demo</title>
    <style type="text/css">
    .error {
    	color: red;
    }
    
    table {
    	width: 50%;
    	border-collapse: collapse;
    	border-spacing: 0px;
    }
    
    table td {
    	border: 1px solid #565454;
    	padding: 20px;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    	<h1>Input Form</h1>
    	<form:form action="addUser" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
    		<table>
    			<tr>
    				<td>Name</td>
    				<td><form:input path="name" /> <br /> <form:errors
    						path="name" cssClass="error" /></td>
    			</tr>
    			<tr>
    				<td>Email</td>
    				<td><form:input path="email" /> <br /> <form:errors
    						path="email" cssClass="error" /></td>
    			</tr>
    			<tr>
    				<td colspan="2"><button type="submit">Submit</button></td>
    			</tr>
    		</table>
    	</form:form>
    
    	<h2>Users List</h2>
    	<table>
    		<tr>
    			<td><strong>Name</strong></td>
    			<td><strong>Email</strong></td>
    		</tr>
    		<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
    			<tr>
    				<td>${user.name}</td>
    				<td>${user.email}</td>
    			</tr>
    		</c:forEach>
    	</table>
    </body>
    </html>

messages.properties

user.name.invalid = Name entered is invalid. It must be between {2} and {1} characters.
    user.email.invalid = Invalid email! Please enter valid email.

## 演示 ##

让我们使用[maven tomcat7插件][maven tomcat7]运行应用程序。执行maven目标：mvn `tomcat7:run`。

网址： `http://localhost:8080`

初始屏幕

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0ZXZlX2ZyYW5r_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

输入验证无效

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0ZXZlX2ZyYW5r_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

有效表格提交

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0ZXZlX2ZyYW5r_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

检查服务器日志。

Hibernate: insert into test.user (age, email, name) values (?, ?, ?)
    Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_, user0_.email as e
    mail3_0_, user0_.name as name4_0_ from test.user user0_

源代码：[https://github.com/glory2018/spring5-mvc-hibernate.git][https_github.com_glory2018_spring5-mvc-hibernate.git]

[Link 1]: https://howtodoinjava.com/resteasy/resteasy-bean-validation-using-hibernate-validator-provider/
[hibernate]: https://howtodoinjava.com/hibernate/hibernate-4-using-in-memory-database-with-hibernate/
[maven Web]: https://howtodoinjava.com/maven/how-to-create-a-eclipse-web-application-using-maven/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N0ZXZlX2ZyYW5r_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220223/e4471c11ec5c446b8b879ae60bc814b7.png
[Servlet 3.0]: https://download.oracle.com/otndocs/jcp/servlet-3.0-fr-oth-JSpec/
[REST]: https://howtodoinjava.com/spring5/webmvc/controller-getmapping-postmapping/
[Link 2]: https://howtodoinjava.com/spring-core/resolving-text-messages-in-spring-resourcebundlemessagesource-example/
[maven tomcat7]: http://tomcat.apache.org/maven-plugin.html
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[https_github.com_glory2018_spring5-mvc-hibernate.git]: https://github.com/glory2018/spring5-mvc-hibernate.git