通过网站不能跳转登录的案例来看IP白名单的设置

蔚落 2022-02-09 09:27 190阅读 0赞

最近在公司遇到一个问题，进入公司的游戏产品官网注册一个普通用户账号，登录官网

然后点击进入该游戏产品的论坛，不能自动跳转到论坛实现自动登录

于是自己去官网注册了一个普通用户账号，登录官网，测试看看，发现确实不能自动跳转到论坛

登录论坛的服务器数据库，查看到数据库里已经有刚刚注册的用户数据了，但密码没有同步过来

经过和开发的一起分析和故障排查，发现一个报错程序

[com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure][com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException_ Communications link failure]

[![wKioL1kjxMzCaUmlAAJ7BvVvBIY350.png-wh\_50][wKioL1kjxMzCaUmlAAJ7BvVvBIY350.png-wh_50]][wKioL1kjxMzCaUmlAAJ7BvVvBIY350.png-wh_50]

###     ###

### **一.异常信息以及解决办法**    ###

[?][Link 1]

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      1 
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      2 
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      3 
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      4 
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     <div style="font-size:1em;background-image:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException:Communications&nbsp;link&nbsp;failure&nbsp;org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException:&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="font-size:1em;background-image:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">Could&nbsp;not&nbsp;open&nbsp;JDBC&nbsp;Connection&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(0,102,153);">for</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">transaction;&nbsp;</code> 
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     <div style="font-size:1em;background-image:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">nested&nbsp;exception&nbsp;iscom.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException:&nbsp;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="font-size:1em;background-image:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">Communications&nbsp;link&nbsp;failureThe&nbsp;last&nbsp;packet&nbsp;successfully&nbsp;received&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;server&nbsp;was&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">6</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">,</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">388</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">milliseconds&nbsp;ago.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;last&nbsp;packet&nbsp;sent&nbsp;successfully&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;server&nbsp;was&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">1</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">,</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">504</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">milliseconds&nbsp;ago.at&nbsp;org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">240</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">)</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

异常分析：程序与MySQL通讯失败了，即连接失败了。

此为程序打开数据库连接后，等到做数据库操作时，发现连接被MySQL关闭掉了

而在MySQL这一层，MySQL5配置上默认将连接的等待时间（wait\_timeout）缺省为8小时

连接超过8小时，会导致mysql认为这个连接超时无效，然后进行关闭。

[?][Link 1]

<table style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', '微软雅黑', Arial, sans-serif;"> 
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      1 
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      2 
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      3 
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      4 
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      5 
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     <div style="font-size:1em;background-image:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">mysql﹥&nbsp;</code> 
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      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#0000FF;">'wait_timeout'</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:#000000;">;&nbsp;</code> 
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     </div> 
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      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">28800</code>&nbsp; 
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      <code style="font-family:Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:1em;background:none;border:0px;line-height:1.1em;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(0,153,0);">1</code>&nbsp; 
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</table>

解决办法（尝试方案顺序可为：（1）（3）（2））：  
（1）在jdbc连接url的配置中，你可以附上“autoReconnect=true”，但这仅对mysql5以前的版本起作用。  
  
（2）既然问题是由mysql5的全局变量wait\_timeout的缺省值太小引起的，我们将其改大就好了。  
查看mysql5的手册，发现对wait\_timeout的最大值分别是24天/365天(windows/linux)

以windows为 例，假设我们要将其设为21天，我们只要修改mysql5的配置文件“my.ini”(mysql5 installation dir)

增加一行：wait\_timeout=1814400 ，需要重新启动mysql5。  
linux系统配置文件：/etc/my.cnf  
  
（3）我们可以将数据库连接池的 validateQuery、testOnBorrow(testOnReturn)打开，这样在 每次从连接池中取出且准备使用之前(或者使用完且在放入连接池之前)先测试下当前使用是否好用，如果不好用，系统就会自动destory掉  
或者testWhileIdle项是设置是否让后台线程定时检查连接池中连接的可用性。

### **二.根本解决办法：代码优化** ###

![112628\_Ywpi\_1394041.bmp][112628_Ywpi_1394041.bmp]

![112552\_1l26\_1394041.png][112552_1l26_1394041.png]

![112553\_98MA\_1394041.png][112553_98MA_1394041.png]

最终发现是服务器的IP没有漂白，需要添加IP白名单就可以了

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables

\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# db \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

\-A INPUT -s server IP1/32 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

\-A INPUT -s server IP2/32 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

**通过这个公司网站跳转登录的问题，下面介绍一下Linux如何设置 IP 白名单黑名单**

防攻击可以增加IP白名单/etc/hosts.allow和黑名单/etc/hosts.deny

配置文件格式参考：

修改/etc/hosts.allow文件  
\#  
\# hosts.allow This file describes the names of the hosts which are  
\# allowed to use the local INET services, as decided  
\# by the ‘/usr/sbin/tcpd’ server.  
\#  
sshd:210.13.218.\*:allow  
sshd:222.77.15.\*:allow

以上写法表示允许210和222两个ip段连接sshd服务（这必然需要hosts.deny这个文件配合使用）

当然:allow完全可以省略的。[www.111cn.net][]  
当然如果管理员集中在一个IP那么这样写是比较省事的

all:218.24.129.110//他表示接受110这个ip的所有请求！  
/etc/hosts.deny文件，此文件是拒绝服务列表，文件内容如下：  
\#  
\# hosts.deny This file describes the names of the hosts which are  
\# \*not\* allowed to use the local INET services, as decided  
\# by the ‘/usr/sbin/tcpd’ server.  
\#  
\# The portmap line is redundant, but it is left to remind you that  
\# the new secure portmap uses hosts.deny and hosts.allow. In particular  
\# you should know that NFS uses portmap!  
sshd:all:deny

注意看：sshd:all:deny表示拒绝了所有sshd远程连接。:deny可以省略  
所以：当hosts.allow和 host.deny相冲突时，以hosts.allow设置为准

注意修改完后：[www.111Cn.net][www.111cn.net]  
service xinetd restart 才能让刚才的更改生效

/etc/hosts.allow（允许）和/etc/hosts.deny（禁止）这两个文件是tcpd服务器的配置文件  
tcpd服务器可以控制外部IP对本机服务的访问  
[linux][] 系统会先检查/etc/hosts.deny规则，再检查/etc/hosts.allow规则，如果有冲突 按/etc/hosts.allow规则处理

比如：  
1.禁止所有ip访问linux 的ssh功能  
可以在/etc/hosts.deny添加一行 sshd:all:deny

2.禁止某一个ip（192.168.11.112）访问ssh功能  
可以在/etc/hosts.deny添加一行sshd:192.168.11.112

3.如果在/etc/hosts.deny和/etc/hosts.allow同时 有sshd:192.168.11.112 规则，则192.168.11.112可以访问主机的ssh服务

总结：通过这种方法可以控制部分非授权访问，但不是一劳永逸的方法！我们在看服务日志的时候或许会看到很多扫描记录，不是还是直接针对root用户的，这时控制你的访问列表就非常有作用了！

Linux下防火墙增加白名单

在[Linux][]系统中安装yum install iptables-services

然后 vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

\# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Sun Aug 28 12:14:02 2016  
\*filter  
:INPUT ACCEPT \[0:0\]  
:FORWARD ACCEPT \[0:0\]  
:OUTPUT ACCEPT \[0:0\]  
  
  
\-N whitelist  
\-A whitelist -s 8.8.8.8 -j ACCEPT  
\-A whitelist -s x.x.x.x -j ACCEPT

\-A whitelist -s x.x.x.x -j ACCEPT

\-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  
\-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT  
\-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT  
\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j whitelist  
\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j whitelist  
\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j whitelist  
\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j whitelist  
\-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited  
\-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

上边是白名单的IP列表

下边是针对白名单里的内容开启的一些端口

要把ACCEPT的写在上边

把REJECT的内容写在下边

这样白名单里的IP就可以访问我们限制的端口及服务了，而没有在白名单里的IP则会被拒绝

\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j whitelist 这种是针对白名单里的端口开启，即只能白名单里的IP能够通过这个端口访问

\-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT这种是全白的开启，即任何机器都能通过这个端口访问

本文转自 2012hjtwyf 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/hujiangtao/1928838，如需转载请自行联系原作者

[com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException_ Communications link failure]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2983248/com-mysql-jdbc-exceptions-jdbc4-communicationsexception-communications-link-fai
[wKioL1kjxMzCaUmlAAJ7BvVvBIY350.png-wh_50]: /images/20220206/d27ba972527e42358e7d9d122b2db10d.png
[Link 1]: http://blog.51cto.com/hujiangtao/1928838#
[112628_Ywpi_1394041.bmp]: /images/20220206/b69188554d9a49f490d7fd1341ef29b4.png
[112552_1l26_1394041.png]: /images/20220206/ccd1e983ecd847739b100bee5a82fcd2.png
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