debian 9 安装后需做的几件事

桃扇骨 2022-02-03 11:04 622阅读 0赞

# debian 9 安装后需做的几件事 #

> 安装环境：X86 >> Debian 9 Linux/GNU

> ![847278-20180118075814021-1329510493.png][]

## apt源更新 ##

--------------------

> 注意连上有线网络  
> 刚安装好的debian系统中，`/etc/apt/sources.list`包含了本地软件仓库的源，可以预先下载好官方的所有DVD光盘数据，安装好后自己根据网络教程搭建本地仓库安装/更新软件。这里以使用网络源为实例，说明在能连接网络的情况下安装/更新软件包。  
> 注释原来的源信息，添加debain 9的源。

gedit  /etc/apt/sources.list # 复制下边的仓库源到文件并保存

# 163
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main non-free contrib
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ stretch/updates main non-free contrib

> 更新软件

# apt-get update && apt-get install aptitude   
    # aptitude update && aptitude dist-upgrade
    # apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates       #  add support for https apt sources by installing a couple of packages
    # apt-get install build-essential                                     # 安装基本开发工具
    # apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)                  # 安装内核头文件

## 时间同步/时区更改/本地化 ##

# apt-get install ntpdate -y    # 安装时间同步软件
    # ntpdate time.windows.com      # 同步时间
    
    # dpkg-reconfigure tzdata       # 更改时区
    
    # apt-get install locales
    # dpkg-reconfigure locales      # 本地化设置

> 参考 [Debian时间同步][Debian]

## vim vim-gtk ##

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# apt-get install vim vim-gtk

## 输入法fcitx ##

--------------------

### 安装 ###

# apt-get install fcitx fcitx-tools fcitx-config* fcitx-frontend* fcitx-module* fcitx-ui-* presage
    
    # apt-get remove fcitx-module-kimpanel    # 移除多余的组件
    
    # apt-get install fcitx-pinyin            # 拼音
    # apt-get install fcitx-sunpinyin         # sun拼音
    # apt-get install fcitx-googlepinyin      # google拼音
    # apt-get install fcitx-table-wubi-large  # 五笔

### 配置 ###

> 参考[Debian中文输入法fcitx总结][Debian_fcitx]

> 创建文件：/etc/X11/Xsession.d/95im\_init（文件名95im\_init貌似可以随意）

export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
    export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
    fcitx &

注意：这里的变量`LANG`与参考中的有些区别，主要是设置成中文翻译有些翻译看上去不是很好.

> ![847278-20180118074730568-1539050716.png][]

## gnome-tweak-tool桌面管理工具 ##

> 控制桌面窗口/鼠标等的特性，给你一个更美更人性化的桌面体验。  
> 请参考[Debian 桌面美化][Debian 1]

# apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

> ![847278-20180118082439209-254276301.png][]

## 音乐软件 ##

--------------------

> 网易云音乐
> 
> > 参考[debian之网易云音乐的安装][debian]

> ![847278-20180118074804928-1384532801.png][]

## 视频播放器 ##

--------------------

# apt-get  install mpv mplayer

> ![847278-20180118074844021-858400774.png][]

## firefox浏览器flashplayer安装 ##

--------------------

下载[Abode flashplayer][]

> ![847278-20181117140113484-1936373337.png][]

根据解压的`readme.tex`安装软件

> ![847278-20181117140352058-516032571.png][]

## 视频录制软件 ##

--------------------

> ["avconv"工具录制计算机桌面][avconv]

> kazam

apt-get install kazam

## 截图软件 shutter ##

--------------------

# apt-get install shutter

## BT/迅雷下载工具 ##

--------------------

# apt-get install uget  qbittorrent  -y

## latex ##

--------------------

> 方便编辑文本文档，然后生成PDF  
> [TeX Live 下载及安装说明][TeX Live]  
> [texlive2015-6安装][texlive2015-6]

## conky ##

--------------------

用于显示磁盘监控信息，不错的美化工具。

> 安装

# apt-get install conky

> 配置`~/.conkyrc`

conky.config = {
    alignment = 'top_right',
    background = true,
    update_interval=1,
    double_buffer=true,
    draw_shades=false,
    draw_outline=false,
    draw_borders = false,
    draw_graph_borders = false,
    show_graph_scale = false,
    show_graph_range = false,
    minimum_height = 620,
    minimum_width = 268,
    own_window = true,
    own_window_class = 'Conky',
    own_window_type = 'normal',
    own_window_transparent=true,
    own_window_hints="undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager",
    own_window_argb_visual=true,
    own_window_argb_value=0,
    border_inner_margin=0,
    border_outer_margin=0,
    use_xft = true,
    xftalpha=0.8,
    font = 'DejaVu Sans Mono:size=12',
    text_buffer_size=256,
    short_units=true,
    short_units=true,
    pad_percents=2,
    top_name_width=7,
        alignment = 'top_left',
        border_width = 1,
        cpu_avg_samples = 2,
        default_color = 'white',
        gap_x = 5,
        gap_y = 60,
        net_avg_samples = 2,
        no_buffers = true,
        out_to_console = false,
        out_to_stderr = false,
        extra_newline = false,
        stippled_borders = 0,
        update_interval = 1.0,
        uppercase = false,
        use_spacer = 'none',
    }
    
    conky.text = [[
    ${scroll 16 $nodename - $sysname $kernel on $machine | }
    $hr
    ${color grey}Uptime:$color $uptime
    ${color grey}Frequency (in MHz):$color $freq
    ${color grey}Frequency (in GHz):$color $freq_g
    ${color grey}RAM Usage:$color $mem/$memmax - $memperc% ${membar 4}
    ${color grey}Swap Usage:$color $swap/$swapmax - $swapperc% ${swapbar 4}
    ${color grey}CPU Usage:$color $cpu% ${cpubar 4}
    ${color grey}Processes:$color $processes  ${color grey}Running:$color $running_processes
    $hr
    ${color grey}File systems:
     / $color${fs_used /}/${fs_size /} ${fs_bar 6 /}
    ${color grey}Networking:
    Up:$color ${upspeed wlp2s0} ${color grey} - Down:$color ${downspeed wlp2s0}
    $hr
    ${color grey}Name              PID   CPU%   MEM%
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 1} ${top pid 1} ${top cpu 1} ${top mem 1}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 2} ${top pid 2} ${top cpu 2} ${top mem 2}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 3} ${top pid 3} ${top cpu 3} ${top mem 3}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 4} ${top pid 4} ${top cpu 4} ${top mem 4}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 5} ${top pid 5} ${top cpu 5} ${top mem 5}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 6} ${top pid 6} ${top cpu 6} ${top mem 6}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 7} ${top pid 7} ${top cpu 7} ${top mem 7}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 8} ${top pid 8} ${top cpu 8} ${top mem 8}
    ${color lightgrey} ${top name 9} ${top pid 9} ${top cpu 9} ${top mem 9}
    ]]

## VirtualBox ##

--------------------

> 虚拟windows操作系统，便于测试或者使用一些小工具。  
> [ubuntu下virtualbox的安装、卸载][ubuntu_virtualbox]  
> [VirtualBox Download][]  
> ![847278-20180118074922568-70661032.png][]

## Rdesktop & VNC Viewer ##

--------------------

> 方便远程连接windows/Linux

# apt-get install rdesktop

> 参考[VNC Viewer][]

## FTP工具 ##

--------------------

aptitude search filezilla
    aptitude install filezilla

## samba ##

--------------------

> 方便访问windows共享盘

> 安装

# apt-get install samba-client

> 配置:使用`share_space.sh`脚本连接windows共享盘

#!/bin/bash
    # file name: share_space.sh
    
    mount -t cifs -o username=login_win_user,password=yourpasswd //192.168.1.22/Public  /mnt/Exchange/    
    
    # //192.168.1.22/Public 为共享盘网络路径
    # /mnt/Exchange/        为挂载的位置

## 绘图工具dia(取代visio) ##

--------------------

> 强大的绘图功能

# apt-get install dia

> ![847278-20180125173849865-1412508515.png][]

## 固定IP地址 ##

--------------------

### 修改IP配置 ###

> 查看网卡名字

# apt-get install libnet-ifconfig-wrapper-perl    # 安装工具，若没有 ifconfig 命令
    # ifconfig                                                         # 查看网卡信息

> ![847278-20180131093159078-994176511.png][]

> 上图可以看出，网卡名为enp2s0  
> 接下来，修改 `/etc/network/interfaces`，添加如下内容（注意，不要添加中文注释，有可能影响启动）

auto enp2s0 
    iface enp2s0 inet static 
    address 192.168.100.38      
    netmask 255.255.255.0      
    gateway 192.168.100.1

![847278-20180131093210359-1644641953.png][]

### 修改DNS ###

apt-get install resolvconf

> 编辑 /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base

nameserver 8.8.8.8
    nameserver 8.8.4.4

> 重载

resolvconf -u

### 重启网卡 ###

/etc/init.d/networking restart

## RAR文件解压 ##

--------------------

> [rar download][]

## OpenVPN ##

--------------------

> [OpenVPN官网][OpenVPN]

## Zoom会议 ##

--------------------

> [ZooM下载中心][ZooM]

## 参考资料 ##

--------------------

\[1\].[Ubuntu安装Fcitx以及Fcitx输入中文不显示候选词框的解决办法][Ubuntu_Fcitx_Fcitx]  
\[2\].[texlive2015-6安装][texlive2015-6]  
\[3\].[ubuntu下virtualbox的安装、卸载][ubuntu_virtualbox]  
\[4\].[Linux怎样访问Windows共享文件和文件夹][Linux_Windows]  
\[5\].[Debian时间同步][Debian]  
\[6\].[Debian中文输入法fcitx总结][Debian_fcitx]  
\[7\].[Debian 桌面美化][Debian 1]  
\[8\].[Debian DNS resolv.conf 重启失效/复写][Debian DNS resolv.conf]

形而上者谓之道 形而下者谓之器。

[847278-20180118075814021-1329510493.png]: /images/20220203/69a7d98157c44447bb188ba05f120ad1.png
[Debian]: http://blog.csdn.net/lusyoe/article/details/54931205
[Debian_fcitx]: http://blog.csdn.net/snleo/article/details/1518649
[847278-20180118074730568-1539050716.png]: /images/20220203/187173363559440b99e2dd0ef572f182.png
[Debian 1]: http://www.cnblogs.com/OneFri/p/6104037.html
[847278-20180118082439209-254276301.png]: /images/20220203/f9eaed7aea6c4d0994a4f1807a12921c.png
[debian]: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_35376521/article/details/77148900?locationNum=1&fps=1
[847278-20180118074804928-1384532801.png]: /images/20220203/dd7bc1c55f68444a99a2c57610be0ed2.png
[847278-20180118074844021-858400774.png]: /images/20220203/7a0aacdab2354fdf9e12017418c36dc1.png
[Abode flashplayer]: https://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/
[847278-20181117140113484-1936373337.png]: /images/20220203/cd4d3fbf942e4fa6a7f10204f8dc7db3.png
[847278-20181117140352058-516032571.png]: /images/20220203/5f71efbaedad4cf583a49e007a6339e9.png
[avconv]: https://linux.cn/article-4323-1.html
[TeX Live]: http://www.latexstudio.net/archives/10208
[texlive2015-6]: http://blog.csdn.net/liufengl138/article/details/53122972
[ubuntu_virtualbox]: http://blog.csdn.net/zhengxiangwen/article/details/60325627
[VirtualBox Download]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
[847278-20180118074922568-70661032.png]: /images/20220203/e2e6fb007a3c49529a01e1615c2fd03f.png
[VNC Viewer]: https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/
[847278-20180125173849865-1412508515.png]: /images/20220203/44d8222d3618450f90820bd1780db258.png
[847278-20180131093159078-994176511.png]: /images/20220203/07febd3d51484b649384d498d4fb99f7.png
[847278-20180131093210359-1644641953.png]: /images/20220203/51a61354dfc8415dbfecdc7a97632da5.png
[rar download]: https://www.rarlab.com/download.htm
[OpenVPN]: https://openvpn.net/
[ZooM]: https://zoom.us/download?os=linux
[Ubuntu_Fcitx_Fcitx]: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_21397217/article/details/52447263
[Linux_Windows]: https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/574c521911f0866c8d9dc1a3.html
[Debian DNS resolv.conf]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002386908