20190515类的封装练习

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-01-30 14:25 109阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  20190515类的封装练习
 *   *  1、随机整数生成类
     *   *  第一种思路
         *  第二种封装思路
         *  第三种思路
     *  2、打印坐标
     *  3、车辆信息
     *  4、实现温度的处理
     *   *  第一种思路
         *  第二种思路
     *  5、模拟购物车购物

# 20190515类的封装练习 #

## 1、随机整数生成类 ##

可以先设定一批生成数字的个数，可设定指定生成的数值的范围。运行时还可以调整每批生成数字的个数

### 第一种思路 ###

#第一种封装思路，比较笨重
    import random
    class PartNum:
        def __init__(self,minnum=0,maxnum=1,count=10):
            self._maxnum = maxnum
            self._minnum = minnum
            self._count = count
    
        def setminnum(self,minnum):
            self._mininum = minnum
    
        def setcount(self,count):
            self._count = count
    
        def getcount(self):
            return self._count
        #注册minnum属性get，set方法
        minnum = property(lambda self:self._minnum,setminnum)
        #注册count属性get,set方法
        count = property(getcount,setcount)
    
        @property
        def maxnum(self):
            return self._maxnum
    
        @maxnum.setter
        def maxnum(self,maxnum):
            self._maxnum = maxnum
    
        def partrandom(self):
            """产生随机数方法"""
            mmax = self._maxnum
            mmin = self._minnum
            return (random.randint(mmin,mmax) for _ in range(self._count))
    # return (random.randint(self._minnum,self._maxnum) for _ in range(self._count))
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        parnum = PartNum()
        rom1 = parnum.partrandom()
        parnum.count = 20
        parnum.maxnum = 30
        rom2 = parnum.partrandom()
        print([_ for _ in rom1])
        print([_ for _ in rom2])

![homework20190515\_001][homework20190515_001]

### 第二种封装思路 ###

*  生成器实现

#第二种封装思路,生成器实现
    import random
    
    class RandomGen:
        def __init__(self,start=1,stop=100,count=10):
            self.start = start
            self.stop = stop
            self.count = count
            self._gen = self._generate()
            
        def _generate(self):
            while True:
                yield random.randint(self.start,self.stop)
                
        def generate(self,count=0):
            count = count if count else self.count
            return [next(self._gen) for i in range(count)]
        
    print(RandomGen().generate())

![homework20190515\_002][homework20190515_002]

### 第三种思路 ###

*  每一次生成一批数据

# 第三种封装思路，每次生成一批数据
    import random
    
    class RandomGen:
        def __init__(self,start=1,stop=100,count=10):
            self.start = start
            self.stop = stop
            self._count = count
            self._gen = self._generate()
            
        def _generate(self):
            while True:
                yield [random.randint(self.start,self.stop) for _ in range(self._count)]
                
        def generate(self,count=0):
            return next(self._gen)
        
        @property
        def count(self):
            return self._count
        
        @count.setter
        def count(self,count):
            self._count = count
            
    rand = RandomGen()
    print(rand.generate())
    rand.count = 5
    print(rand.generate())
    rand.stop = 10
    rand.count = 20
    print(rand.generate())

![homework20190515\_003][homework20190515_003]

## 2、打印坐标 ##

使用上题中的类，随机生成20个数字，两两配对形成二维坐标系的坐标，把这些坐标组织起来，并打印输出

import random
    
    #定义一个生成器类
    class RandomGen:
        def __init__(self,start=1,stop=100,count=10):
            self.start = start
            self.stop = stop
            self._count = count
            self._gen = self._generate()
            
        def _generate(self):
            while True:
                yield [random.randint(self.start,self.stop) for _ in range(self._count)]
                
        def generate(self,count=0):
            return next(self._gen)
        
        @property
        def count(self):
            return self._count
        
        @count.setter
        def count(self,count):
            self._count = count
    
    #定义坐标类
    class Point:
        def __init__(self,x,y):
            self.x = x
            self.y = y
            
        def __str__(self):
            return "<Point x:{}，y:{}>".format(self.x,self.y)
        
        def __repr__(self):
            return "<Point x:{}，y:{}>".format(self.x,self.y)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        rand = RandomGen()
        rand.count = 10
        points = [Point(x,y) for x,y in zip(rand.generate(),rand.generate())]
        print(points)

![homework20190515\_004][homework20190515_004]

## 3、车辆信息 ##

记录车的品牌mark、颜色color、价格price、速度speed等特征，并实现车辆管理，能增加车辆、显示全部车辆的 信息功能

from collections import defaultdict
    #定义汽车类
    class Automobile:
        def __init__(self,mark,color,price,speed):
            self.mark = mark  #品牌
            self.color = color #颜色
            self.price = price #价格
            self.speed = speed #速度
            
        def getmessage(self):
            return "品牌：{}\t颜色:{}\t售价：{}万元\t速度：{}km/h".format(self.mark,self.color,self.price,self.speed)
            
    class Platform:
        def __init__(self):
            self.__goodsdict = defaultdict(lambda : [0,set()])
            self.__goodsNum = 0
            pass
        #注册商品数量属性
        goodsNum = property(lambda self:self.__goodsNum)
        
        def add(self,goods:Automobile):
            """添加平台物品"""
            self.__goodsNum += 1
            self.__goodsdict[goods.mark][0] += 1
            self.__goodsdict[goods.mark][1].add(goods)
        
        def showplatform(self):
            """展示平台物品信息"""
            print("- "*5,"车辆总数：",self.__goodsNum,"- "*5)
            for name,arr in self.__goodsdict.items():
                print("{} 总数量：{}".format(name,arr[0]))
                for goods in arr[1]:
                    print("\t{}".format(goods.getmessage()))
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        #创建管理平台
        pla = Platform()
        #添加车辆
        pla.add(Automobile("上海大众","黑色",5.0,300))
        pla.add(Automobile("上海通用","黑色",30.0,400))
        pla.add(Automobile("玛莎拉蒂","酒红色",200.0,600))
        pla.add(Automobile("玛莎拉蒂","黑色",200.0,600))
        pla.add(Automobile("宝马","磨砂黑",200.0,600))
        pla.add(Automobile("宝马","白色",200.0,600))
        pla.add(Automobile("劳斯莱斯","黑色",500.0,700))
        #显示全部车辆
        pla.showplatform()

![homework20190515\_005][homework20190515_005]

## 4、实现温度的处理 ##

实现华氏温度和摄氏温度的转换。  
℃ = 5 × (℉ - 32) / 9  
℉ = 9 × ℃ / 5 + 32  
完成以上转换后，增加与开氏温度的转换，K = ℃ + 273.15

### 第一种思路 ###

import math
    class Trmperatuer:
        _cTof = 1 #摄氏温度转华氏温度
        _cTok = 2 
        _fTok = 3
        _fToc = -1
        _kToc = -2
        _kTof = -3
        cTof = _cTof
        cTok = _cTok
        fTok = _fTok
        fToc = _fToc
        kToc = _kToc
        kTof = _kTof
        _modedict = { _cTof,_cTok,_kToc,_kTof,_fToc,_fTok}
    
        _condict={ 
            _cTof:lambda c: 9*c/5 +32,
            _cTok:lambda c: c+273.15,
            _fToc:lambda f: 5*(f-32)/9,
            _fTok:lambda f: 5*(f-32)/9+273.15,
            _kToc:lambda k: k-273.15,
            _kTof:lambda k: (k-273.15)*9/5 + 32
        }
        
        def convert(self,trm:int,mode:int):
            if mode in Trmperatuer._modedict:
                return round(self._condict[mode](trm),2)
                
            
    if __name__ is "__main__":
        trm = Trmperatuer()
        print("0摄氏温度转华氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.cTof))
        print("0摄氏温度转开氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.cTok))
        print("0华氏温度转摄氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.fToc))
        print("0华氏温度转开氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.fTok))
        print("0开氏温度转摄氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.kToc))
        print("0开氏温度转华氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.kTof))

![homework20190515\_006][homework20190515_006]

### 第二种思路 ###

*  假定一般情况下，使用摄氏温度为单位，传入温度值。如果不给定摄氏温度，一定会把温度值转换到摄氏度。

class Temperature:
        def __init__(self,t,unit='c'):
            self._c = None
            self._f = None
            self._k = None
            
            #都要先转换到摄氏度，以后反问再计算其他单位的温度值
            if unit == 'f':
                self._c = self.f2c(t)
            elif unit == 'k':
                self._c = self.k2c(t)
            elif unit == 'c':
                self._c = t
        @property
        def c(self):
            return self._c
    
        @property
        def f(self):
            if self._f is None:
                self._f = self.c2f(self._c)
            return self._f
        
        @property
        def k(self):
            if self._k is None:
                self._k = self.c2k(self._c)
            return self._k
    
        @classmethod
        def c2f(cls,c):
            return 9 * c / 5 +32
        
        @classmethod
        def f2c(cls,f):
            return (f - 32) * 5 / 9
        
        @classmethod
        def c2k(cls,c):
            return c + 273.15
    
        @classmethod
        def k2c(cls,k):
            return k - 273.15
        
        @classmethod
        def f2k(cls,f):
            return cls.c2k(cls.f2c(f))
        
        @classmethod
        def k2f(cls,k):
            return cls.c2f(cls.k2c(k))
        
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        print(Temperature.c2f(0))
        print(Temperature.c2k(0))
        print(Temperature.f2c(0))
        print(Temperature.f2k(0))
        print(Temperature.k2f(0))
        print(Temperature.k2c(0))
        temp = Temperature(0,'f')
        print(temp.c,temp.f,temp.k)

![homework20190515\_007][homework20190515_007]

## 5、模拟购物车购物 ##

from collections import defaultdict
    class Goods:
        """物品类"""
        def __init__(self,id,name,price,num,color,goodtypes):
            """ 物品初始化 :param id :商品id :param name: 物品名称 :param price: 物品价格 :param num: 物品数量 :param color: 颜色 :param goodtypes: 类型 """
            self.id = id
            self.name = name
            self.price = price
            self.num = num
            self.color = color
            self.goodtypes = goodtypes
            pass
    
        def show(self,v:int=0):
            v = v if v else self.num
            return "id:{}\t名称：{:<20}\t单价：{}\t数量：{:<3}\t颜色：{}\t类型：{}".format(self.id,self.name,self.price,v,self.color,self.goodtypes)
    
    class Salse:
        """销售平台"""
        def __init__(self):
            self.goodsdict = dict()
            pass
    
        def addgoods(self,goods:Goods=None):
            """添加商品"""
            if not goods:
                id = int(input("请输入商品id:"))
                name = input("请输入商品名称：")
                price = float(input("请输入商品价格："))
                num = int(input("请输入商品数量："))
                color = input("请输入商品颜色：")
                goodtypes = input("请输入商品类型：")
                goods = Goods(id,name,price,num,color,goodtypes)
            if goods.id in self.goodsdict:
                self.goodsdict[goods.id].num += goods.num
            else:
                self.goodsdict[goods.id] = goods
    
        def sellGoods(self,dt:dict):
            """ 销售商品 :param dt: 销售商品集合 :return: """
            for good in dt:
                if good.id in self.goodsdict:
                    num = self.goodsdict[good.id]-good.num
                    if num>0:
                        self.goodsdict[good.id].num = num
                    else:
                        self.goodsdict.pop(good.id)
            pass
    
        def showGoods(self):
            """查看正在售卖商品"""
            for k,good in self.goodsdict.items():
                print(good.show())
            pass
    
    class ShoppingCat:
        """购物车"""
        def __init__(self,salse:Salse):
            self.__dict = { } #购物车商品
            # self.__sumprice = 0 #总价
            # self.__num = 0 #所有商品数量
            self.salse = salse
            pass
    
        def addGoods(self,goopid,num):
            """购物车中添加商品"""
            if num>0 and goopid in self.salse.goodsdict:
                #获取商品总量
                maxnum = self.salse.goodsdict[goopid].num
                sum = self.__dict.get(goopid,0) + num
                if maxnum<=sum: sum = maxnum
                self.__dict[goopid] = sum
    
        def defGoods(self,goopid,num:int=0):
            """ 删除物品 :param goopid: 物品id :param num: 删除的数量，如果为0表示全部删除 :return: """
            if goopid in self.__dict:
                if num>0:
                    self.__dict[goopid] -= num
                else:
                    self.__dict.pop(goopid)
                return True
            else:
                return False
    
        def showShopping(self):
            """ 查看购物车商品 :return: """
            sum = 0 #总金额
            num = 0 #商品数量
            print("购物车信息如下：")
            if self.__dict:
                for k,v in self.__dict.items():
                    good:Goods = self.salse.goodsdict[k]
                    num += v
                    sum += good.price*v
                    print(good.show(v))
                print("一共{}件商品，共{}元".format(num,sum))
            else:
                print("购物车为空。。。。。")
    
        def closeShopping(self):
            """ 清空购物车 :return: """
            self.__dict = { }  # 购物车商品
            self.__sumprice = 0  # 总价
            self.__num = 0  # 所有商品数量
            return True
    
        def gotoGoods(self):
            """ 结账 :return: """
            sum = 0
            num = 0
            strshopping = ""
            if self.__dict:
                for k,v in self.__dict.items():
                    good:Goods = self.salse.goodsdict[k]
                    strshopping += good.show(v)+"\n"
                    if v>=good.num:
                        num += good.num
                        sum += good.num*good.price
                        self.salse.goodsdict.pop(k)
                    else:
                        good.num -= v
                        num += v
                        sum += v*good.price
                print("已经将{}件商品打包，发往XXXXXX。共收款{}元。".format(num,sum))
                print("邮寄商品信息如下：\n"+strshopping)
                self.closeShopping()
            else:
                print("没有选购任何商品。。。。")
            return True
    
    class Console:
        """控制台"""
        def __init__(self,salse:Salse,shopp:ShoppingCat):
            self.salse = salse
            self.shopp = shopp
            pass
    
        def show1(self):
            """启动控制台"""
            print("控制台已经启动")
            while 1:
                print("1.查看商品")
                print("2.选择商品加入购物车")
                print("3.查看购物车")
                print("4.清空购物车")
                print("5.添加出售商品")
                print("8.结算")
                print("9.退出")
                userin = input("请输入选项：")
                if userin == "1": #查看商品
                    self.salse.showGoods()
                elif userin == "2": #购买商品
                    self.show2()
                elif userin == "3": #查看购物车
                    self.show3();
                elif userin == "4": #清空购物车
                     if self.shopp.closeShopping():
                         print("购物车已请空")
                elif userin=="5":
                    self.salse.addgoods()
                elif userin == "8":
                    self.shopp.gotoGoods()
                    print("- "*50)
                elif userin == "9":
                    break
    
        def show3(self):
            while 1:
                print("- " * 50)
                self.shopp.showShopping()
                print("- " * 50)
                print("1. 删除商品")
                print("2. 返回上一级")
                inp = input("请选择：")
                if inp == "1":
                    id = int(input("请输入需要删除的物品id："))
                    num = int(input("请输入需要删除的物品数量(0表示全部删除):"))
                    if self.shopp.defGoods(id,num):
                        print("删除成功")
                    else:
                        print("删除失败")
                elif inp == "2":
                    break
    
        def show2(self):
            """展示售卖商品"""
            print("- " * 50)
            print("**展示商品")
            self.salse.showGoods()
            print("**操作")
            id = int(input("请输入商品id："))
            num = int(input("请输入购买数量："))
            self.shopp.addGoods(id, num)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        #构建销售平台
        salse = Salse()
        #添加售卖商品
        salse.addgoods(Goods(1,"《Python从入门到精通》",50,20,"无","书"))
        salse.addgoods(Goods(2, "《Java从入门到精通》", 60, 20, "无", "书"))
        salse.addgoods(Goods(3, "《Android从入门到精通》", 40, 20, "无", "书"))
        salse.addgoods(Goods(4, "《C#从入门到精通》", 30, 10, "无", "书"))
        salse.addgoods(Goods(5, "《高等数学》", 80, 5, "无", "书"))
        #创建购物车
        shopp = ShoppingCat(salse)
        #初始化控制台
        con  = Console(salse,shopp)
        con.show1()

![homework20190515\_008][homework20190515_008]

[homework20190515_001]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/1263351411/xdd.github.io/master/img/python/homework20190515_001.jpg
[homework20190515_002]: /images/20220130/b63ed6326d6d4723b31f456fb4ccea4e.png
[homework20190515_003]: /images/20220130/3d2a4c6255884b71bde015f032c35d06.png
[homework20190515_004]: /images/20220130/21f66a5c39c647dca40e500b860b3c9f.png
[homework20190515_005]: /images/20220130/68959ef13d4d4cdb990ebc11296a170e.png
[homework20190515_006]: /images/20220130/d98d23c2002741529cab419a5a51ee99.png
[homework20190515_007]: /images/20220130/ef6b7353efe8455e9db2f8fc4a692179.png
[homework20190515_008]: /images/20220130/011edd9bc0c1453a8efad6379e2ec5c8.png